800 kV交流隔离开关是超高压变电站关键装备之一,其平衡弹簧是减轻所需外载荷、提高装备可靠性的重要组件.围绕800 kV高压隔离开关展开研究,首先基于运动简图进行主闸刀的机构运动分析,获得隔离开关结构势能的理论方程.然后通过虚拟样机技术,利用Adams平台建立隔离开关的动力学仿真模型,得到开、合闸动作时初始设计条件下平衡弹簧的弹性势能与运动机构重力势能差值的仿真结果.为进一步缩小弹簧势能和机构势能的差值,对平衡弹簧进行优化设计,仿真分析结果表明,优化后的平衡弹簧势能与机构势能差值的最大变化量比初始方案减少了约28％,即隔离开关工作时所需外载荷大大减小.

复合绝缘子用于支撑高压隔离开关的主导电系统,既要保证隔离开关分合闸时的强度要求,又要保证输电线路高、低压侧的绝缘要求.文中根据复合绝缘子电场分析理论以及所受组合载荷理论,对复合绝缘子进行结构设计并建立三维仿真模型.通过仿真分析得出复合绝缘子在不同端子拉力作用下的应力变形情况以及复合绝缘子周围空气域的电场分布情况.然后通过型式试验测量复合绝缘子在不同端子拉力状态下的偏移量,同时将其配置在高压隔离开关上进行绝缘试验测试.通过仿真分析和型式试验测试得出,文中设计的复合绝缘子结构合理,机械特性和绝缘特性满足要求,对后续其它系列复合绝缘子结构设计具有重要的指导意义.

水平伸缩式隔离开关主闸刀在分、合闸过程中存在重力矩的变化,为了减少机构的输出力矩且使主闸刀运行平稳,需在下导电管内配置合适的平衡弹簧以匹配主闸刀分、合闸过程中的重力矩变化。平衡弹簧的配置是否科学直接影响着整个主闸刀系统的平稳与否,文中以1 120 kV直流隔离开关为研究对象,通过理论分析了整个主闸刀系统的机械运动特性,提出了平衡弹簧的一般设计方法。

高压直流输电在远距离大容量输电和电力系统联网方面具有明显的优势,它在中国西电东送和全国联网工程中起到重要的作用。直流隔离开关的技术要求相对交流隔离开关要严格的多,文中针对特高压直流输电工程的实际需要,从产品选型、触头结构、均压环设计、抗震分析等方面进行了深入探讨,对关键设计点提出了一些新的设计思路和观点。通过理论分析、试验验证以及工程应用,结果表明,双柱折叠插入式隔离开关更适合特高压直流输电工程长期通流及安全可靠运行需要。

可靠性分配是直流隔离开关底座系统可靠性设计的重要环节,其结果直接影响整机的设计方案。为了能够准确得到在一定约束条件下的可靠性优化分配结果,确立了基于直流隔离开关底座系统故障机理的可靠性分配方法,首先根据FTA和FMEA的故障分析结果,确定各个零部件的故障综合因子,然后将可靠性目标根据一定的数学关系式分配到各个零部件,从而实现直流隔离开关底座系统的总体可靠性有效地分配到各个零部件上。该方法不仅将FTA和FMEA两种故障分析方法相结合,而且还对原始可靠性分配函数进行了改进,提高了可靠性的分配效率,使分配结果更加合理。

为适应±800 kV特高压直流输电工程的建设步伐,公司以408 kV直流隔离开关为研究对象,在产品结构形式、绝缘子的布置方式、外部电场仿真及屏蔽环结构优化等方面开展了研究,研制出了408 kV双柱单臂折叠插入式直流隔离开关样机,通过型式试验验证了方案可行性和各项技术指标.

隔离开关的直流电场仿真对于优化和校核隔离开关结构、缩短产品的研发周期、降低产品的研发费用、指导产品的研发方向有着重要的意义。在1 120 kV直流隔离开关的设计过程中,为了加快研发进程,给隔离开关均压环的设计明确方向,文中就断口距离、动静侧均压环管半径、动侧屏蔽环管半径对1 120 kV直流隔离开关电场强度大小的影响做了分析,得出1 120 kV直流隔离开关在均压环管半径200 mm、屏蔽环管半径150 mm时,其均压环处场强小于3 kV/mm,此时隔离开关电场屏蔽良好,不会发生断口和对地击穿。

GW27-252/J5000-63 type high voltage AC disconnector is a high voltage power transmission equipment developed by our company in the capacity of high voltage power system. This paper mainly introduces the normal conditions of use of the product, the main technical parameters, structure, performance, test and product development of the key analysis and calculation.

