In recent years, low temperature has seriously threatened the citrus industry. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance the absorption of nutrients and water and tolerance to abiotic stresses. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of low-temperature stress on citrus (trifoliate orange, Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) with AMF (Diversispora epigaea D.e). The results showed that AMF inoculation significantly increased plant growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic parameters. Compared with 25 °C, −5 °C significantly increased the relative conductance rate and the contents of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, soluble sugar soluble protein, and proline, and also enhanced the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, but dramatically reduced photosynthetic parameters. Compared with the non-AMF group, AMF significantly increased the maximum light quantum efficiency and steady-state light quantum efficiency at 25 °C (by 16.67% and 61.54%), and increased the same parameters by 71.43% and 140% at −5 °C. AMF also significantly increased the leaf net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate at 25 °C (by 54.76% and 29.23%), and increased the same parameters by 72.97% and 26.67% at −5 °C. Compared with the non-AMF treatment, the AMF treatment significantly reduced malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content at 25 °C (by 46.55% and 41.29%), and reduced them by 28.21% and 29.29% at −5 °C. In addition, AMF significantly increased the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline at 25 °C (by 15.22%, 34.38%, and 11.38%), but these increased by only 9.64%, 0.47%, and 6.09% at −5 °C. Furthermore, AMF increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase at 25 °C (by 13.33% and 13.72%), but these increased by only 5.51% and 13.46% at −5 °C. In conclusion, AMF can promote the growth of the aboveground and underground parts of trifoliate orange seedlings and enhance their resistance to low temperature via photosynthesis, osmoregulatory substances, and their antioxidant system.

Accurate monitoring and assessment of forest disturbance and recovery dynamics are essential for sustainable forest management, particularly in ecological transition zones. This study analyzed forest disturbance and recovery patterns in China’s Funiu Mountains from 1991 to 2020 by integrating the LandTrendr algorithm with space-time cube analysis. Using Landsat time series data and the Geodetector method, we examined both the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving factors of forest change across three periods. The results showed that (1) between 1991 and 2020, the study area experienced 131.19 km2 of forest disturbance and 495.88 km2 of recovery, with both processes most active during the 1990s; (2) spatiotemporal analysis revealed that both disturbance and recovery patterns were predominantly characterized by cold spots, suggesting relatively stable forest conditions despite localized changes; (3) human activities were the primary drivers of forest disturbance in the early period, while forest recovery was consistently influenced by the combined effects of topographic conditions and precipitation. Additionally, forest fires emerged as an important factor affecting both disturbance and recovery patterns after 2010. These findings enhance our understanding of forest dynamics in transition zones and provide empirical support for regional forest management strategies. The results also highlight the importance of considering both spatial and temporal dimensions when monitoring long-term forest changes.

Soil carbon (C) is important to support sustainable agriculture, affect global C cycling, and influence the climate system. Manure fertilization is an important and widely used practice to increase agricultural productivity and soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, whereas its effect on soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and total C in deep soils is not reported. This knowledge gap restricts our ability to accurately evaluate C budget in agricultural soils because SIC in deep soils accounts for more than half of the global soil C pools, while current earth system models rarely take them into account. Herein, we examined changes of soil C along 0- to 3.0-m depth after 35 years of application of manure in a dryland agricultural ecosystem. We also measured C concentrations in soil samples (0-0.2 m) from 1985 to 2019 to evaluate C dynamics in topsoils. The objective was to understand how SIC and SOC in deep soils respond to manure fertilization in semiarid ecosystem, where SIC accounts for a large fraction of total C. We showed a divergent effect of 35 years of manure application on SOC and SIC in 0-3.0 m soil from a dryland agricultural ecosystem. Either within or across the two cropping systems examined, manure increased SOC in top 0.8 m layer but decreased SIC in 0.8-3.0 m layer, which offset SOC increase and resulted in 63.8 Mg ha-1 decrease of total C in 0-3.0 m soil layer. Given the importance of soil C for sustainable agriculture and that drylands contain 80% of the global SIC and similar to 50% of world cropland, immediate attention should be paid to such divergent effects in both mechanisms understanding and model prediction. Manure increased soil organic carbon (SOC) (+15.6%) in top 0.8 m layer. Manure decreased soil inorganic carbon (SIC) (-21.5%) in 0.8-3.0 m layer. Decreased SIC offset increased SOC and resulted in total C loss in 0- to 3.0-m depth.

