江苏省泗洪县石集乡毛山村在实施高标准基本农田建设土地整治期间,在上更新统塔兰托阶戚嘴组上部棕黄、棕红色粉砂质亚黏土夹浅灰绿色粉砂层中发掘出一体形巨大、保存较完整的淮河古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon huaihoensis Qi,1999)骨架化石.虽然中国许多地方的第四纪地层都发现了古菱齿象化石,但多为零散的牙齿和残破的骨骼.此次出土的标本显示,其巨大的门齿说明该象为雄性,第3臼齿磨损程度反映其死亡年龄约50岁,从其股骨长度推测,可能肩高超过4m,体重超过10 t.对比世界各地已发现的古菱齿象化石,可见在冰期—间冰期反复交替的更新世,古菱齿象为寻找适合的生存环境不断迁徙.冰期气候变冷,海平面下降,大陆架浅海大多暴露成为陆地,它们迁徙扩散,追寻合适的生境;间冰期气候变暖,海平面上升,大陆架完全淹没成为浅海,它们被分隔在不同的大陆和岛屿,为适应不同的生境,各自独立演化.如此反复的迁徙扩散—隔离—再迁徙融合—再隔离的交替循环,导致古菱齿象种群的多样化分异.在食物资源丰富、活动空间广阔、掠食动物横行的大陆,它们体形趋向巨大化,如非洲的瑞氏古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon recki),欧洲的古老古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon antiquus),南亚的纳玛古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon namadicus)及中国的淮河古菱齿象;在食物资源和活动空间都很受限制,掠食动物威胁相对较弱的岛屿,它们的体形趋向侏儒化,如地中海岛屿的法氏古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon falconeri),马耳他古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon melitensis),莫奈德里古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis),塞浦路斯古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon cypriotes),哈尼亚古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon chaniensis,蒂洛斯古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon tiliensis)及日本的诺氏古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon naumanni).由此演化出的物种体形大小差异很大,包含了长鼻目(Proboscidea)最大和最小的个体.

This study is based on field investigations and the previous researches of geological relic resources in Shuanggou area of Sihong,Jiangsu Province. These relic resources can be divided into 3 categories: stratotype,paleontology and water landscape. This work describes principally stratotype of the Xiacaowan Formation,and summarized the Miocene vertebrate fauna in Xiacaowan. There are overall 5 classes,19 orders,43 species and 98 families of vertebrate fossils,of which the Shuanggouzui ape of gibbons and Jianghuai wide-tooth ape of dryopithecus class are unique in China. The comparison shows that,there are 5 national relics of 3 kinds,and2 provincial geological relics of 2 kinds. This study illuminated the scientific value and science value of geologic relics,and also evaluated their aesthetic value,tourism,social economic value and development and construction conditions. It is concluded that the Shuanggou area in Sihong possesses favorable conditions for establishing geological parks.

介绍了江苏徐州占城地区首次发现的蓝田玉的特征,与陕西产蓝田玉作了对比.江苏蓝田玉的发现,填补了江苏矿产种类的空白.通过对江苏产蓝田玉的空间展布、岩石学特征及成因的分析,指出了占城地区针对蓝田玉矿找矿具有的良好找矿前景.

2011年8月出土于连云港第四纪全新世连云港组中段陆相黑色淤泥质亚黏土地层的须鲸不完整的脊椎骨显示,该鲸死亡后骨架经潮汐海浪冲击解体,在距今约0.85万年的古黄河入海口附近被淤泥掩埋.根据该须鲸不完整骨骼保留的特征和全新世鲸类分布及洄游范围,可以确定其属于活动于黄海的长须鲸(Balaenoptera physalus)、蓝鲸(Balaenoptera musculus)和座头鲸(Megaptera novaeangliae)这样的大型须鲸.

Based on the summary of the researching fruits of Xu Xiake s travel to Linwu Cave by the academic circle of studying Xu Xiake,the authors advanced that Xu Xiake was not able to travel Linwu Cave when he first traveled Taihu Lake in the year of 1607 through analyses of hydrological and climate conditions then and there,and Xu Xiake s travel to Linwu Cave was concluded by the Xu researchers.

Yixing was one of the concentrated developed areas of karst caves in China,there were altogether eighty-three caves located in a land range of eighty kilometers.Some famous caves developed in the past years attracted many tourists every year,one of them belonged to world class geological relic resource,five national-level,and two other national-level geological relics.They occupied important values of scientific research,science popularization and aesthetics and were provided with the conditions of constructing national geopark.

Gigantic herbivorous sauropoda dinosaurs were very huge creatures. Diplodocus, among them, was up to 54 meters long and was the biggest terrestrial animal even. All of the dinosaurs, whose length was over 20 meters, were attached to sauropoda. Their main evolution was gigantism for having advantage of getting ecological niche, and other evolutions were cooperated with it. The characteristics of sauropoda dinosaurs, for example: ① Their long neck with a tiny head would have had the ability to browse at many levels and orientation needed not to move their gigantic body often. ② Their large nares would have allowed to breathe air in large throughput to support their gigantic body living, and so a sauropoda dinosaur would have had strong blood circulatory system, perhaps had a main heart and rudimentary auxiliary hearts' for fear a single heart too huge. ③ Their spatulate-shaped teeth would have had the ability to stripped longer portions of plant's stems in a single action, and ingested apace without mastication. ④ Their femurs were longer than their tibias, and showed they would have been ineffective runners but their thick legs were powerful, especially hind legs, and could stand up to graze on high plants, or to swat enemies. ⑤ They were quadrupeds with very wide and large paws, so a sauropoda dinosaur would have shared the weight of their titianic bodies by the four legs, and reduced pressure to ground for fear sinking. Thus it can be seen that:in live evolution, what happens to a small part may affect the whole. An organism's main evolution would have driven a series of cooperated evolutions in itself for adapt to the environment suitably as more as possible.

