为筛选出适宜昆山市种植的高产优质和综合抗性强的小麦新品种(系),选择10个优质小麦品种(系),参照苏南地区强筋、中强筋小麦绿色优质高效生产技术方案,以产量、生育特性、抗逆性等性状为依据,开展了品种比较试验.结果表明,供试优质专用小麦品种(系)产量在4779.0～6568.5 kg/hm2之间,平均产量为5838.5 kg/hm2,不同品种(系)间产量水平差异较为明显.镇麦12号、镇麦15和镇麦18产量高于6000.0 kg/hm2,较对照镇麦10号分别高出9.78％、9.20％和7.52％,增产明显.其中,镇麦15产量较高且抗逆性最好,适宜在昆山市示范并推广种植.

The physiochemical properties and dissolved organic matter (DOM) released from biochar were especially important for the application of biochar. Two biomass feedstocks, bamboo and coconut, were used to prepare biochar at three representative pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 600 and 900°C. The physiochemical properties and the variation of DOM released from biochar were investigated under diverse pyrolysis temperature and modification conditions. The results showed that with the increasing pyrolysis temperature, the pH increased and the yield decreased. The DOC content in coconut biochar (CC) decreased gradually, while that bamboo biochar (BC) showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing. The reduction ratios of DOC content were 64.6% and 78.2%, respectively. In addition, acid-base modification destroyed the original surface structure of biochar, and significantly changed the abundance of -OH, C=O, -COOH in biochar. The largest DOC content of 29.1 mg·g-1 existed in BC modified with nitric acid at 300°C. Under ammonia modification, the DOM aromatization index (SUVA254) of BC reached maximum of 5.25 L·mg-1m-1 at 600°C, and the groups such as -OH, C=O were eliminated through complexation, which improved the degree of aromatization. According to the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, it was concluded that the pyrolysis temperature had greater correlation with the yield, DOC content and the degree of humification in biochar, and the modification conditions were significantly related to the degree of aromatization and hydrophobicity in biochar.

[目的]筛选出产量稳定、品质相对较好且适宜太湖地区种植的"国庆稻"新品种(系).[方法]从生育特性、茎蘖动态、产量和品质4个方面,对5个"国庆稻"品种(系)进行了综合比较.[结果]5个"国庆稻"品种(系)生育期在126 d左右,产量水平在5809.5～6523.5 kg/hm2,稻米加工、外观品质相对偏差,营养、蒸煮品质、RVA谱特征值和食味值相对较好.[结论]综合比较认为,早香粳1号、沪早香软1号2个品种产量相对稳定,稻米品质相对较好,适宜在太湖地区较大面积示范推广.

为了研究肥料减施和水稻秸秆生物质炭添加对水稻田土壤细菌多样性的影响,采用MiSeq高通量测序分析技术,对不同施肥量(100％、90％、80％常规施肥)和添加水稻秸秆生物质炭(1％)的水稻田非根际和根际土壤进行了细菌多样性分析.结果表明,与非根际土相比,水稻根际微生物细菌多样性更加丰富.从门水平看,最主要是变形菌门,占34.85％～47.57％,添加生物质炭降低了变形菌门在非根际土中的丰度,而促进其在根际土中富集,肥料减施对变形菌门丰度的影响刚好相反,且减施肥料越多对变形菌门影响越大;酸杆菌门次之,占10.48％～19.42％,变化趋势与变形菌门相反.从属水平看,Unclassified Burkholderiaceae、Unclassified Subgroup 6、Unclassified bacterium 126等菌属在土壤中占比较高.典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明,优势菌群丰度与采样位置、肥料添加、生物质炭添加等环境因素存在一定的相关性.研究表明,不同减肥条件下(80％和90％)生物质炭的施用(1％)均会对土壤细菌多样性造成影响,其变化与采样位置、肥料减施量和生物质炭添加密切相关.