Soil microbiomes play important roles in supporting agricultural ecosystems. However, it is still not well-known how soil microbiomes and their functionality respond to fertilization in various cropping systems. Here we examined the effects of 36 years of phosphorus, nitrogen, and manure application on soil bacterial communities, functionality and crop productivity in three contrasting cropping systems (i.e., continuous leguminous alfalfa (AC), continuous winter wheat (WC), and grain-legume rotation of winter wheat + millet - pea - winter wheat (GLR)) in a highland region of China’s Loess Plateau. We showed that long-term fertilization significantly affected soil bacterial communities and that the effects varied with cropping system. Compared with the unfertilized control, fertilization increased soil bacterial richness and diversity in the leguminous AC system, whereas it decreased those in the GLR system. Fertilization, particularly manure application, enlarged the differences in soil bacterial communities among cropping systems. Soil bacterial communities were mostly affected by the soil organic carbon and nitrogen contents in the WC and GLR systems, but by the soil available phosphorous content in the AC system. Crop productivity was closely associated with the abundance of fertilization-responsive taxa in the three cropping systems. Our study highlights that legume and non-legume cropping systems should be disentangled when assessing the responses of soil microbial communities to long-term fertilizer application.

Soil erosion and deposition dramatically affect the biogeochemical cycle of terrestrial ecosystem, while how the microbial communities and soil multiple functions responds to soil erosion, particularly following deposition, are rarely addressed. Such knowledge gap hinders our comprehensively understanding about biogeochemistry cycling, the development of sustainable soil management practices and the restoration of degraded lands in an eroding environment. Herein, we compared the bacterial communities in the eroding, depositional, and adjacent non-eroding forest zones in the China’s Loess Plateau to explore how erosion and deposition alter soil bacterial communities and multifunctionality. We used the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to assess bacterial richness and community composition and analyzed co-occurrence networks to elucidate the associations among microbes. We also measured a series of soil functional parameters to assess soil multifunctionality and analyzed the relationship between soil multifunctionality and bacterial community structures. While erosion significantly reduced soil bacterial richness and multifunctionality, much of this loss was recovered in the depositional zone, with greater values in depositional zone than eroding zone. Soil erosion and subsequent deposition significantly decreased the complexity and connectivity of bacterial co-occurrence network compared with the forest. Soil multifunctionality was regulated by bacterial richness, community compositions and network complexity. Random forest modeling showed specific ecological clusters were the optimal predictors of multifunctionality, which was positively affected by Acidobacteria dominated network module but negatively affected by Actinobacteria dominated network module. This study suggests deposition can alleviate negative impacts of erosion on bacterial community richness and soil multifunctionality, and thus would be helpful for developing sustainable soil management and restoring degraded lands in eroding environments.

Cropping systems and fertilization have important effects on soil organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) turnover and availability; however, little information exists about the interaction of cropping system and fertilization. Herein, we analyzed the dynamics of soil OC and N in a 31-year experiment in a highland agroecosystem to understand how the effects of fertilization vary with cropping systems. The experiment included different cropping systems, and each system included various fertilization treatments. The cropping systems were continuous alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and grain-legume rotation of winter wheat + millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) - pea (Pisum sativum L.) - winter wheat. The fertilization treatments were the control (CK), phosphorous (P), P and nitrogen (NP) and NP and manure (NPM). A bare fallow treatment that did not receive any crop and fertilizer was designed to compare the effects of the cropping systems. The soil samples were collected at different times of the experiment. The contents of OC, N, and labile OC were measured, and the carbon management index was calculated. When averaged across the experimental periods, soil OC, N, labile OC and carbon management index were significantly higher in the pure legume (i.e., continuous alfalfa) system than in the bare fallow and nonlegume system (i.e., continuous winter wheat) due to the higher C and N inputs from root biomass. The NP and NPM significantly increased these soil variables, and the effects of NPM were greater than those of NP due to the higher supplying of C and N in NPM treatment than NP treatment. However, the effects of NP or NPM on soil OC and N contents were similar among the cropping systems. The effects of P were greater in the continuous alfalfa system but smaller in the continuous winter wheat system in comparison with those in the grain-legume rotation system. Therefore, at the conditions of our study, legume-included cropping systems with large root biomass and manure combined with chemical fertilizers have the potential to increase OC and N and their availability in highland soils, which could be important strategies for improving soil fertility and quality and sequestrating C in soils. Moreover, P fertilizer was recommended for the legume-included cropping systems.

