Soil organic matter (SOM) molecular composition governs its stability and ecological functions in forest ecosystems. Nevertheless, how land-use changes (LUCs) regulate the SOM molecular composition remains poorly understood, particularly the underlying mechanisms mediated by soil properties. This study investigated the effects of LUCs on SOM molecular composition in a subtropical coastal region and examined the driving roles of soil nutrient availability and enzyme activities. The research was conducted in Huanghai National Forest Park, Jiangsu Province, China, focusing on four land-use types converted from historical wheat cropland (W, as control): monoculture plantations of Ginkgo biloba (G) and Metasequoia glyptostroboides (M), a ginkgo-metasequoia mixed forest (GM), and a ginkgo-wheat agroforestry system (GW). Soil samples were collected from 0 to 20 cm and 20-40 cm layers and analyzed for SOM molecular compositions using solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Soil chemical properties and enzyme activity activities were also determined, with redundancy analysis (RDA) and correlation analysis applied to identify key influencing factors. Results demonstrated that LUCs significantly altered SOM molecular composition. The GW system exhibited the highest proportion of labile O-alkyl carbon (42.65%), while the M plantation accumulated greatest levels of stable aromatic carbon (up to 49.25%). During the initial decades following afforestation, soil nutrient availability and enzyme activities were confirmed as pivotal drivers of SOM molecular variation. Specifically, available potassium (AK), ammonium nitrogen (AN), and the carbon/phosphorus (C/P) ratio were significantly correlated with specific SOM components (p < 0.05). The elevated O-alkyl carbon proportion in GW was closely associated with its higher invertase activity. Notably, vertical differentiation in SOM stability was observed across land-use types, with the agroforestry system achieving the highest carbon pool management index in surface soil but showing a weakened capacity for subsoil C stabilization. RDA further confirmed that AK and AN were dominant factors shaping SOM molecular composition. In conclusion, LUCs modulate SOM chemical composition and stability primarily through altering soil nutrient availability and associated enzyme activities. Agroforestry system facilitates labile C accumulation in surface soil, whereas monoculture plantations are more conducive to stable C sequestration, especially in subsoil layers. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into SOM dynamics following LUCs and offer a theoretical basis for formulating tailored management strategies to enhance C sequestration efficiency in subtropical coastal ecosystems.

Understanding the carbon footprint of biomass products is of considerable practical relevance for energy conservation and emission reduction. Conducting carbon footprint assessment of bamboo scrimber products via Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) facilitates the quantitative characterization of their environmental performance and further enhances the improvement in cleaner production. This study established a model of life cycle and inventory data set for bamboo scrimber flooring from 'cradle to gate' that accurately quantifies carbon emissions during raw material transportation and product production stages. Two types of bamboo scrimber flooring processes were investigated: deep carbonization and shallow carbonization. Additionally, this study compared the carbon footprints of products processed using bamboo scrimber flooring and bamboo plywood production methods. Results showed that the carbon emissions during the processing of 1 m3 of deep carbon and shallow carbon bamboo scrimber flooring were 1845.99 kg CO2-eq and 1570.85 kg CO2-eq, respectively. When coupling the carbon storage of raw material supply and product usage stages, the life cycle carbon footprints for 1 m3 of deep carbon and shallow carbon bamboo scrimber flooring were 962.23 kg CO2-eq and 677.86 kg CO2-eq, respectively. The carbon emissions and life cycle carbon footprint for the processing of bamboo plywoods were 1435.55 kg CO2-eq and 640.23 kg CO2-eq, respectively. Through the analysis of different processes and their effects, adhesives were identified as the primary factor influencing the carbon footprint.

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) is one of China's most important tree species, and possible adverse factors affecting its growth and physiology is of particular concern for climate change adaptation. In this context, growth performance (BAI: basal area increment and MAXD: maximum density), climate sensitivity, and the relative contributions of climatic and physiological determinants to growth were evaluated across the 30 Chinese fir provenances using a combination of dendroclimatology and carbon isotope analysis (delta 13C). Over the past 27 years, intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) increased significantly by 12.71-33.56 %, while radial growth decreased (-63.38 % to -88.93 %). Strong growth decreases reflected increasing water stress due to climate warming, which was not offset by greater iWUE. A similar trend was observed in the theoretical gas exchange scenario as a response to increasing Ca as stomata opened and Ci increased proportionally to Ca. This study identified temperature and relative humidity as determinants of growth and physiology. However, meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, and sunshine hours) contributed much less to growth than physiological factors (iWUE). Variation in performance and climate sensitivity among populations significantly correlated with the mean annual temperature of the seed source origin. In general, seed sources from warmer and more humid climates in the center region grew faster and had higher iWUE. Provenances from drier climates had slower growth, higher wood density, and higher carbon isotope discrimination (Delta 13C) compared to those from wetter climate conditions. Compared to provenances from cooler regions, the seed sources from warmer climates were less sensitive to temperature but more sensitive to sunshine hours for BAI and MAXD. These results contribute to a better understanding of the climate sensitivity and physiological responses of the Chinese fir provenances to long-term changing climate.

