以8个子莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)主栽品种'建选35号'('Jianxuan 35')、'建选31号'('Jianxuan 31')、'建选17号'('Jianxuan 17')、'金芙蓉1号'('Jinfurong 1')、'鄂子莲1号'('Hubei Seed Lotus 1')、'蓝天6号'('Blue Sky 6')、'寸三莲'('Cunsanlian')和'太空莲36号'('Space Lotus 36')以及1个子莲新品种'子莲1号'('Seed Lotus 1')为研究材料,比较其观赏性和莲子品质,并运用隶属函数法进行综合评价.结果表明:'金芙蓉1号'和'子莲1号'的花为粉红色,重瓣;其他7个子莲品种的花为白色或粉色,单瓣.'建选35号'的莲子百粒质量最高(470.35 g),'金芙蓉1号'和'子莲1号'的莲子百粒质量低于均值.'建选35号'的莲子为圆形,其他8个品种的莲子为椭圆形.'寸三莲'和'金芙蓉1号'的单蓬生莲率较高,分别为70.94％和69.39％.'建选35号'莲子中可溶性糖含量最高(6.20％),'鄂子莲1号'莲子中直链淀粉含量最低(21.13％),'金芙蓉1号'莲子中VC含量最高(98.61 mg·kg-1),'建选31号'和'建选17号'莲子中Ca含量较高(分别为1668.39和1637.11 mg·kg-1),'建选17号'莲子中P、Fe和Zn含量最高(分别为3790.21、28.79和19.87 mg·kg-1).'子莲1号'莲子中蛋白质和粗纤维含量最高,分别达11.55％和1.29％,多酚、水分和灰分含量与其他品种无显著差异,直链淀粉、支链淀粉、VC、Fe和Zn含量高于均值,可溶性糖、Ca和P含量低于均值.隶属函数分析结果显示:'金芙蓉1号'和'子莲1号'主要观赏性状和莲子品质相关指标的加权平均隶属函数值分别为0.62和0.58,位于前2位.综合研究结果显示:'金芙蓉1号'和'子莲1号'的花部观赏价值远高于其他品种,莲子品质符合食用要求,可作为赏食兼用型子莲品种.

本研究的主要目的是通过茎尖培养的技术手段来探索蝴蝶兰病毒的脱除问题,为建立工厂化无毒苗培养体系提供技术支撑.长期的工厂化生产,使蝴蝶兰经常感染各种病毒,导致叶片产生枯斑、褪绿、坏死等现象,使花朵畸形变色.其中建兰花叶病毒(CymMV)和齿兰环斑病毒(ORSV)是最常见的2种病毒.实验取已检测出含有CymMV和ORSV病毒的蝴蝶兰植株花梗,进行诱导丛生芽的培养,对丛生芽进行继代增殖形成组培苗用于脱毒处理.切取组培苗的茎尖顶端分生组织进行培养,茎尖长度在1～6mm之间,随着茎尖长度的增加,成活率上升,脱毒率明显降低.取2～3 mm组培苗茎尖,经0、10、20、30、40 mg/L的三氮唑核苷浸泡15 min处理和在含有相应浓度的三氮唑核苷培养基中培养30天后,继代培养形成再生植株.实验采用ELISA法对脱毒前的蝴蝶兰植株以及脱毒后的再生植株进行2种病毒检测,通过显色反应判断是否含有病毒病原.实验结果表明,蝴蝶兰脱毒苗的成活率随着三氮唑核苷浓度的增加而降低,当其浓度达到40 mg/L时,茎尖顶端分生组织出现严重的透明和褐变现象,未获得再生植株.而试管再生苗的脱毒率则随着三氮唑核苷浓度的升高而增加.在添加30mg/L的三氮唑核苷进行化学抑制病毒的处理后,可以比单纯使用茎尖培养的方式脱毒率提高22.3％.

以莲不同类型的顶芽和腋芽为外植体,开展芽的无菌离体再生组织培养.结果显示:莲的不同类型顶芽/腋芽离体培养效果不同,随着消毒时间的延长,A类型外植体污染率最低,B类型外植体污染率次之,C类型外植体污染率最高.A类型外植体成活率最低,B类型外植体次之,C类型外植体最高.外植体的不同灭菌试验表明,添加生物消毒剂(plant preservative mixture,PPM)后,污染率降低到27.77％.不同的细胞分裂素对初代培养的试验表明,添加3.0 mg/L KT时,诱导率达到74.43％,而且芽生长健壮,是比较适合的莲外植体诱导的激素浓度.

芡实是苏州"水八仙"之一,有悠久的栽培历史,并派生了丰富多彩的水乡文化.对苏州芡实栽培历史、文化发展进行了阐述,分析了苏州芡实产业目前存在的问题,并就苏州芡实产业发展中文化利用层面提出了建议,为充分挖掘苏州特色水生蔬菜芡实的文化资源,拓展、利用其休闲观光功能提供参考.