Microbial residues are essential for soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and stability. However, the interactive effects of cropping system and fertilisation on microbial residues and their contributions to SOC have not been addressed. Herein, we used amino sugars as tracers for microbial residues and analysed the dynamics of microbial residues in a 31-year-long experiment in a highland agroecosystem to understand how effects of fertilisation vary with cropping systems. The cropping systems included continuous alfalfa (AC, a pure legume system), continuous winter wheat (WC, a non-legume system) and grain-legume rotation (GLR) system. The fertilization treatments were the unfertilised control (CK), phosphorus (P), P and nitrogen (NP) and NP and manure (NPM). When averaged across the experimental periods, compared with the GLR and WC systems, the AC system increased microbial residues, the ratio of fungal-to-bacterial residues and the contribution of fungal residues to SOC. The NP and NPM increased microbial residues, and the effects of NPM were greater than those of NP. However, the contribution of microbial residues to SOC was lower in the NPM treatment than that in the NP treatment. The effects of NP or NPM on microbial residues were similar among cropping systems, while the effect of P was greater in the AC system but smaller in the WC system in comparison with those in the GLR system. Therefore, the pure legume cropping system was conducive to SOC accumulation mainly by increasing fungal residues in soils. Manure combined with chemical fertilisers was more beneficial to the accumulation of microbial residues, but SOC accumulation caused by it was less attributable to the increase in microbial-derived C. Moreover, P fertiliser was crucial for the accumulation of microbial residues in legume-included cropping systems. Highlights This study addresses effects of fertilization on microbial residues in three cropping systems. The effects of NP or NPM on microbial residues were similar among cropping systems. The effect of P fertilizer on microbial residues varied with cropping system. Legume cropping system was conducive to SOC accumulation mainly by increasing fungal residues.

以一年生葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)阳光玫瑰和甬优一号为试验材料,在限根栽培模式下研究不同营养液对葡萄生长及栽培基质的影响.结果表明,对于阳光玫瑰品种来说,30 mg/L N处理显著促进植株生长,对于甬优一号品种来说,180和120 mg/L N处理显著促进植株生长.阳光玫瑰为营养高效类型,在低营养液处理下,氮素的利用效率更高,栽培基质中积累的氮较少,而甬优一号为营养低效型,在高营养液条件下,栽培基质中积累的氮较少.

1范围 本标准规定了柑橘嫁接中有关品种、中间砧选择,接穗的选择与贮运,嫁接时期、高度、部位、接口方位、接芽数和嫁接方法及接后管理等技术.本标准仅适用于以生产“一树多果”为目的的柑橘嫁接技术.适用于武汉地区乃至湖北省柑橘类果树中各种栽培种类和品种.

1 范围 本标准规定了北美海棠嫁接育苗、建园、土肥水管理、病虫害防治、整形修剪等技术规范. 本规程适于武汉地区及气候相近区域的北美海棠标准化、规模化栽培.

斯特拉无花果英文名Stella ,原产意大利,随后传到美国,由于该品种具有较强的抗寒性、耐高温多湿特性,同时自花结实率高、果大质优、丰产稳产等优点[1 ] ,自引入到我国后,被广泛种植.