介绍一种特高压旁路隔离开关的发展概况,关键零件触指的加工技术,包括专用的旋压成型技术和铣槽技术,并对高精度防变形铣槽技术要领进行了阐述,通过对零件的技术分析,对这种零件容易出现的问题及解决方法进行了详细的讲解.

According to China's UHV DC transmission project on the low side DC disconnectors mechanical, electrical resistance, earthquake and other performance requirements,detailed descript the ZGW5-100D/J5500 type HVDC disconnectors design, prototype development, testing and other situations. Experimental results show that the developed ZGW5-100D/J5500 type HVDC disconnectors technical parameters and performance indicators etc. can meet current UHV DC transmission project requirements.

According to problem of GW4 type disconnector from market,such as about temperature rise,torque etc.,utilize tolerance's analysis way,points out that the difference caused by parts' tolerances between the disconnector product and the theory of design, is the main reason of degrade the performance in service, and gives some advices on disconnector adjusting.

根据我国特高压直流输电工程对低压侧直流隔离开关机械、电气、耐地震等性能的要求，较详细地介绍了ZGW5-100D/J5500型高压直流隔离开关的设计、试制及试验等研制情况。试验结果表明所研制ZGW5-100D/J5500型高压直流隔离开关的技术参数和性能指标等均满足我国目前特高压直流输电工程的要求。

Taking polar line DC disconnector whinc first applicating in ±800kV UHV DC transmission project for example,detailedly introduce the designing,testing and application of polar-line disconnector.The result of testing proves that the mechanical and electrical performance of polar-line disconnector fulfills the requirement of ±800kV UHV DC transmission project.

The disconnector is a circuit switching equipment used in no load condition.In 2005,China took the lead in the Northwest power grid construction,the first 750 kV line and substation installation height of about 2 000 m above sea level.Therefore,the development for high altitude areas of the 800 kV high-voltage AC disconnector is an important topic in high-voltage power field,have a significant role in engineering applications.This article based on reviews of the foreign 800 kV UHV disconnector development,and through the discussion and research of 800 kV high-voltage disconnector insulation distance calculation,grading ring design and some technical parameters,some preliminary conclusion are drawn.According to the environmental characteristics of the northwest area in China,study line statistical withstand voltage calculations to determine the high altitude of 800 kV high-voltage AC disconnector insulation parameters and to develop 800 kV high-voltage AC disconnector of structural parameters for the development of 800 kV high-voltage AC disconnect switch provides the technical support.

本文提出一种基于PLM系统的GIS模块化设计方法.利用GIS的结构及特点,按元件可分为断路器、隔离开关、接地开关、电流互感器、电压互感器、电缆终端、避雷器和出线套管等元件,使用计算机辅助软件CAD创建相应的元件模块,同时对每个元件模块进行编码,通过PLM软件平台建立一个数据库系统.根据不同电站主接线要求,只需将相关模块从PLM系统中输出并重新组合,降低产品设计的错误率,缩短了产品的设计周期,满足GIS工程设计的通用性、可操作性、模块继承性和面向产品全生命周期性要求.

The electric field calculation is important to the structure optimization of the disconnecting switch, the control of the corona loss, the audible noise, and the radio interference level. Consequently, the ANSYS software was used to calculate the AC and DC electric field distribution and to determine the value and the position of the maximum electric field. On the basis of static electric field theory, in the DC field calculation, the steady conduction current field theory was used to calculate the potential distribution on the surface of the disconnector. When the resistivity ratio between different materials was beyond 10 orders of magnitude, the problem of divergent values solved by ordinary finite element method would occur. Therefore, it was proposed that, according to the structure feature of the disconnector, the floating potential of the metal connectors was obtained by calculating the resistances of the supporting insulators firstly. Then the surface potential of the insulators was derived, which was in linear relation with the surface distance. Secondly, with the surface potential distribution of the disconnector, the ANSYS sub-modeling technique was adopted to calculate the electrostatic field distribution in the air domain. Hence, the coupling between conduction current field and static electric field was achieved. Finally, the AC and the DC field results were summarized and compared. The DC field simulation results show that the potential distribution at the interface between disconnector and air domain is continuous, which verifies proposed method.

简要介绍国内外直流输电的发展情况,详细阐述515kV高压直流隔离开关的技术参数、结构性能、产品试验情况及研发重难点。

515kV直流隔离开关主要安装在±500kV换流站直流场,为换流站直流场主要设备之一。本文通过有限元、边界元数值计算方法,进行隔离开关三维有限元电场计算分析,研究屏蔽环的环径、管径等对整个产品电场分布影响的规律,从抑制电场强度的角度得出了合理的屏蔽结构参数,最终根据试验验证产品的无线电干扰电平满足要求。