为预防机场加油静电事故,将危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)引入机场加油过程静电危险因素辨识,并根据实际情况对HAZOP分析表作出改进,不仅提高了工作效率,而且充分发挥了其指向性强、识别危险因素全面的特点.根据机场加油系统的设备和工艺流程,划分出使用罐、管线、泵站、过滤棚、各类阀门、加油车、飞机油箱、污油罐、消防和导静电装置等8个分析节点.对过滤棚的辨识结果表明:滤芯是影响过滤棚静电安全的关键部件,需要进行重点检测和维护,流速、压力、温度、油品质量等参数的异常波动都隐藏着静电安全隐患,需要建立相应的监测记录制度.对机场加油过程进行客观全面的静电危险因素辨识,不仅为预防静电事故提供重要依据,而且为进一步的定量静电安全评价提供了分析材料,从基础上保证了后续评价的可信度.

The seismic response model for elevated oil pipeline in oil depot was established by use of ABAQUS software. Motion characteristics of straight pipe and Von-Mises stress distribution were studied. It was shown from the results that the motion of straight pipe in axial direction is influenced mainly by horizontal seismic wave which acts on the axial direction; the motion response on every points in the pipe are the same and the peak of Von-Mises stress in the pipe can be applied in study of response status of pipe under different conditions; the peak of Von-Mises stress is located at the joint of pipe and support which conforms to the result in statistics of earthquake damage.

Based on the statistics of the tank rupture accidents, the tank crackingcharacteristics and oil leakage flow distributionwere analyzed. According to the statistics of accidents, three typical formsof tank rupture were summarized,the location and reason of the oil tank crack were established. Consequences of the accident were analyzed, and the tank crackingleakage process was divided into two stages,theirflow field characteristics were researched respectively. With flat flow critical Reynolds number as the criterion, several Reynoldsnumbers of common oil for oil farm were calculated. It was concluded that the flowfieldof majority oil leakage was fully developed turbulence flow.

Oil pipeline is the important facility of military rear oil depot.For further research of seismic re-sponse of buried pipeline,soil spring analysis model was established based on finite element software Abaqus.Using orthogonal experiment method,several common types of pipelines in military rear oil depot were selected to calculate the seismic response.The influence of factors such as diameter of pipeline,wall thickness and inner pressure on the peak value of von Mises stress was studied.The results showed that the change of the von Mises stress of different types of pipelines under seismic action was basically the same,the peak value of von Mises stress appeared at the fixed end of pipeline;increasing the diameter of pipeline,the value of von Mises stress changed little;increasing the wall thickness,the peak value of von Mises stress reduced significantly;increasing the inner pressures,the peak value of von Mises stress re-duced.The results of the study has certain guiding significance on seismic design of pipeline.

When a large damage,such as rupture,occurs in long-distance buried pipeline,the method of local extrusion can be applied to crush the pipeline and block the oil flow quickly in a short time. In order to design steel pipeline extrusion throttle de-vice,the extruded deformation of X60 steel tube of 325 mm diameter and 6 mm thickness loaded by indenter of 18 mm width is ex-amined. The load-deformation curve of pipeline extrusion,the deformation length of pipeline,the spring back of pipeline after squashing and the plastic load of pipeline extrusion are obtained. The safety of pipeline extrusion is proved. Through experiment, the deformation behavior of pipeline after plastic failure is studied and the theoretical and practical reference for urgent repair of pipeline leakage is provided.

When large damage,such as rupture,occurs in long distance buried pipeline,the method of local extrusion is ap-plied to crush the pipeline and block the oil flow quickly in a short period of time. In order to design steel pipeline extrusion throttle device,a pipeline extrusion model loaded by opposed indenters is established based on the ANSYS Workbench and the numerical simulation of extruded deformation of the 45# steel pipeline of 159 mm in diameter and 5 mm in thickness is completed. The equiva-lent stress and displacement distribution laws,the deformation length and the load-deformation curve of pipeline extrusion are ob-tained. The results of the comparison between simulative data and the experimental data show that the model is in good agreement with the experiment. The theoretical and practical reference for urgent repair of pipeline leakage is provided.

Aimed at the phenomenon of leakage from the pinhole of a high-pressure buried natural gas pipeline leading to frozen soil, the model of natural gas pipeline pinhole leakage and stationary temperature field was built. An example was analyzed based on fluid and gas dynamics. The model of a transient temperature field was built and an example is analyzed based on Green. The results show that the natural gas pipeline pinhole leakage can lead to frozen soil in a little while. At thebeginning, the frozen soil's curtain increases rapidly. As time passes, the curtain increases slowly until it is transient. The higher the density of dry soil, the bigger the frozen soil's curtain. The more water contained in the soil, the bigger the frozen soil's curtain.

When large damage, such as rupture and leakage, occurs in buried pipeline, a steel pipeline extrusion throttle device is applied to crush the pipeline and block the oil flow quickly in a short time. An extrusion model under uniformly distributed radial load is established based on the theory of plastic deformation and the principle of virtual work. The pipeline plastic deformation is analyzed and computed and the pipeline extruding load is obtained. The extrusion of X60 steel tube of 325 mm diameter and 6 mm thickness loaded by indenter of 18 mm width is examined. The load-deformation curve of pipeline extrusion is obtained. The results of the comparison between experimental data and theoretical data show that the model is in good agreement with the experiment. This model can be used to calculate the extruding load of pipelines of different sizes and provide the theoretical and practical reference for urgent repair of pipeline leakage.