BACKGROUND Tobacco stalk, the main waste from tobacco planting, was used as raw material to produce levulinic acid, one of the most important platform chemicals. It was reported that steam explosion was an efficient method to treat lignocellulose to hydrolyze the hemicellulose component. Oxidation treatment combined with catalysis of Al-2(SO4)(3) proved to be efficient for the conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid in our recent report. Here, tobacco stalk was first treated by steam explosion, and then the solid residue was oxidized and converted to levulinic acid in the presence of Al-2(SO4)(3). RESULTS A xylo-oligosaccharide yield of 6.6 g 100 g(-1) was obtained from tobacco stalk via steam explosion. 15.4 g 100 g(-1) (39.6 mol%) yield of levulinic acid was obtained from oxidized tobacco stalk in water at 180 degrees C in 5 h using Al-2(SO4)(3) as a catalyst. As high as 20.8 g 100 g(-1) (53.5 mol%) yield of levulinic acid can be obtained using NaCl as a co-catalyst. CONCLUSION Steam explosion was efficient for the depolymerization of the hemicellulose component of tobacco stalk to xylo-oligosaccharide. A simple salt of Al-2(SO4)(3) showed good catalytic activity for conversion of oxidized tobacco stalk to levulinic acid. Nicotine in tobacco stalk promoted the formation of lactic acid. Thus, the yield of levulinic acid decreased in the presence of nicotine. NaCl enhanced the catalytic performance of Al-2(SO4)(3). (c) 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

[目的]在降低烟梗木质素含量的同时提高发烟剂的负载量对提升加热卷烟用再造烟叶的品质具有重要意义.[方法]采用不同浓度的发烟剂(丙二醇和甘油)处理烟梗碎末,烘干后采用GC-FID、FTIR、TG、SEM等对样品进行表征,通过Klason法测定反应前后烟梗中的木质素含量.[结果]烟梗中木质素含量降低33％～37％;样品中丙二醇的负载量为0.52％～2.57％,甘油的负载量为24.84％～54.10％;丙二醇的存在可极大地提高反应后烟梗碎末的甘油负载量.[结论]该方法在显著降低烟梗碎末中木质素含量的同时,极大提高了烟梗碎末发烟剂的负载量,为加热卷烟用再造烟叶的品质提升提供了新思路.

在企业的生产经营过程中,销售是流程的结尾,而销售也是企业营利水平的体现.该文以山东瑞博斯烟草有限公司为例,论述了传统营销模式在再造烟叶(造纸法)销售中的应用,在面对行业竞争日益激烈的情况下,积极探索,结合现代销售模式,对公司传统营销模式进行改进,构建了一套适用于再造烟叶(造纸法)销售的营销模式,创新了以研发为基础,结合平台优势、考核机制、信息技术管理变革等方法,开展了联合开发营销、技术合作营销、项目合作营销、体验式营销以及一对一营销等多渠道营销模式,实现研发、销售共同参与,减少了销售投入,缩短了研发周期、提升了市场反应效率.

再造烟叶(造纸法)在卷烟降焦减害和降低成本中发挥着重要作用.为进一步提高再造烟叶产品得率以及感官质量,改善再造烟叶在卷烟配方中的应用性,该试验以山东瑞博斯烟草有限公司生产线助留系统为基础,对膨润土的添加点及添加量进行研究试验,研究其对再造烟叶产品得率和感官质量的影响;将添加膨润土的再造烟叶应用于卷烟产品,研究其对卷烟产品烟气及感官质量的影响.试验结果表明,在再造烟叶(造纸法)中添加质量分数为0.8％的膨润土,提高了产品得率和产品感官质量;将该产品添加至山东中烟"泰山"品牌A卷烟中进行烟气指标检测以及感官质量评价,烟气指标中烟气水分提高,焦油含量降低,感官质量刺激性及余味方面有较显著的提升.

为了研究绺子烟与烤烟碎末浓缩液在致香成分方面的差异,将绺子烟碎片与烤烟碎片分别提取、浓缩成浓缩液,并结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析法对其致香成分进行分离、定量.结果显示:绺子烟末浓缩液在致香成分含量上高于烤烟末浓缩液;加香评吸表明,在一定添加比例下,绺子烟浓缩液可以起到丰富香气,改善吸味,降低杂气和刺激的作用.

为研究再造烟丝、梗丝、膨胀丝(以下统称为“三丝”)在不同掺配比例下对卷烟理化指标的影响,分别对“三丝”在五个掺配梯度下进行试验设计,在保证掺配后烟丝水分和卷制后烟支硬度稳定的条件下,考察掺配“三丝”后烟支的物理指标和卷烟烟气指标.结果表明,烟支重量、CO、TPM、烟碱、焦油随“三丝”掺配比例的增加呈下降趋势,卷烟吸阻与之相反;掺配再造烟丝对降低卷烟CO释放量效果较明显,膨胀丝的添加能够有效地降低卷烟重量并提高吸阻,掺配梗丝对降低卷烟TPM、烟碱、焦油的释放置效果显著,因此在烟支卷制过程中“三丝”应合理搭配使用.

应用回归分析的方法，针对气流干燥工艺气体温度与叶丝物理特性之间相互关系的分析，从而得出结论：在试验范围内，工艺气体温度与叶丝含水率存在显著的线性关系，当工艺气体温度每增加10℃，叶丝含水率降低0.35%；工艺气体温度与叶丝整丝率、碎丝率之间的线性关系不显著，但二次方拟合方程的决定系数较高，相互之间存在曲线相关；工艺气体温度与叶丝含水率存在显著的线性关系，当工艺气体温度每增加10℃，叶丝填充值增加0.05cm3/g。

为了研究不同等级的烟叶在不同的CO2膨胀温度条件下,膨胀后烟丝的物理指标、感官质量的变化规律,选取有代表性的烟叶进行小配方模块设计,对各叶组模块分别在240,280,320℃进行膨胀试验.结果表明:上部烟叶耐加工性较好,比较适宜较高的温度进行CO2膨胀加工;中部烟叶比较适宜较低的膨胀温度,以保留烟气的香气和浓度;下部烟叶组织疏松,耐加工性较差,比较适宜较低的膨胀温度;而杂色叶本身感官品质较低,杂气、刺激性较大,对于膨胀后感官质量而言,比较适宜高温膨胀,但膨胀后烟丝结构、填充值略低.

Some experiments were carried out to probe into the differences of the appearance characters,internal quality,chemical components and physical traits among the flue-cured tobacco leaves at different stalk position.The results could help for tobacco leaf grading according to the leaf appearance characters.