森林生态系统储存了约45％的陆地碳,并贡献了 50％的陆地生态系统净生产力,在"双碳"时代背景下,研究森林碳汇具有重要意义.文章以Webof Science数据库中SCI-EXPANDED库为数据源,运用文献计量统计方法,从发文量及年度变化趋势、期刊来源、主要研究力量、关键词方面进行统计分析.结果表明:1)从发文量与年度变化趋势看,森林碳汇领域发文量逐年递增,且增速越来越快.2)从期刊来源看,《Forest Ecology and Management》是森林碳汇发文量最高的期刊.3)从主要研究力量看,发文量最多的国家为美国、中国与法国,美国关于森林碳汇领域研究的文章最多,影响力也最大.4)研究热点主要涉及气候变化、森林经理、森林生态系统服务功能等.

The Chinese fir, Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook, is an essential fast-growing timber species that is widely distributed in southern China, producing timber with high economic value. Understanding the climate sensitivity of the tree species and its intra-specific variation would help us to estimate the potential climatic adaptation of the Chinese fir. Consequently, we developed radial growth (tree-ring, earlywood and latewood width) and wood density (earlywood, latewood, minimum and maximum density) chronologies for the period 1981–2013 to evaluate whether Chinese fir provenances varied in their tree-ring characteristics and the strength of their responses to seasonal and monthly climate variables. The results showed that more climatic information was obtainable from the trees’ radial growth than from their wood densities. Moreover, the wood density variables provided additional information about seasonal precipitation, which could not be found in tree-ring widths. Specifically, radial growth was highly sensitive to spring and fall temperature, whereas the wood density (particularly that of maximum density) was mainly limited by spring precipitation. Importantly, each tree-ring chronology of Chinese fir provenances varied in the intensity of its response to climate variables, reflecting population acclimation via genetic adaptation or plasticity to local conditions. By providing a theoretical basis for the climate–growth relationships of Chinese fir provenance within a subtropical climate, one can evaluate future climate change impacts on forests and the feedback of forest systems.

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) is a native tree species endemic to China and produces timber with high economic value. It is essential to select a provenance with more optimal adaptability to counteract the potential adverse effects of climate change. However, only a few dendroecology analyses of the variation in Chinese fir provenance climate response have been performed. Therefore, we obtained radial growth (tree ring width, earlywood width and latewood width) and wood density (earlywood density, latewood density, minimum density and maximum density) chronologies for 52 Chinese fir provenances grown in a common garden plantation in southern China. Tree-ring analysis methods (dendrochronology) were used to quantify the influence of climate on radial growth and wood densities of the Chinese fir provenances over a 32-year period (1981–2013). The results showed that the mean values of ring widths and wood densities were significantly related to latitude and longitude at the seed-source origin, respectively. Our study also confirmed that tree ring width is primarily sensitive to summer temperature, whereas parameter maximum density contains the strongest climate signal about spring precipitation. Along with a positive effect of warm winter (December and January) on radial growths, high temperatures in summer (July to September) had a negative effect on tree ring widths. Furthermore, the maximum density chronologies shared a significant negative response to the current April precipitation. However, our findings demonstrate that there is the greatest differentiation among Chinese fir provenances in the strength of the correlations between climate variables (temperature and precipitation) and tree ring indices. Based on responses to temperature and precipitation, Chinese fir provenances from the continuous China distribution range can be divided into several geographic groups along a longitudinal and latitudinal gradient. In general, our results suggest that in developing models to predict the response of Chinese fir to changing climate, it is necessary to include intraspecific differentiation in acclimation and adaptation to environmental factors.

