本试验以龙薯9号为材料,研究薯苗类型和种植密度对鲜食型甘薯生长发育及块根产量形成的影响.结果表明:大田苗返苗早、生长快,块根形成时间早于苗床苗.栽后40 d,相同密度条件下,大田苗的单株基部分枝数、最长蔓长、单株叶片数均显著高于苗床苗;相同薯苗类型条件下,最低密度处理的最长蔓长和单株叶片数显著高于最高密度处理.收获时,与苗床苗相比,大田苗鲜薯产量、商品薯产量、单株薯重、单株结薯数和单株商品薯数均显著提高,商品薯数量占比、平均单薯重、平均单块商品薯重和平均单块商品薯直径显著降低.在一定密度范围内,鲜薯产量、商品薯产量随密度增加而增加,单株薯重、单株商品薯块数、平均单薯重、平均单块商品薯重随密度增加而下降.

齐宁 20 号是优质食用型紫甘薯品种,萌芽性好,出苗量多,薯苗茎较细.为了提高齐宁 20 号的薯苗品质,研究不同排种密度对出苗数量和薯苗质量的影响.结果表明:适当降低排种密度可以获得较高的百苗质量,与常规排种密度 15.0 kg/m2 相比,排种密度为 12.5、10.0 kg/m2 时,采苗数量分别增加 38.46%、21.79%,总投入减少8.27%、23.89%,纯收益增加 76.05%、58.58%.齐宁 20 号适宜稀排,排种密度为 10.0～12.5 kg/m2 时,既可以获得健康壮苗,又可以获得更高的经济效益.

齐宁17号是济宁市农业科学研究院以渝紫薯7号为母本,经计划集团杂交选育而成.该品种具有鲜薯产量高、抗病性好、适应性广、食味优等特点,2019年通过国家非主要农作物品种登记.在山东省区域试验中,齐宁17号熟食味黏、糯、香、甜,食味总评分75.0分,比对照品种济薯21高5分,综合评价口感好,食味优.适宜在山东省及周边甘薯产区作为春、夏薯种植.本文作者从特征特性、产量表现及栽培技术方面对甘薯新品种齐宁17号进行了介绍.

本试验以鲜食型甘薯徐薯32为材料,在当地甘薯田氮肥常规施用量(纯氮90.0 kg/hm2)的基础上适当减少用量,研究减氮条件下腐植酸尿素和普通尿素对甘薯生长、产量形成及肥料利用率的影响.结果表明:腐植酸尿素、普通尿素处理比常规施肥量减少15.38％ ～24.61％条件下,甘薯鲜薯产量显著提高8.47％ ～12.06％,商品薯产量显著提高5.08％～17.38％;等氮量条件下,腐植酸尿素处理的鲜薯、商品薯产量最高比普通尿素处理分别提高3.31％、11.70％,氮肥农学利用率提高9.99％～52.98％;在等氮量条件下,与普通尿素相比,腐植酸尿素不仅能保障甘薯高产稳产,还能提高其氮肥农学利用率和偏生产力,达到节肥增效、减少对环境污染的目的.

为了筛选出防治甘薯田蛴螬的理想药剂,以优质鲜食型甘薯新品种齐宁18号为试材,在蛴螬严重发生的甘薯试验田选用辛硫磷、氟虫腈、苦参碱、绿僵菌和白僵菌等药剂对蛴螬进行防治试验.结果表明,在甘薯栽秧时穴施10％吡虫啉微胶囊剂或5％氟虫腈悬浮剂,均对蛴螬具有良好的防治效果,10％吡虫啉微胶囊剂用药量4500和6750 mL/hm2时,对蛴螬的防治效果分别为71.93％和85.96％,显著高于其他药剂,且显著提高了甘薯的商品率.经农药残留检测部门检测,试验所用药剂均在甘薯薯块中无残留.

齐宁18号是以济薯26为母本,经放任授粉选育而成的食用型紫甘薯品种.2017—2018年参加国家甘薯产业技术体系北方夏薯区组新品系多点鉴定试验,2年平均鲜薯、薯干产量分别为1667.8、447.3 kg/666.7 m2,比对照宁紫薯1号分别增产12.67％和22.75％,食味总评74.9分,比对照高3.4分.2018—2019年参加国家甘薯产业技术体系鲜食及食品加工型甘薯品种评价筛选试验,平均鲜薯、薯干产量分别为2976.7、902.3 kg/666.7 m2,食味总评74.2分.品质分析表明,鲜薯中花青素、膳食纤维、黄酮质量分数分别为205.40、76.50、2.42 mg/kg;干基淀粉、蛋白质、可溶性糖质量分数分别为59.86％、4.94％和12.57％.高抗茎线虫病和蔓割病,中抗黑斑病.齐宁18号具有鲜薯产量高、抗病性好、适应性广、食味优等优点,2019年通过国家非主要农作物品种登记.