为了探明孕穗期喷施硅肥对产量与品质的影响,在水稻绿色高质高效创建示范片和稻田综合种养模式下开展较大面积综合性试验.结果表明:孕穗期喷施粉剂硅肥不影响生育期,可减缓功能叶片衰亡速率,至成熟期水稻植株仍能保持较多绿叶数;提高水稻结实率和千粒重,提升稻米外观品质、加工品质、营养蒸煮品质和食味值,增产提质效果显著;在稻田综合种养上,还可提高抗倒伏能力,实现高产稳产.

渍害是影响小麦高产、稳产、优质的不利因素之一,在小麦生产中多发,且对小麦生长发育、产量和品质的影响较大.为实现小麦高产、优质,要积极应对渍害,采取及时开沟降渍、选用抗渍品种种植、进行花前短期渍水预处理、及时施肥、施用生长调节剂等措施.

为探讨和验证几种麦田除草剂对麦田抗性杂草的防除效果,筛选防除麦田杂草的最佳药剂,为指导生产防治提供科学依据.选择了五种杂草茎叶处理剂,进行了除草药剂筛选试验,结果表明:5种除草剂中5％唑啉草酯(爱秀)对禾本科杂草的防效表现最好,50 g/L唑啉草酯炔草酸(大能)对阔叶杂草的防效表现最好.

为推广实施水稻病虫绿色防控技术,开展了香根草种植诱杀水稻螟虫试验.通过调查,田埂种植香根草大螟2代和3代危害穴率分别达到92.3％和82.4％,种植香根草的田块水稻枯心率显著低于未种植区.香根草诱控大螟产卵效果显著,可以有效减轻大田螟害.

介绍了昆山地区梨瘿蚊形态特征、危害特点及发生规律,并提出了绿色防治技术.

Occurrence characteristics of four scale insects (Drosicha corpulenta Kuwana,Asterococcus muratae Kuwana, Ceroplastes japonica Green,Ceroplastes rubens Maskell) of greening tree species in Kunshan region were introduced.The integrated control technologies were pro-posed on the basis of strengthening plant quarantine and horticultural control,and reasonably using physical control,biolog-ical control and chemical control.

The damage characteristics and occurrence regularity of 2 kinds of main diseases and 7 kinds of main insect pests in Kunshan were expounded. The integrated control methods were put for-ward, including the agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control.

‘魏可’葡萄是1998年日本登录的新品种，2006年引入巴城栽培。平均穗重460g。最大1400g。果粒紫红色至紫黑色，平均粒重11g，最大14g。果汁绿黄色，可溶性固形物含量18％-20％。鲜食品质优。9月中下旬成熟，不脱粒，耐贮运。早果丰产，栽植扦插苗第2年平均株产可达12kg。4年生树每666．7m2产量约1500kg。采用避雨栽培、H形整枝修剪、整理花序、限制产量等措施，可以解决‘魏可’葡萄存在的果穗紧密、易产生小青粒、果粒易日灼、果实膨大期有裂果、易遭受病害和金龟子危害等问题。简介了‘魏可’葡萄促成栽培和延迟栽培技术。

20世纪90年代以来,直播水稻技术在我市迅速普及,种植面积逐年增加,至今已占水稻种植面积的60%以上.在开始种植直播稻的几年里,草害是制约其发展的重要原因,随着化除技术的不断进步,90年代中期,直播稻田除草技术已基本成熟,因而种植面积发展迅速.然而,近年来直播水稻生产中出现了化学除草效果下降,杂草危害有抬头的趋势,必须引起足够重视.

"常优1号"系常熟市农科所1998年育成的三系优质杂粳新品种.综合性状为优质、高产、熟期适宜、抗性强、制种相对容易等,2002年1月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定.2001年开始大面积示范推广种植,至2004年苏州市种植面积达10万亩以上,已成为本地区水稻主栽品种,且随栽培技术成熟,种植面积逐步扩大.

为筛选出适合本地区防治叶菜类蔬菜主要害虫的无公害农药品种,为制订蔬菜无公害防治技术提供依据,2004年我们实施了本试验.