解决加工转化问题和机械化问题是青海蚕豆产业转型的重要途径,青蚕19号是青海大学农林科学院选育的适宜机械化生产的首个绿子叶加工型高产蚕豆品种,2019年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记,品种登记编号为GPD蚕豆(2019) 630007,同年由农业农村部授予植物新品种权,品种权证号:CNA201800809.9.对青蚕19号的选育过程、品种特性和产量性状以及栽培技术要点进行介绍,为品种种业开发、生产推广、加工利用提供技术指导.

为有效减少蚕豆赤斑病对青海省蚕豆产量及品质的影响,本研究自2016年至2019年,在大田自然发病条件下,对22份蚕豆种质资源在3个地点进行10次测试,调查划分蚕豆单株病害等级,获得该地点病情指数,以病情指数为依据鉴定蚕豆抗赤斑病性,从而分析22份蚕豆资源的抗病情况.结果表明:22份种质资源中,6份蚕豆种质资源在10次测试中均表现中抗(MR)以上,其余15份种质资源在测试中出现了不同次数的感病(S)情况,1份种质资源出现高感(HS)的情况.本研究结果分析发现6份抗病性比较稳定的蚕豆种质资源可优先推荐给蚕豆育种家作为抗性育种材料,为进一步研究蚕豆抗赤斑病基因提供材料和理论基础.

蚕豆具有粮、菜、饲和肥兼用的作物,是现代农业发展必需的优势作物之一,生长习性是制约机械化生产、蚕豆规模化种植和持续高效发展的重要因素.蚕豆青蚕16号是2018年由青海大学农林科学院以地方品种马牙为母本,以引进有限型种质Flip88-243FB为父本杂交选育的适应机械化收获的有限生长型新品种,品种登记号为GPD蚕豆(2019)630005,获植物新品种保护权证,证号:CNA20130685.3.该品种可应用于高海拔地区的粮食、蔬菜以及与其它优势作物构建轮作体系.同时,利用青蚕16号有限基因改良菜用蚕豆、观赏型蚕豆,培育适于多元化产业的蚕豆新品种.

蚕豆是我国重要的食用豆类之一,也是青海省区域种植业结构调整和农牧民增收的优势作物,选育适于产业发展需求的专用蚕豆品种,对于区域农业经济发展具有重要意义.青蚕15号是青海省首次杂交选育并获植物新品种保护授权的高蛋白蚕豆品种,蛋白质含量31.19％,是青海11号的121.55％.该品种的推广应用对于促进青海蚕豆产业结构调整,构建多元化产业模式具有重要的支撑作用.

In order to effectively excavate and utilize faba bean resources,the genetic diversity of 102 varieties(lines)and elite collections of faba bean in China were analyzed by SSR markers.The results indicated that 937 alleles were detected with 9.46 alleles per locus ranging from 4 to 19.The polymorphism information content(PIC)ranged from 0.38 to 0.88 with the mean value of 0.63.The effective number of alleles ranged from 1.79 to 9.22 with the mean value of 3.41.The Shannon index ranged from 0.79 to 2.44 with the mean value of 1.45.The 102 accessions were clustered into spring sowing ecological type and autumn sowing ecological type according to the genetic distances based on neighbor-joining method.The genetic diversity of faba bean varieties (lines)from different origins and elite collections showed that elite collections>Qinghai varieties(lines)>Yunnan varieties>Jiangsu varieties.The population genetic structure and principal component analysis showed that all the accessions were divided into 3 subgroups associated with characteristics of the narrow ecological adaptability and the strong regional ecology.Three subgroups were subgroup 1 including varieties from Yunnan and a small number of elite collections;subgroup 2 including all varieties(lines)from Qinghai;subgroup 3 including major elite collections and all bred varieties from Jiangsu.These results have provided important references for breeding new varieties and germplasm innovation of faba bean.

