In order to obtain accessible and non-toxic SCR catalysts,Cu-ZSM-5 and Ce-ZSM-5 were prepared by conventional aqueous ion-exchange method,Cu-Ce-ZSM-5 and Ce-Cu-ZSM-5 were prepared by means of subsequent aqueous ion-exchange method.Modified ZSM-5 catalysts were characterized using nitrogen physisorption,scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD).The SCR performance on catalysts were investigated at 100 ℃ to 500 ℃ corresponding to a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 60 000 h-1.The results suggested that Cu-ZSM-5,Cu-Ce-ZSM-5 and Ce-Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts showed good low temperature activity.What's more,the NO conversion was close to 100％ at 200 ℃ to 300 ℃.And the SCR activity of Cu-ZSM-5 was the highest from 100 ℃ to 200 ℃.Compared with traditional SCR catalysts,modified ZSM-5 catalysts have several advantages such as non-toxic,cheap and good low temperature SCR activity,which show extensive industry application prospects.

Syngas as the basic chemical industial material can be obtained by chemical looping gasification(CLG).Phosphogypsum as a by-product of wet process phosphoric acid industry , was used as the oxygen carrier.The influences of SiO 2 , Al2 O3 and Fe2 O3 in phosphogypsum of chemical -looping combustion process on the output of syngas though the thermogravimetric analysis and tube furnace under the condition of N2 and steam as gasifying agent were studied .Experimental results show that the high temperature is beneficial to the synthesis of gas output , the addition of Fe2 O3 has a significant effect on the output of CO, while adding SiO2 is more beneficial to the output of H 2 and the addition of Al 2 O3 can promote the overall output of syngas .

Fly ash based refractory materialsas were prepared using fly ash(from a coal power plant in Anning City) as the main raw material and sludge and industrial alumina the auxiliary materials.viability of their industrial application was analyzed theoretically.The microstructure was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques.On the basis of meeting the national standard ,we tried to explore the best sintering temperature range.The results show that at sintering temperature of 1300 ℃ and fly ash content of 68%,the incorporation,porosity,water absorption,compressive strength,flexural strength,refractoriness,permanent heating of the product meets the national standard.XRD results indicate that the higher the sintering temperature (1100-1300 ℃),the more and stronger the mullite peaks became.SEM results show that when the sintering temperature is increased from 1100 ℃ to 1300 ℃,the dominant shape of mullite shifted from neddle to columnar.At the temperature of 1300 ℃,dense mullite structure is observed.In comparison,when the sintering temperature is 1400 ℃,less columnar in loose mullite structure is found.

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product in the phosphate fertilizer industry, and low rank coal-lignite has high moisture which seriously influence its direct use. As a promising raw material for chemical industry, syngas can be obtained through a properly designed lignite Chemical Looping Gasification (CLG) of PG oxygen carrier. The understanding of the reaction mechanism has been developed, while optimal conditions have been investigated. The study found that the product of syngas mainly comes from the solid solid and gas-solid reactions, while the consumption of syngas mainly takes place via gas-solid reaction. Additionally, the effects of several reaction conditions on the production of syngas have also been analyzed. The optimum values of these reaction conditions are found to be as follows: the PG/lignite molar ratio (X) should be about 0.2; reaction temperature should be over 1123 K; 40-140 mesh size particles should be used. Meanwhile, the crystallization and properties of used phosphogypsum have been studied using X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results suggested that calcium sulfate was almost completely converted to CaS at a temperature higher than 1123 K, while the sintering of used PG particles can take place for 140 mesh and 200 mesh sizes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The common numerical simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics,Aspen Plus,ANSYS Fluent software and MATLAB)application in chemical looping combustion (CLC) are introduced.In addition,the common chemical kinetics model in CLC,the necessary factors and operational steps for simulation are analyzed and summarized according to the four software.Based on CNKI and Web of science,the current situation for the four software have been investigated.The key directions about numerical simulation software development are pointed out.In the end,COMSOL Multiphysics as the dominant numerical simulation of CLC is also proposed.

The greenhouse gas CO2 is one of the main causes of environmental degradation in the world. In recent years,CO2 capture technology has been on the spotlight. This article expounds the principle and characteristics of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS)technology,three methods of post-combustion capture of are summarized and compared. What's more,this paper mainly analyzes the characteristics and advantages by using calcium-based sorbent trapping CO2 ,puts forward the exploration direction of CO2 capture technology and points out the idea of using phosphogypsum decomposition slag as the calcium-based sorbent to mineralize CO2 in order to realize the purpose of "using waste to treat waste".

Fly ash based refractory materials with varied alumina content (by controlling the raw materials with different ratios) at different sintering temperature were prepared using fly ash as the main raw material and coal gangue and industrial alumina as the auxiliary materials.The structural performance of the samples was tested;the microstructure was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques.The results show that the compactness, mechanical properties, refractoriness as well as crystalline structure of the prepared refractory material are affected by both sintering temperature and alumina content.Desirable performance of bulk density 2.47 g/cm3, compressive strength 41 MPa, refractoriness 1450 ℃, and mullite and corundum as crystalline state are observed for the sample prepared at sintering temperature of 1350 ℃ and alumina content of 45%.The application of fly ash in refractory material preparation is meaningful in producing high-value added products with it.

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of wet phosphoric acid, whereas low rank coal-lignite has high moisture and high-sulfur which seriously influence its direct use. As a promising raw material for chemical industry, syngas can be obtained through a properly designed in-situ gasification chemical looping combustion process (IG-CLC). This concept was demonstrated using a thermodynamic software Factsage, by employing PG as oxygen carrier and lignite as fuel under different conditions. The experiments were conducted in laboratory to confirm the theoretical calculations. The results showed that the product of syngas mainly came from solid-solid reaction and gas-solid reaction. Meanwhile, the optimal conditions for syngas production were found to be: the PG/lignite ratio of about 1; reaction temperatures of over 850 degrees C. In addition, water vapor and carbon dioxide were found to have promotive effect on the syngas output. For PG/lignite ratio of 1 and at 850 degrees C, the values for lower heating value (LHV) and cold gas efficiency were higher than 55000.00 kJ/Nm(3) and 63.00%, respectively. Compared with lignite combustion at 900 degrees C, the production of CO and hydrogen was significantly high. Moreover, the results showed that PG is a promising oxygen carrier for syngas production by IG-CLC process. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.