通过查询本草典籍及近5年文献,对栀子Gardenia jasminoides Ellis的名称、形态、产地、功效与化学成分4个方面进行本草考证,旨在为“山栀子”和“水栀子”的植物学命名和栀子的正本清源提供参考依据.研究结果表明“山栀子”与“水栀子”的产地无明显区别,而名称、形态、功效与化学成分均有不同;“山栀子”为茜草科栀子Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,“水栀子”为茜草科长果栀子Gardenia jasminoides Eills f.longicarpaZ.W.Xie et Okada,应将“水栀子”作“山栀子”的新变型处理较为妥当.

Lycium leaf (LL) is the dried leaf of Lycium chinese Mill or Lycium barbarum L.In this paper,the edible and medicinal history,the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of LL were reviewed;and the status of development and utilization of LL was collected.That LL contains polysaccharides are found,flavonoids,steroids and terpenes,and has the effect of anti-oxidation,hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,and improving memory.

Malus hupehensis(Pamp.) Rehd,a kind of non-camellia tea with a long history,is widely distributed throughout southern China.Modern research shows that the leaves of M.hupehensis contains chemical constituents such as flavonoids,polyphenols,etc.Extracts from the leaves also have hypoglycemic,reduce blood lipid,anti-oxidation and antimicrobial effects.This review summarized the traditional uses,plant morphology,geographical distribution,chemical constituents and ipharmacological effects of M.hupehensis leaves,provided evidences for system research and in-depth development.

Medicated diets as the valuable culture heritage, could prevent the development of diseases, and are also benefit to our health and lifetime. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the important part of medicated diets The chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of TCM play an important role on elucidating the functional material basis. The ap-plicable origins and development of medicated diets were discussed. According to the TCM frequences in medicated diets, we selected 27 kinds of TCM that appeared more than 100 times in almost 7000 medicated diet recipes. The origins, nature and flavours, and application history were reviewed,which principles were investigated from the angle of TCM. The chemical con-stituents and pharmacological activity were also be discussed. It will provide evidence for elucidating the functional material basis of medicated diets.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Medicinal diets have a history of more than 2000 years. Locally referred to as yaoshan (Chinese: ), a medicinal diet is understood in China as a dietary product that combines herbs and food with the purpose of preventing and treating diseases or improving health under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory. Medicinal diets are used in Chinese people's daily life and in specialized restaurants. Hundreds of Chinese materia medica (CMM) are used in medicinal diets; however, a comprehensive evaluation of medicinal diets is lacking.Aims of the study: This is an exploratory study that aims to identify the CMM that are most frequently used in medicinal diets and to provide an updated view of the current situation of medicinal diets in China.Materials and methods: A field study of 1221 people in 32 Chinese provinces was conducted over a period of approximately 6 months and included various types of interviews as well as a written questionnaire. Two approaches were used to analyse the data collected in the survey: (1) estimating the frequency of CMM consumed in daily diets; and (2) collecting CMM used in medicinal diet restaurants. Complementary information on the selected CMM was obtained from relevant databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, and Web of Science.Results: Ten CMM were reported as commonly used by more than 50% of the participants. Among these 10 species, most medicinally used parts were seeds and fruits. Pharmacological data from the literature revealed that these species are associated with a wide spectrum of biological properties, including antitumour (80%), antioxidant (50%), anti-diabetic (40%), antilipemic (40%), anti-aging (40%), antimicrobial (40%) and cardioprotective (40%) activities. Our survey shows that most medicinal diet restaurants are located in the eastern part of China, with the greatest numbers being found in Beijing and Guangzhou. Only Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, Chrysanthemi Flos and Longan Arillus were frequently consumed both in daily diets and at medicinal diet restaurants. Some of the similarities shared by these 4 species include an extensive history of use (> 2000 years); a sweet flavour; and antioxidant, antidiabetic, antilipemic and cardioprotective effects.Conclusions: The 10 most commonly consumed CMM possess various biological effects that are currently target the most frequent health problems for the majority of the population. The development of medicinal diet restaurants has certain regional restrictions and is associated with the local climate environment and dietary culture. The data revealed by this study provided useful information for commercial exploitation of medicinal diets and their components and serve as a basis for further studies on various aspects of medicinal diets.

Objective:To analyze regularities of medicinal diet recipes in Chinese Medicinal Diet Dictionary for phlegm-dampness constitution based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS) (V2.5),in order to provide references for diet therapy for adjusting phlegm-dampness constitution.Method:TCMISS was used to build a database of medicinal diet recipes for adjusting phlegm-dampness constitution.The software integration data mining method was used to analyze the regularities of prescriptions.Result:By analyzing frequencies of 1 393 medicated diet recipes,we found 367 kinds of Chinese materia medica,523 foods and 68 condiments.The three most commonly used medicines were Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens,Jujubae Fructus and Dioscoreae Rhizoma.And the three most commonly used foods weresticky rice,egg and carp.At the same time,35 common combinations were achieved through association rules,and 16 new prescriptions were mined based on complex networks entropy method.Conclusion:This study is the first time to analyze the regularities of medicinal diet recipes composed of medicines and foods through TCMISS,and a pioneering attempt compared with the previous analysis on prescriptions consisting of only traditional Chinese medicines.

Codonopsis Pilosula is commonly used to tonify Qi in clinical application, as well as strengthening the spleen and the lung, nourishing blood and the body fluid effects. In this paper, the patents of traditional medicine C. Pilosula before September, 2014 were retrieved. Totally, 11 129 patents were obtained, which belong to 10 857 patent families. Furthermore, an analysis report was formed based on a multi-angle analysis. The result indicates that, the number of invention patent application of C. Pilosula China is much more than that in other countries. There is a significant increasing trend in recent years. C. Pilosula patent invention applications are mainly from China, United States, South Korea, and Japan. The effect focus on healthmaintenance, immunityenhancing, invigorating Qi, insomnia statusimproving, et al. It has often been used in company with tonic medicine, especially tonifing Qi medicine.