为进一步了解野生荷花资源的遗传特征,明确荷花育种亲本的遗传背景,以苏州市农业科学院荷花种质资源圃收集的15个野生荷花资源为材料,选择17对引物,包括15对SSR引物和2对cpSSR引物进行扩增,将扩增获得的结果用于构建野生荷花DNA指纹图谱,并开展遗传多样性分析.结果显示,15对SSR引物在15个野生荷花中共扩增位点72个,平均每对引物4.8个,其中多态性位点有72个,PPL为100％,PIC介于0.371～0.834之间;2对cpSSR引物共检测到9个单倍型位点,平均每对引物4.5个,其中多态性位点有8个,PPL为88.9％.野生荷花材料间遗传相似系数介于0.5309～0.9259之间,平均值为0.6762,采用UPGMA聚类,以系数0.6696为依据,可将供试的15个野生荷花分为3组.

采用表型性状和简单重复序列间扩增(ISSR)标记,对36个碗莲品种(系)进行遗传多样性分析.基于23个表型性状,品系间欧氏遗传距离系数平均值为7.78,范围在3.54 ～ 15.78间,聚类分析显示,以欧氏距离系数E=11.0,可将所有材料分为4组,其中32个聚在一个类群.基于10个ISSR引物,36个品系共获得62条扩增带,其中44条具有多态性,多态带百分率为71.0％,品系间的遗传相似性系数平均值为0.40,范围在0.10～0.71间,以遗传相似系数GS =0.60,可将所有材料分为3组.ISSR标记分析与表型性状分析都说明,碗莲资源遗传背景狭窄,互相间亲缘关系比较接近.

旨在筛选荷花淹水胁迫过程中表达稳定的内参基因,使不同胁迫处理下荷花目标基因的定量更为准确.以不同淹水胁迫时间的荷花叶片为材料,利用实时定量PCR技术验证5个植物常用内参基因,包括18S rRNA(18S)、actin(ACT)、elongation factor 1α(EF1α)、Histone H3(HIS)及β-tubulin(TUB)的表达水平,结合GeNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper软件对结果进行分析,对其表达稳定性进行评价.将优选的2个内参基因(18S和ACT)应用于荷花转录因子基因ERFB2-1(ethylene responsive factor B2-1)和ERFB2-2的淹水胁迫表达,结果显示表达趋势一致,验证了可靠性.本研究对荷花淹水胁迫过程中关键基因表达的qRT-PCR分析有重要的应用价值.

通过实现水稻全产业链协同优化、做好水稻多功能多元文化的挖掘和推广、创建苏州市级农业科技创新联盟等措施探讨,研究乡村振兴对水稻高质量发展具有的推动作用,提出能够推动苏州市水稻产业高质量发展的路径.

采用静态水培的方法,研究种植3个荷花品种秦淮花灯、荷塘情深、太空莲36号的富营养化水体和底泥中氮、磷含量的变化,比较不同品种间的生物性状和净化效果差异.结果表明,3个荷花品种的株高和地上部分干物质量均表现为太空莲36号＞荷塘情深＞秦淮花灯.秦淮花灯、荷塘情深、太空莲36号对底泥中的总氦去除率分别为30.24％、31.76％、37.90％,对总磷的去除率分别为35.37％、36.07％、44.71％;对水体中总氮的去除率分别为48.88％、61.67％、70.50％,对总磷的去除率分别为64.39％、76.20％、80.16％.3个荷花品种对铵态氮的去除率达到99％以上.太空莲36号对水体和底泥的净化效果较另外2个品种更好.

With 25 ornamental lotus cultivars as the research object, their growth phenology was observed under deep water cultivation. The results were as follows,21 cultivars was still flowering in deep water. According to the petiole height,flower height,flower diameter,leaf diameter and flowering duration,21 ornamental louts cultivars were divided into five major groups. The cultivars of extremely high petiole group were the same with those of extremely high flower group,those were'Dongrihong','Lianyungang Donghe','Jinfeng Zhanchi'. The leaf diameter,flower diameter of'Lianyungang Donghe' reached a very extremely high level,and also was a long-flowering species with a flower duration up to 118 days. In middle-height petiole group and middle-height petiole group,the flowering duration of"Hongjianlian"and"Xingkong Mudan" were respectively 112 and 123 days,reaching the level of long flowering duration. Ornamental lotus cultivated in deep water, according to the classification of phenotypic traits and quantitative traits,could provide abundant variety selection for wetland landscaping.