中国是世界柑桔主要发源地之一.自古以来,柑桔类植物是重要的中药来源.通过对目前柑桔类主要药用植物研究进展收集的大量资料进行整理,为柑桔属植物的进一步开发利用提供参考.

2017年中央一号文正式提出田园综合体建设.果树具有较好的观赏性、经济型和产业延展性,决定了果树在田园综合体中的地位.但果树在田园综合体的应用也面临着一些问题,针对这些问题提出了一些建议.

[目的]研究不同葡萄盆栽基质的理化性质,为筛选适合葡萄盆栽的基质及田间葡萄生产提供参考.[方法]以1年扦插藤稔葡萄为试材,以不添加任何基质的园土为对照(Control),将园土、蛭石、椰糠、菇渣按不同体积比混合配制成7种有机栽培基质,分别为园土∶蛭石为5∶1(P1)、园土∶蛭石∶椰糠为4∶1∶1(P2)、园土∶菇渣∶蛭石∶椰糠为3∶1∶1∶1(P3)、园土∶菇渣∶蛭石∶椰糠为2∶2∶1∶1(P4)、园土∶菇渣∶蛭石∶椰糠为1∶3∶1∶1(PS)、菇渣∶蛭石∶椰糠为4∶1∶1(P6)、菇渣∶蛭石为5∶1(Pr7),通过盆栽试验探讨不同基质配方的理化性质及其对盆栽葡萄生长的影响.[结果]①菇渣能够有效降低基质容重,增加毛管持水量,增加基质的有机质、磷、钾和氮含量,同时促进盆栽葡萄植株地上部分生长和地下部分总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、根尖数.②7个不同基质配方的处理中,P6处理在葡萄植株种植前,有机质、磷、钾、铵态氮、硝态氮等营养元素含量都显著最高,种植后,各营养元素仍然显著最高,且前后降低幅度最大;P6与P7的容重显著最小,但P6的EC值又显著小于P7;且P6处理对根系总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、根尖数的促进效果均表现最为显著.[结论]综合比较不同基质配方基质营养元素、理化性质、微生物含量及其对盆栽葡萄生长量、根系特征等指标的影响,认为菇渣、蛭石、椰糠按4∶1∶1体积比混合最适宜于盆栽葡萄生长.

调研分析了湖北省果树生产实际,发现主要栽培果树品种间害虫存在寄主可转换现象,为此选取湖北省主栽品种柑橘、桃、梨、葡萄、柿子、板栗6种水果,参考彭成绩等主编的《南方果树病虫害原色图鉴》对其害虫危害寄主进行了统计,找到了不同果树害虫可转换寄主的分布情况,以供果园害虫的联防联治及果园规划参考.

武汉市汉南区区域优势明显,土地资源、水资源丰富,非常适合都市农业的发展,尤其是都市水果业的发展.经过调研,汉南区水果种植业具备一定的基础,但也存在许多问题,针对这些问题,提出了相应的发展对策,以推动当地水果种植业的进一步发展.

本文详细阐述了武汉地区水果产业的发展现状,并指出了生产中存在的问题,同时提出了发展建议,以期为促进武汉地区水果产业稳步发展提供参考.

武汉市自上世纪80年代开展葡萄种植以来,葡萄产业呈现稳中增长的趋势.通过对本地葡萄产业调研,摸清了葡萄的地区分布、规模和效益,以及品种结构和栽培管理模式,指出了生产中存在的组织化程度低、成熟期过于集中、优果率低、促成栽培规模小、省力化高效栽培技术有待提高等主要问题.建议今后应从优化品种结构、实行标准化管理、加强观光园建设、推进一三产业融合、发展园艺体验等五个方面推动葡萄产业健康可持续发展.

Fly fire is an elite variety of North American Begonia (Malus micromalus). It has excellent characteristics such as the color of the flower is dark red, the color of young leaves and fruit surface is red ,and the color of branches is reddishbrown. In addition, the flowers are more, the period of flowering and mature fruit hanging in a tree is very long. Moreover, propation of the variety mainly depends on grafting. And the variety is suitable for popularization and application in landscap ing in the area to the north of the Yangtze river basin and its region.