This technology of plastic film mulching was applied in faba bean, to effectively integrated‘Qinghai No.13’ into the rained agricultural system, and improving the production capacity. It is important for effectively expanding the broad bean planting area in Qinghai. In arid agricultural areas plastic mulching and bareness planting was used and analyses the yield-increasing effect of‘Qinghai No.13’plastic mulching. The results was showed that the plastic mulching improved significantly soil temperature and soil moisture in plough player, the average soil temperature increased 2.4℃, soil moisture increased by 14.1%. It is good for cultivating strong seedling and growth, made growth period earlier about 1 week. The dry matter accumulation was increased significantly by 148.14% in maturity of‘Qinghai No.13’. Number of pods per plant, grain number per plant and yield increased respectively by 121.7%, 87.4% and 87.4%, so that the yields of‘Qinghai No.13’was increased by 23.55%after plastic mulching cultivation.

地膜覆盖种植技术作为旱作农业区的抗旱保墒、促进增产增收的关键技术之一,在我国北方旱作区已被广泛推广应用.旱地蚕豆覆膜栽培技术就是在一定规格的垄面上秋季或春季覆膜后,春季直接在膜面点播蚕豆,具有全生育期增温、保墒、保肥、抑制杂草生长等特点的一项农业增效、农民增收的实用技术. 互助县蚕豆种植面积常年稳定在5 333 hm2左右,由于受地理环境所限、农业基础设施条件差、干旱严重等因素的影响,极大地制约了蚕豆种植规模的扩大和单产的提高.

介绍了高原地区蚕豆新品种青海12号标准化生产技术,主要包括生产基地选择、精细整地、播种、田间管理、病虫害防治、适时收获及贮藏等内容,以期为该品种的推广种植提供参考。

总结了青海省农业技术推广现状,针对农技推广中存在的问题,提出了发展对策,以期促进青海省农业技术推广工作的开展。

从播种育苗、苗期管理、定植前准备、定植、田间管理、病虫害防治和采收等方面介绍了日光温室早春娃娃菜栽培技术,以期为高寒地区日光温室早春娃娃菜的栽培提供参考。

<正>蚕豆是我国重要的出口豆类,其中青海、甘肃、宁夏等我国春蚕豆区是大粒蚕豆出口的重要生产基地,年出口量达到我国蚕豆出口总量的50%～60%,青海蚕豆无虫蛀和病斑、种皮光亮,在国际市场上享有美誉。

从种质资源鉴定和评价,育种基础理论和技术与方法等方面论述了蚕豆育种研究进展,提出了我国蚕豆育种前景和发展方向。

就洋蓟在互助县的生长特性和种植技术要点进行了总结和阐述。

对青海省第三次搜集的100份蚕豆地方品种资源的生态型和地理分布特点进行了分析,结果表明,海北地区蚕豆资源表现为中、早熟品种,各占资源总数的37.5%、43.75%,株体较矮,平均株高99.6 cm,分枝力较强,平均有效枝数为4.2个,籽粒较小。其它地区的蚕豆资源表现为中晚熟,占资源总数的80%以上,植株中等,籽粒较大,分枝力一般等特点。

The effect of improvement and genetic variation of weight of 100-seeds was analysised on faba bean to cross between Qinghai varieties and foreign variety in this paper,the result showed the weight of 100-seed is central type in F1,heterobeltiosis or no advantage,it is related with sizes of different parents seeds and female genetic.Cross parents is selected in improvement of faba bean varieties,based on aim of breeding.In addition this combinations will be made up by marked different parents,so better effect of improvement for weights of colony 100-seed will be happened in F2,because of more separations.

Spring wheat and carrot were interplanted in irrigation region of Huzhu.The results showed wheat yield was 6.525t·hm~(-2)averege.The highest yield was 7.16t·hm~(-2).Pure Income average was 7335 yuan·hm~(2).Carrot average yield was 33.11t hm~(-2).The highest was 39.6t·hm~(-2).Pure income was 9182.2yuan·hm~(-1).The sum pure income were 16517.2 yuan·hm~(-2).

The interplant technique of bean and carrot on variety selection,seed handle,sowing,handle of plant and control disease and pest were introduced,after interplant,the output value per unit area increased about 7000—8000 yuan per ha.

本文分析了面对社会主义市场经济发展要求,青海蚕豆产业持续高效发展的理论依据,并联系实际,提出了可以推进青海蚕豆产业化进程和稳步发展的实践和对策,对于发展青海特色农业经济具有指导作用.

文中介绍了多层次灰色综合评判模型在农作物育种中的应用,并以文献[3]的油菜区域试验结果资料为例,验证了该模型在农作物育种中应用的可行性.