农业信息技术是传统农业向现代农业转变的主要手段之一.文章回顾了农业信息技术在江苏省农业现代化过程中的研究与应用进展,概括并总结了农业信息技术中农业遥感监测、农业信息获取与管理、农业信息平台建设、"互联网+农业"4个主要研究内容与应用现状.结合农业信息技术在推广应用过程中存在的问题进行分析,对未来农业信息技术的发展趋势进行了展望.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs with important regulatory functions in plant development and stress responses. However, their population abundance in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) has so far been poorly described, particularly in response to stresses. In this work, submergence-related miRNAs and their target genes were systematically identified, compared, and validated at the transcriptome-wide level using high-throughput sequencing data of small RNA, Mrna, and the degradome. A total of 128 known and 20 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed upon submergence. We identified 629 target transcripts for these submergence-responsive miRNAs. Based on the miRNA expression profiles and GO and KEGG annotation of miRNA target genes, we suggest possible molecular responses and physiological changes of lotus in response to submergence. Several metabolic, physiological and morphological adaptations-related miRNAs, i.e., NNU_far-miR159, NNU_gma-miR393h, and NNU_aly-miR319c-3p, were found to play important regulatory roles in lotus response to submergence. This work will contribute to a better understanding of miRNA-regulated adaption responses of lotus to submergence stress.

The effects of paclobutrazol with different mass concentrations (0-50 mg·L-1) on growth of cultivar 'Huohua' of bowl lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), and changes in some physiological indexes of leaves during paclobutrazol treatment period were studied, and analyses on subordinate function value and correlation were conducted. The results show that the paclobutrazol treatments with mass concentration of 10-50 mg·L-1 inhibit the growth of cultivar'Huohua' of bowl lotus. With increasing of mass concentration of paclobutrazol, number, length, width and height of standing leaves, diameter and height of flowers, and total flower number generally decrease gradually, and in general, there is a significant difference with the control group ( paclobutrazol with mass concentration of 0 mg·L-1 ) . With prolonging of treatment time, change trends in malondialdehyde ( MDA) content, peroxidase ( POD) activity and polyphenol oxidase ( PPO) activity in leaves in paclobutrazol treatment groups with mass concentration of 10-50 mg·L-1 are different. Soluble protein content and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity in leaves in paclobutrazol treatment groups with mass concentration of 10-50 mg · L-1 , and catalase ( CAT) activity in leaves in paclobutrazol treatment groups with mass concentration of 10, 20 and 30 mg·L-1 generally increase at first and then decrease, while CAT activity in leaves in paclobutrazol treatment groups with mass concentration of 40 and 50 mg·L-1 shows a tendency to decrease gradually. The correlation analysis result shows that the correlation among subordinate function values of growth indexes, and the correlation of subordinate function values of soluble protein content and POD activity in leaves with those of growth indexes of cultivar'Huohua' of bowl lotus are generally significant at 0. 05 or 0. 01 level. It is suggested that paclobutrazol treatments with mass concentration of 10, 20 and 30 mg·L-1 can effectively control the growth of cultivar 'Huohua ' of bowl lotus, and improve its ornamental property. The growth indexes, soluble protein content and POD activity in leaves could be used as reliable and simple indicators to judge the dwarf effect of cultivar 'Huohua' of bowl lotus.

甲烷是大气中主要的温室气体之一,稻田是农业生态系统中甲烷的主要排放源,而水稻植株是影响稻田甲烷排放的重要因素,因此研究水稻植株对稻田甲烷排放的影响对于保护大气环境、缓解温室效应具有非常重要的意义.从植株根系对稻田甲烷排放的影响、植株生长特性对稻田甲烷排放的影响、水稻产量潜力与稻田甲烷排放差异3个方面,对国内外水稻植株对稻田甲烷排放的影响研究做了较为详细的综述,并对稻田甲烷排放研究进行了展望.

2014—2015年，在江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所荷花种植资源圃内对20个碗莲品种进行夏季物候观测及春季花期调控，系统地研究自然花期与花期调控碗莲的始花期、群体花期及总花期间的变化，以及有效积温与花期的关系。结果表明：在自然条件、花期调控下，最早、最晚进入花期的品种相同，分别为小红领巾、魏夫人；在自然条件下，小红领巾分别于6月1日、6月20日最早进入初花期、群体花期，分别经历了60、79 d，魏夫人分别经历99、114 d最晚进入初花期、群体花期；在花期调控下，小红领巾从加温至初花期、群体花期分别经历了30、42 d，魏夫人于78 d进入初花期、88 d进入群体花期，可见花期调控可以使碗莲更快地进入花期。为满足“五一”节日碗莲最佳观赏期的需求，可筛选出60 d左右达到花期、开花数量较多的品种有13个，不同品种间花期有效积温变动幅度较大。

Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) plays a key role in plant carbohydrate metabolism and the perception of carbohydrate availability. In the present work, the publicly available Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) genome sequence database was analyzed which led to identification of nine lotus TPS genes (NnTPS). It was found that at least two introns are included in the coding sequences of NnTPS genes. When the motif compositions were analyzed we found that NnTPS generally shared the similar motifs, implying that they have similar functions. The dN /dS ratios were always less than 1 for different domains and regions outside domains, suggesting purifying selection on the lotus TPS gene family. The regions outside TPS domain evolved relatively faster than NnTPS domains. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using all predicted coding sequences of lotus TPS genes, together with those from Arabidopsis, poplar, soybean, and rice. The result indicated that those TPS genes could be clearly divided into two main subfamilies (I-II), where each subfamily could be further divided into 2 (I) and 5 (II) subgroups. Analyses of divergence and adaptive evolution show that purifying selection may have been the main force driving evolution of plant TPS genes. Some of the critical sites that contributed to divergence may have been under positive selection. Transcriptome data analysis revealed that most NnTPS genes were predominantly expressed in sink tissues. Expression pattern of NnTPS genes under copper and submergence stress indicated that NNU_014679 and NNU_022788 might play important roles in lotus energy metabolism and participate in stress response. Our results can facilitate further functional studies of TPS genes in lotus.

为分析荷花花色形成机理，以不同类型的14个荷花品种花瓣为材料，进行花色表型测定、花色素成分分析及花色苷稳定性鉴定。结果表明：荷花花色素的主要成分为类黄酮物质，包括黄酮、黄酮醇、二氢黄酮醇等，不含类胡萝卜素；红莲型和粉莲型荷花花色素含有花色苷类物质；复色莲型荷花含有微量的花色苷类物质，可能分布在花瓣尖部。花色苷稳定性试验显示，温度不超过50℃，花色苷含量不随温度升高而降低，而低pH值有利于荷花花色苷的稳定。本研究为阐明荷花花色形成的机理、利用基因工程培育新花色品种等提供了理论基础。

城市的快速发展给城市生态环境带来了严重的负面影响,城市绿地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,在改善城市生态环境、降温增湿等方面发挥着重要作用.科学合理地规划和配置城市绿地,对于改善城市小气候、建设生态城市具有重要的现实意义.该文从城市绿地的降温效应、增湿效应和人体舒适度3个方面,对国内外学者的相关研究进行评述,进而展望该领域未来的研究方向,为今后深入研究城市绿地降温增湿效应提供参考.

以荷花(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)品种‘太湖红莲’(‘Taihu Honglian’)和‘荷塘情深’(‘Hetang Qingshen’)为实验材料,以MDA含量、相对电导率、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、SOD活性和POD活性为指标,对经过5 C低温锻炼10 h后2个品种地下茎对0℃低温胁迫(0、2、4、6、8和10 h)的生理响应差异进行了分析,并比较了低温锻炼对2个荷花品种抗寒性的影响.结果表明:在低温胁迫条件下,随低温胁迫时间的延长(0 ～ 10 h),经低温锻炼的荷花品种‘太湖红莲’和‘荷塘情深’地下茎的MDA含量和相对电导率总体上呈逐渐升高的变化趋势,可溶性糖含量均呈“升—降—升”的变化趋势,SOD活性基本呈“升—降—升—降”的变化趋势,而POD活性则呈先上升后微幅波动的变化趋势;二者的脯氨酸含量变化趋势有一定差异,其中,前者的脯氨酸含量逐渐上升,而后者的脯氨酸含量则先升后降.经低温锻炼后,在低温胁迫条件下2个荷花品种的6项生理指标均与对照组(未进行低温锻炼)有一定差异;其中,品种‘太湖红莲’地下茎的MDA含量和相对电导率在低温胁迫的4～10h均显著低于对照组,品种‘荷塘情深’地下茎的相对电导率在低温胁迫的2～8h显著低于对照组,但其MDA含量则与对照组无显著差异;2个品种地下茎的脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量总体上显著高于对照组,而二者的SOD活性和POD活性也总体上高于对照组.综合分析结果显示:低温锻炼有助于减轻低温胁迫对荷花地下茎膜系统的伤害、增加细胞内渗透调节物质的含量、提高抗氧化酶活性,在一定程度上提高了荷花的抗寒性;经低温锻炼后品种‘太湖红莲’抗寒性的增幅大于品种‘荷塘情深’.

利用LI-6400便携式光合作用仪对江苏苏州32种园林植物的光合速率和蒸腾速率进行测定，并分析其水分利用特征。其中，垂丝海棠、枫杨、夹竹桃和紫荆4种植物的瞬时光合速率较高，分别为22．21、19．34、19．09、18．27μmol/（m2· s）。乐昌含笑、桂花、樟树和枫香4种植物的水分利用效率较高，分别为5．23、4．77、4．49、4．26；金叶女贞的水分利用效率最低，只有1．10。