分别以240g/L虫螨腈悬浮剂1 000倍液、2 000倍液和45％毒死蜱乳油1 200倍液对桑树叶片喷雾,在药后第3天和第4天采集桑叶,开展家蚕饲毒试验,调查虫螨腈对家蚕的安全性.结果 显示,用经过240 g/L虫螨腈悬浮剂处理的桑叶饲喂家蚕,与清水对照相比,3龄家蚕幼虫死亡率、后期结茧率、死笼率和茧重等指标均未受明显影响.说明该药剂在试验设计剂量下对家蚕相对安全.而经对照药剂45％毒死蜱乳油处理的桑叶对家蚕致死率达80％以上,死笼率也明显上升.

为探究稻曲病对水稻的危害状况,调查了当地主栽品种秀水134的稻曲病田间发病程度,结果显示,稻曲病为害造成的水稻病穗曲果数以1～2粒为主,占调查总数的49.3％;3～4粒次之,单穗曲果数最高为8粒,仅占2％.室内考种分析发现,单穗曲果数与单穗实粒数、 结实率、 千粒重和出米率等指标呈极显著负相关,与产量损失率呈极显著正相关.

水稻黑尾叶蝉大发生时能造成水稻严重减产,直至颗粒无收.为筛选防治黑尾叶蝉的有效药剂,特进行5种杀虫剂的药效对比试验.结果表明,10％吡虫啉WP对黑尾叶蝉具有很好的防治效果,速效性、持效性兼顾,667 m2用量50 g,药后2周内防治效果稳定在90％以上,建议在生产上推广应用,使用时间为黑尾叶蝉低龄若虫期.

1%申嗪霉素悬浮剂对水稻纹枯病药效试验结果表明，1%申嗪霉素悬浮剂能够较好地控制病情，明显减轻产量损失，且防治效果显著优于对照药剂20%井冈霉素可湿性粉剂。

随着嘉兴市秀洲区工业化、城市化的进一步推进,大量农村劳动力向第二、三产业转移,因此,水稻植保迫切需要开展专业化统防统治服务。为提高秀洲区水稻专业化统防统治服务水平,分析了秀洲区开展水稻专业化统防统治服务的主要做法、取得的成效及存在的问题,并依此提出了相关发展建议,以供参考。

　　为了掌握浙江嘉兴各地灰飞虱对水稻条纹叶枯病毒的携带和传播规律，2006-2011年笔者采用生物测定法测定了灰飞虱对水稻条纹叶枯病病毒的传毒率，并对2008-2011年的灰飞虱采用斑点免疫法测定了其对该病毒的带毒率。检测结果表明，灰飞虱带毒率和传毒率在嘉兴不同县、市间均存在差异，且年份间高低有变化。

从严格标准,制定办法、加强宣传,正确引导；强化监督,确保质量3个方面介绍病虫害统防统治的监管措施,并简要分析实施有效监管以来取得的成效,以为更好地开展统防统治提供参考.

In order to determine the resistance stability of different rice cultivars to rice stripe virus in Jiaxing,the incidence rates of a series of major and new rice cultivars(lines) in the natural disease condition were investigated and compared in seedling and growing periods,and also in different years.The results showed that the resistance level of the rice cultivars kept consistent in seedling and growing periods,in which the incidence rates of HZ 586,Chunjiang 051,Jiahe 218 and Jiaheyou 555 were lower than other cultivars in both stages.The resistance level of the same cultivars changed slightly between years,but they were consistent in the general trend.For example,Zhejing 18 showed the lowest incidence rate both in 2010(0.87%) and 2011(0.36%).Theexperimental results show that the resistance of the tested rice cultivars to rice stripe virus remain stable basically in different growing periods and different years.

Plant height of the rice infected with rice black-streaked dwarf virus(RBSDV) varied significantly in different developing periods of black-streaked dwarf disease.Based on the correlation,five types of diseased plants were divided according to the different levels of plant height.Production per plant,effective tiller number,spike length,empty grains rate and thousand kernel weights of diseased rice plants were determined.Using the DPS software,the correlations between each value of parameters above and the type were analyzed;and values between different types were compared.The results showed that production per plant,effective tiller number,spike length and thousand kernel weights reduced as the dwarf increased while empty grains rate increased.Furthermore,significant differences were showed among different types of diseased rice.

在平板培养基上测定了化学药剂和生防菌对病原真菌疫霉和尖孢镰刀菌的抑制效果。结果表明,所选药剂具有较好的防治效果,以30%根府咛效果最佳;生防菌对2种病原菌具有很好的抑制效果。