Chinese medicine herbal extracts are ideal candidates to replace toxic industrial wood preservatives thanks to their antifungal and nontoxic properties. To investigate the antifungal activity of Chinese herbal medicines, in this study, Trametes versicolor fungi were selected as test strains to evaluate the antifungal properties of Fructus Cnidii, Fructus Forsythiae, and Radix Stemonae. The results show that Fructus Cnidii has a strong inhibitory effect against T. versicolor, whereas Fructus Forsythiae and Radix Stemonae have a weak inhibitory effect. The hyphae growth cycle shows that the three studied Chinese herbs disrupt the growth of T. versicolor. Moreover, instead of direct killing, the Chinese herbal medicine demonstrated inhibition ability. Furthermore, the morphological and toxicological evidence shows that Fructus Cnidii affected the expression of proteins or enzymes to achieve the inhibition goal. In sum, this study could provide both primary data and a theoretical foundation for further developing and applying for traditional Chinese medicine as a green type of wood preservative.

为杭州市生态建设提供参考,为各地的森林生态服务功能综合评价和等级划分研究提供借鉴,为生态产品价值实现提供科学评价方法,进一步推进生态产业化和产业生态化,构建绿水青山转化为金山银山的政策制度体系提供科学评价服务.以《2019年杭州市森林资源与生态状况公告》中森林生态服务功实物量和价值量为基础,采用层次分析法(AHP)、线性加权法、聚类分析法等方法划分了森林生态服务功能综合指数和评价标准,得出杭州各地森林生态服务功能等级.杭州市森林生态服务功能分为4个等级:等级为优的为淳安、临安;等级为良的为建德、桐庐;等级为中的为富阳、余杭、萧山、西湖、风景名胜区;等级为差的为钱塘新区、拱墅区、江干区、滨江区、上城区、下城区.针对杭州森林生态服务功能的提升空间,资源保护和发展面临的压力和挑战,均衡性不够,空间分布西丰东贫等问题,得到了坚持规划高位引领,推进全市国土绿化,加强森林病虫害防控,促进产业转型升级,提高林业综合治理能力等高质量发展杭州市森林资源的启示.

生物能源已经成为当代化石能源的可再生替代能源.综述了生物能源特点及国内外研究现状,分析了我国生物能源发展存在的问题,提出了实现生物能源可持续发展的建议.

白云山生态林场是浙江丽水市重要的生态安全屏障和森林资源培育战略基地,在丽水市经济社会发展和生态文明建设中有着不可替代的重要作用.文章分析林场资源现状及动态变化,进行林场森林经营评价,剖析森林经营存在的问题.结合林场国家森林公园发展定位,提出下一经理期(2021—2030年)森林经营的主要对策,以期提升森林质量,提高森林景观品质,促进林场可持续发展.

中草药具有来源广、毒性低、无污染等优点,是一种颇具潜力的环保型木材防腐剂,其中小檗碱、连翘苷、蛇床子素等中草药提取物具有良好的抗真菌作用.目前,有关利用中草药进行木材防腐的研究已取得一定的研究成果.文中介绍抗真菌中草药的种类、提取方法、中草药木材防腐剂的复配以及中草药-纳米复合改性防腐剂,讨论中草药防腐剂的不足并提出研究展望,以期为今后该领域的研究提供参考.

中华人民共和国成立至今,中国林业发展取得了巨大成就,林业管理制度与治理体系在这一过程中发挥了重要作用.文中从中国国家林业管理部门及其变迁、国家林业管理纵向体系、国家林业部门行政主官的政治维度几个方面展开分析,旨在全面揭示1949年以来中国林业管理体系的发展演变;同时,与美国、德国林业管理体系做简要对比,以期寻求共识为林业治理体系现代化建设提供有益参考.研究表明:中国国家林业管理部门在70年里数次变迁,前期较为频繁,后期逐渐稳定;其变迁历程基本与中国社会经济体制改革过程相适应,宏观调控职能不断凸显,直接市场干预逐渐弱化;核心工作职责从经济生产逐步转向生态建设,从单一森林生态系统转变为"三大生态系统一个生物多样性";以"独立"管理林业事务为主,但近年来不断向自然资源统筹管理体系融入;林业管理结构整体保持"条块结合"不变,但从"条条为主"转变为"以块为主";纵向体系基本稳定,依托于国家行政区划层级从中央向地方、基层不断延伸,从上到下的政策传导机制非常成熟,占有主导地位;从下到上的反馈机制与从外到内的建言献策机制逐步发展;行政主官的政治维度相对稳定,在一定程度上稳定地保障了林业在国家宏观决策中的相对重要性.与国际林业管理体系的比较表明,在当前可持续发展的全球背景下,林业资源管理呈现出向自然资源整体管理整合或向生态管理融入的趋势.该研究可为中国林业治理体系现代化建设提供有益参考.