甘薯是济宁市泗水县、邹城东部和曲阜东南部的山丘地区传统的种植作物,鲜薯常年销往东北三省及上海、山西、内蒙等地,种植面积大,但是由于历年来对甘薯生产的不重视,导致了甘薯产量多年来徘徊不前.为加快济宁地区甘薯产业的发展,文章阐述了甘薯的发展现状、存在的主要问题及对策.

以鲜食型甘薯品种郑薯20为材料,通过大田试验,研究活性腐植酸复合肥料在甘薯上的应用效果.结果 表明,与施用等价值氮磷钾复合肥料相比,活性腐植酸复合肥料能促进甘薯生长发育,增加单株薯重,显著降低收获期甘薯T/R值,显著提高块根可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量,而且鲜薯增产显著,并提高了甘薯商品薯率和氮、磷、钾肥的农学利用率.

为提高烟薯25茎尖培养成苗率,以烟薯25组培苗为实验材料,研究不同浓度6-BA和NAA对烟薯25茎尖培养成苗的影响.结果表明:MS+-NAA 0.10 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L最适宜茎尖愈伤组织诱导,MS+ NAA 0.05mg/L+6-BA 2.5 mg/L最适宜茎尖愈伤组织提前集中培养成苗,成苗率高达90.5％.

文章主要介绍了鲁南地区甘薯保护地高效栽培模式,该模式主要选择早熟甘薯品种龙薯9号,采用双膜种植或三膜种植2种保护地种植方式,通过鲜薯+薯苗生产销售模式和鲜薯单一生产销售模式2种生产方式,甘薯100～120 d可以获得经济效益8 000～10 000元/亩左右.采用甘薯保护地高效栽培模式,不仅大大提高了甘薯种植效益,有效的满足鲜薯周年供应的需求,而且在一定程度上还解决了5月份薯苗供应紧张问题.

2009-2015年对甘薯新品种徐薯27进行了综合鉴定,该品种在鲁南丘陵地区表现高产、稳产,商品性好.从壮苗培育、高剪苗应用、适期早栽、合理密植、地膜覆盖、新型腐植酸肥料应用、膜下滴灌、机械收获等方面研究了徐薯27高产高效栽培技术,形成了良种良法配套措施.徐薯27在鲁南地区济宁市的邹城、泗水、曲阜等县市,临沂市的平邑县、费县,枣庄市的山亭区等周边地区表现良好,种植效益较高,深受当地种植户欢迎,已成为当地主栽甘薯品种之一.

Using the sweet potato variety Jishu 25 as material, the experiment on nitrogen application rate was carried out in barren hilly regions of southern Shandong Province.The nitrogen application rates were set as 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 and 225 kg/hm2, and their effects on growth and yield of sweet potato were studied to analyze the relations of source and sink and to make sure the suitable nitrogen rate.The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen rates, both fresh and dry yields of root tubers increased firstly and then decreased, and they reached the highest as 34 673.4 kg/hm2 and 12 974.7 kg/hm2 respectively at 135 kg/hm2 of nitrogen rate.With the increase of nitrogen, the leaf fresh weight per plant increased, and the equilibrium point of growth had a delayed trend.When the nitrogen application rate was 135 kg/hm2, the fresh and dry weight of root tuber per plant, root tuber thickening rate, net income, input-output ratio and nitrogen use rate all reached the maximum as 774.5 g, 289.82 g, 6.22 g/d, 24 619.5 yuan/hm2, 360.1% and 92% respectively.After comprehensive analysis, the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application rate for sweet potato was 135 kg/hm2 in the barren hilly regions of southern Shandong Province.

A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different types and rates of potassium fertilizer on growth and yield of sweet potato, potassium sulfate and potassium chloride were selected as test materials. The results showed that the applying of potassium fertilizer improved fresh weight of root tube per plant, increased yield of sweet potatoes and im-proved marketable tuber percentage, but there was no significant difference for the rate of dry root. Under the conditions of this test, both potassium sulfate and potassium chloride treatments had the maximum commodity yield ( 31690. 8 and 30363. 4 kg/hm2 ) and fresh yield (33439. 7 and 32740. 4 kg/hm2 ) when applying K2 O 135 kg/hm2 . There was no ob-vious difference for the fresh yield between potassium sulfate treatment and potassium chloride treatment with K2 O application of 90~135 kg/hm2 .