介绍了嘉兴市秀洲区针对劳动力转移、农田管理区域性缺少劳动力等问题,提升统防统治的植保合作社档次的措施,并总结了其工作成效,以期推进统防统治工作顺利开展。

To understand the relationship between rice sowing date and occurrence of the rice small brown planthopper (SBPH) Laodelphax striatellus Fallen and the epidemics of the planthopper-transmitted rice stripe viral (RSV) disease, four sowing dates of rice were evaluated in 2006 and 2007. The results showed that the peak density of SBPH and RSV incidence in the nursery and in the transplanted field decreased with the delay of sowing date in single crop of japonica rice in north Zhejiang Province of China. The relationship between seedling RSV incidence at the end of the nursery trial with sowing date was well described by Weibull equation. The area under the curve of population dynamics (AUCPD or planthopper-day accumulation) or the peak density of the planthopper in the nursery could be summarized by a logistic equation. RSV incidence in the transplanted fields could be characterized quantitatively by a multivariate regression equation, including the variables of sowing date, peak density of the vector, and RSV incidence at the end of the nursery trial. That the descriptive model excluded the AUCPD in transplanted field implies that this variable is not necessary in forecasting disease epidemics in the field. The 2-year experiments sufficiently indicated that suitable sowing of rice could be used as one of the effective measures to control the vector population and therefore the planthopper-transmitted RSV on a larger scale. The optimal sowing date for the single-cropped transplanted japonica rice is recommended from late May to early June in north Zhejiang, China.

农药在粮食作物及经济作物上使用的初衷是为了消灭或减轻病虫害,提高作物产量.但高毒高残留农药,特别是有机磷农药(如敌敌畏、乐果)、有机氯农药(如六六六)毒性强,很容易造成人畜中毒,污染环境.有毒农药在给农产品造成直接污染的同时,一部分仍残留在土壤中,破坏了土壤内部的微生态:一部分随水流入水体,给饮用水和渔业生产带来了安全隐患;还有一部分造成大气的污染.动物源、微生物源农药是能够用来杀虫、灭菌、除草以及调节植物生长等的动物(或微生物)活体及其代谢产物,具有安全可靠、不污染环境、对人畜安全、原料丰富及成本低的特点,可以有效解决有毒农药带来的残留和污染问题,具有广阔的发展前景.

总结了嘉兴市秀洲区组建植保专业合作组织进行社会化服务的主要做法、取得的成效,分析了秀洲区植保专业化合作组织存在的问题,提出了今后的发展对策。

<正>近年来,灰飞虱种群密度持续上升,给农业生产带来巨大危害。为探索吡蚜酮对灰飞虱的防治效果,2008年笔者进行了吡蚜酮防治灰飞虱药效试验,现将结果报道如下。1材料及方法1.1供试药剂25%吡蚜酮WP(江苏安邦电化有限公司)。

[目的]研究特早熟晚粳秀水417作连晚种植的高产配套栽培技术。[方法]采用回归正交旋转组合设计方法,研究播栽期(X1),播种量(X2),基本苗(X3),氮化肥量(X4)和施氮比例(X5)因子对产量及其主要性状的作用效应,进行多元回归分析。[结果]播栽期显著影响齐穗期、每穗总粒数、结实率和产量;播种量对齐穗期、每穗总粒数和产量的效应显著;基本苗与单株分蘖、产量等8个目标性状均呈显著效应;纯氮量与齐穗期等6个性状效应显著;施氮比例主要影响每穗总粒数和产量。全因子模拟优化组合筛选单产≥6375kg/hm2的优化方案:播栽期07-12-14/08-1-3;播种量1158.4-1717.5kg/hm2;基本苗199.9万-208.5万/hm2;施纯氮123.0-130.2kg/hm2;氮化肥施用比例为基肥36.7%-38.3%,苗肥49.4%-50.6%,穗肥13.9%-11.1%。[结论]随播栽期延迟,要求秧田播种量减少,基本苗增加,纯氮量稳定,施氮比中基苗肥比例增加、穗肥比例减少。方案经生产验证拟合较好。

通过对采自浙江嘉兴各县区及湖州等10个地区的越冬代灰飞虱传播水稻条纹叶枯病毒的测定发现,不同地区的灰飞虱传毒率存在差异;灰飞虱不同虫态传毒率也不同.高龄若虫的传毒率明显高于长翅型和短翅型成虫,且3种虫态传毒率之比保持稳定.

近年来,水稻条纹叶枯病的发病率呈逐年上升的趋势,对水稻生产构成严重威胁.条纹叶枯病由携带病毒介体的灰飞虱传播,秧田期是灰飞虱传播病毒的主要时期,前几年我们在普查中发现水稻播种期、品种与条纹叶枯病存在密切关系.

通过2005~2007年灰飞虱灯下、田间种群数量消长变化调查和防治适期、防治药剂筛选试验等,明确嘉兴市水稻灰飞虱年发生6代,全年种群数量高峰在5月上、中旬和10月上、中旬。前者引起条纹叶枯病的流行,后者直接上穗为害。在水稻灰飞虱的防治上,苗期应以"治虫防病"为主,穗期应以"适期防治"为重点,在水稻齐穗后10 d左右应用毒死蜱、吡蚜酮等对口农药进行防治。

采用回归最优设计方法,研究了稻茬免耕栽培小麦的播种期、播种量、施氮量和各期施氮比例对产量等主要性状的作用效应。应用回归数学模型,进行栽培因子模拟优化组合筛选,获得高产最佳群体结构及性状指标,提出了单产≥4 875 kg/hm2的优化方案。即播种期11月10~14日,播种量118.3~135.6 kg/hm2,折施纯氮297.8~327.3 kg/hm2,氮化肥施用比例为基肥29.4%~34.5%,苗肥19.4%~24.5%,拔节肥30.6%~25.5%,保花肥20.6%~15.5%。方案经生产验证拟合较好。