[目的]通过对不同地理种源杉木α纤维素中的稳定碳同位素(δ13C)与气候因子的相关性分析,筛选出影响杉木树轮δ13C的主导气候因子,解释不同种源差异性响应,为种源层面上区域杉木的培育提供理论参考.[方法]以广西柳州的杉木试验林场的30个种源为研究材料,提取并测量α纤维素中δ13C,利用相关分析和逐步回归分析方法,对杉木树轮δ13C与当年、前1年、前2年的降水、平均温度、最低气温、最高气温、平均相对湿度、最小相对湿度、日照时数及湿润度指数进行分析.[结果]不同种源杉木(1987-2013)树轮δ13C值的变幅为-20.997‰～-25.910‰,表现出较强的一阶自相关,相关系数为0.181 ～ 0.866.大部分种源杉木树轮的δ13C与平均温度、最高气温、最低气温呈显著正相关(p＜0.05),与日照时数呈不显著正相关,与平均相对湿度、最小相对湿度呈极显著负相关(p＜0.01),而与降水及湿润度指数的相关性不统一.逐步回归分析结果发现,30个杉木种源中有26个种源与当年最小相对湿度呈线性关系.[结论]最小相对湿度是影响不同种源杉木树轮α纤维素中δ13C的主导气候因子,而对降水的依赖性很小.杉木不同种源树轮δ13C对气候因子的响应存在明显的滞后效应.研究有效的填补了种源层面上树轮稳定碳同位素对气候响应研究的不足,也为杉木培育及经营管理提供了参考.

竹产业是兼具经济效益和生态效益的林业产业,浙江省杭州市紧紧围绕"美丽杭州"建设,加快推进全市竹产业转型升级,取得了一定成效.文章在总结杭州市竹产业发展取得成效的基础上,分析了竹产业中存在的问题,对进一步推进杭州市竹产业可持续发展、实施兴林富民提出了建议.

通过分析杭州市湿地保护管理现状,在总结杭州市湿地保护取得成效的基础上,指出杭州市在湿地保护工作中存在规划不合理、管理力量薄弱、管理体制不完善等问题.为进一步加强杭州市湿地保护管理工作,提出推进保护地整合优化、提高管理水平和理顺管理体制等保护对策.

提出了应用信息技术建立科学、规划、高效的平台,提高森林资源动态监测和管理水平,为整体林业、智慧林业发展提供决策和优质服务.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">作为一种绿色环保型复合材料,木塑复合材料（WPC）具有较好的尺寸稳定性及力学性能,在室内装饰、室外园林景观、建筑、汽车内饰及包装运输等领域有着广泛应用。WPC主成分定量分析对于其市场监管、生产过程中的质量控制及消费者合法权益保证至关重要。文中总结WPC的主要组分,系统梳理目前国内外WPC主要组分定量分析方法的研究现状,分析各方法的优势与劣势,并针对今后的研究提出建议,以期为WPC主成分定量分析方法的进一步研究和推广应用提供参考。</span>

本文通过分析当前林业科技期刊微信公众平台使用状况,指出期刊编辑部应基于自身特点搭建平台,科学定位、选择适合的微信公众号种类,进行个性化的内容策划,并提供满足用户需求的功能服务.在此基础上,借鉴市场化的营销策略开展微信公众号的推广,扩大传播范围和影响力,以更好地为用户服务.

针对传统竹集成材接长后力学性能大幅度降低的问题,研发了一种可实现竹集成材无限接长且低强度损失率的新产品——定向重组竹集成材.文章介绍了该产品的制备工艺、 基本物理力学性能与应用范围,并与传统竹集成材进行了对比.通过这种制备方法,可以减少竹集成材接长的强度损失,丰富目标产品的尺寸规格,扩大其应用范围,是一种具有市场竞争力的产品.

本文简要论述了主管单位拨款和编辑部自负盈亏两种期刊管理模式,指出林业期刊管理中存在的问题和问题产生的原因,提出在现有办刊条件下林业期刊影响力的提升策略,旨在为林业期刊发展提供借鉴.