The efficacy of two herbicides (96% s-metolachlor EC and 33% pendimethalin EC)combined with plastic film mulching cultivation for controlling weeds in sweet potato fields was studied.Both black plastic film mulching cultiva-tion and the two herbicides effectively controlled weeds in sweet potato fields.All treatments provided more than 85%control at 30 days after treatment,the best control being obtained with the black plastic mulching treatment.At 45 days after treatment,black plastic mulching and 33%pendimethalin EC effectively controlled weeds above 90%based on total strain and fresh weight.The use of plastic film mulching or herbicides increased fresh tuber yields.Compared with the CK,black plastic mulching significantly increased tuber yield by 28%as well as transparent plastic film mulching combed with herbicides that increased yield by 18%to 21%whereas herbicides without plastic film mulching only increased yield by 5% to 7%.Adoption of black plastic film cultivation should be promoted in sweet potato production for effectively controlling weeds and increasing fresh tuber yield.

Using the sweet potato variety Shangshu 19 as material,under the medium soil fertility condi-tion,five nitrogen levels (0,2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0 kg per 666.7m2 )were set to study their effects on fresh tuber yield,dry yield and nitrogen use efficiency.The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the equilibrium point of aboveground and underground growth had a delayed trend,and the fresh tuber yield increased first and then decreased.The treatment of 2.5 kg nitrogen per 666.7m2 had the highest fresh tu-ber yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency,and the yield increased by 9.46% compared with the control.

Field plot experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and selectivity of acetochlor , oxyfluorfen , and pendimethalin in sweet potato ,.All treatments were selective to sweet potato .Acetochlor 50%EC (4 500 mL/hm2 ) bet-ter controlled Gramineae weeds 30 d and 45 d after spraying whereas oxyfluorfen 24%EC (1 500 mL/hm2 ) was more ef-fective on broadleaf weeds .Acetochlor 50%EC ( 4 500 mL/hm2 ) and oxyfluorfen 24%EC at 750 mL/hm2 and 1 500 mL/hm2 at 30 days after application provided 73%,66%,and 84% weed control,which increased to 87%,84%,and 89% at 45 days,respectively.Based on fresh weight the respective control levels were 93%,97%,and 98%.Both herbi-cides effectively controlled weeds in sweet potato fields .

Through two-year test in 201 1 ~2012,three new sweet potato varieties with high yield and fertilizer resistance and suitable for planting in southern Shandong,Xushu 22,Shangshu 19 and Xushu 27, were screened out.Their fresh yield and dry matter yield all increased by over 20% compared with CK,and the dry matter yield per hectare was more than 15 000 kg.Three new sweet potato varieties with high yield and barren resistance,Xushu 27,Jishu 25 and Jishu 21,were screened out.And their fresh yield and dry matter yield all increased by over 10% compared with CK.One new sweet potato variety with high quality and good taste,Yanshu 25,was screened out.The fresh yield increased by over 20%compared with CK.It tasted bet-ter after cooking,and the promotion index was 82.0.

甘薯是我国主要的粮食作物之一，2006-2010年我国甘薯种植面积保持在370万hm2，年均产量7800万t，分别占世界甘薯种植面积和总产的45.1%和75.3%。甘薯营养丰富，含有大量的淀粉、糖、蛋白质及各种维生素、矿物质、膳食纤维。随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，甘薯的营养保健功能逐渐被人们所认知，鲜薯的消费量逐渐增加，甘薯种植效益提高，农民种植甘薯的积极性进一步提高。在适当贮藏条件下，甘薯可保存数月，做到周年供应。甘薯促早栽培既可以延长鲜甘薯供应周期，又可提高甘薯种植效益。近年来，国内已选育出了多个早熟型甘薯新品种，具有以下特点：株型好，能充分利用光能，蔓短，耐肥，不易徒长；生育前期地上部和地下部同时生长，蔓薯比值（T/R值）出现1的时间早，降低速度慢；薯形美观，结薯早，品质好，商品薯多，易于出售，能获得较高经济效益；生育期短，90~120d即可收获，产量较高且稳定。

The effects of uniconazole on growth and yield of Yanshu 25 were studied by foliage spraying uniconazole at the 50th( T50),65th( T65) and 80th( T80) after planting respectively. The dosage of uniconazole was 15. 0 g/hm2,and its concentration was 25 mg/kg. The results showed that compared with CK,the average vine length of T50,T65 and T80 reduced by 32. 5%,17. 4% and 10. 7% and the fresh yield increased by 9. 97%,3. 14% and 3. 59% respectively. The commodity sweet potato yield of T50 was the highest and increased by 10. 61%. It could be inferred that foliage spraying uniconazole could effectively control the vine growth and increase the fresh and commodity yield of Yanshu 25. And spraying at the 50th day after planting had the best effect.

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of two kinds of soil conditioners( montmorillonite and medical stone) on growth,development and yield of garlic. The results showed that the application of the two conditioners could increase the plant height,stem diameter,leaf number,leaf area and yield of garlic and garlic bolts,and reduce the occurrence of garlic leaf blight. Compared to CK,the yield of garlic and garlic bolts could be increased by 11. 0% and 19. 0% with montmorillonite and 8. 5% and 4. 9% with medical stone respectively. The effect of montmorillonite was better than that of medical stone.