0 引言 南京地质博物馆前身是1913年在北京建立的地质调查所地质矿产陈列室,它是近现代历史最悠久的自然博物馆之一.经过数代人的科学典藏,现有岩矿、古生物、第一手复制品等标本及历史文物2万余件,大部分是老一辈地质学家科学研究用过的标本,堪称地学领域的宝库.馆藏中有不少珍贵、稀有或国内唯一的标本,这些标本成了南京地质博物馆的"镇馆之宝".

In lights of the effective preservation and rational development of geoheritage resources and cited Xishan National Geopark as an example, the authors summarized the performance flow sheet of geopark planning, discussed and adjusted the definition of geopark scope, garden division in the geopark, distribution of the function areas and scientific interpretation, provided guidance for the supervision and construction of Xishan National Geopark, and reference significance for geopark planning of other regions.

以地貌差异明显的江苏省仪征市为例,根据地貌类型将其划分为平原区、岗地区和丘陵区三个子评价区,在GIS支持下,利用"压力-状态-响应"(RSR)模型确定各子评价区的评价因子,运用层次分析法确定各子评价区的因子权重,并运用分等定级法和模糊数学法进行评价因子的分值量化,最后利用加权指数求和模型进行综合分值的计算并划分等级,以及成果图的输出.结果表明,仪征市土壤环境整体较好,一等与二等土壤分别占总土壤面积的67.6%和26.3%,三等与四等土壤加起来占总土壤面积的6%,其中平原区与岗地区的土壤环境整体好于丘陵区.此方法可用于地貌具有差异的县级区域,评价结果较为准确、可靠.

A total of 33 soil samples were taken from Lishui County and analyzed,based on which a sample-point CEC map of the county was plotted out and turned into a CEC spatial distribution map through Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation and superposition with the aid of the GIS technology. Results showed that the soil CEC averaged at 12.50 ± 3.56 cmol/kg over the county,and was at 10 ～ 20 cmol/kg in 71.69% of the spatial distribution map,and varied with topography,e.g. in low hill region,about 56.21% of the soil,mainly in the east part,was only 5 ～ 10 cmol/kg in CEC and in plain region,about 82.23% of the soil was 10 ～ 20 cmol/kg in CEC and only 0.30% 20 cmol/kg.

Based on the study of profile properties,structures and textures,mass composition of Xiashu soil under the mountain ridge of Yushan,and the behavior of neotectonic movement,and in combination with the contrast of regional Xiashu soil,the authors discussed the origin of Xiashu soil around the hilly lands and the isolated hill in south Jiangsu,and it is concluded that,during the formation of Xiashu soil,wind is the first and primary transportation agent and water is the second and subordinate transportation agent.

The types of geological relics and tourism resources in Yushan region of Changshu City were depicted in the text.The geological relics landscape falls into six subtypes and fifteen elementary types.There are seventy three sites of scenic spots,in which,twenty-six is sorted to be class one landscape,nineteen class two landscape,twenty-eight class three.The scientific value,aesthetic value and cultural and historic value were analyzed and their development conditions were evaluated.It is concluded that Yushan region is provided with the conditions of founding a geopark,a base for scientific investigation and popularization,a scenic spot along Changjiang delta lines.

Based on the mining status and relics in Xiangshan ore district,the authors depicted and analyzed the objectives and significance of the construction of the Minepark.The importance of building Xiangshan National Minepark was more emphasized and its feasibility was also studied in the text.

Attempts were made to evaluate soil environment quality of farms producing hazard-free agriculture products in Lishui county with consideration of soil heavy metal pollution, soil fertility, terrain and land use patterns. With the aid of the GIS technology, different evaluation factors were evaluated with different methods such as Neimieluo index method, fuzzy mathematic method, and AHP method, respectively, and the composite index with the weighted index summation method. Results showed that the acreage of soils of Grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ in quality accounted for 26% and 58%, respectively, however the acreages of soils of Grade Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ in quality amounted to 16% aggregatedly. The results also showed that this method was better than the ordinary method in reflecting the practical situation.

This paper aims to make an evaluation of soil environmental quality for Jiangdu County,Jiangsu province.With the support of GIS,the authors took as the primary factors soil pollution,soil nutrient,soil physical and chemic characters and terrain condition.While preparing for the evaluation,the authors collected basic data from the prophase results of the ecological geochemistry survey for Jiangsu province on soil quality.They also made a thirty-meter long grid as the cell of evaluation.During the evaluation,some methods were adopted such as Neimieluo index method,Fuzzy Mathematic,Spatial interpolated as well as Grid analysis.Based on consulting the evaluation criteria,soil environmental quality results were classified and mapped,meanwhile according to the evaluation results of soil pollution and soil nutrient,the authors gave some countermeasures and discussions.The results show that,soil pollution in Jiangdu was basically under the level of precaution,however soil pollution in some small areas suffer from pollution to a certain degree.The results also indicate that,soil nutrient in Jiangdu is in a proper condition.In accordance with our evaluation,the county's soil environmental quality is better on the whole,the acreage of soil of the first and second quality grade accounts for 49.6% and 43.6% respectively,however,that of soil with quality grades three and four is below 7% aggregately.Hence,its results also show that the method is capable and the result is trustable.