Objective To estimate the effect of Xuebijing (XBJ) injection on cardiac injury associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods Sixty CPB patients undergoing cardiac surgery were randomly divided into a control group and an XBJ group (n=30). Patients in the XBJ group received XBJ 12 h prior to operation, at the beginning of operation, and 12 h after the second injection, while those in the control group was given normal saline alone. Their arterial blood gas analysis, inflammatory factors in peripheral blood and related indicators of oxidative stress were measured before the first injection of XBJ(as a baselin value) and after surgery 0, 12, 24, 48 h. The time of mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU), and treatment duration and discharge time were recorded. Results Compared with the control group, XBJ greatly increased arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspiratory oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) and interleukin(IL)-10 amounts, but decreased the levels of troponin I (TnI), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), malonaldehyde (MDA), 8-isoprostane, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β and IL-8 after operation (all P＜0.05). The XBJ group presented shorter time of mechanical ventilation in ICU, treatment duration and discharge time than the control group, without statistical differences. Conclusions XBJ can protect cardiac injury induced by CPB, which may be associated with the down-regulation of inflammatory mediators and oxidative response.

Objective To estimate the effects of endothelial progenitor cell(EPC) on acute rejection after lung transplantation. Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=8): a sham operation group (opening chest alone, group S), a control group[intravenous injection of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) after orthopedic left lung transplantation, group C] and an endothelial progenitor cell group(intravenous injection of EPC+PBS after orthopedic left lung transplantation, group EPC). The donor was SD rat. Total sixteen SD rats were used. The blood of three groups of recipient rats was collected from femoral artery on Day 7 after operation. Then the oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) was measured by blood gas analysis while the concentrations of serum inflammatory factor intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and lymphocytefunctionassociatedantigen-1 (LFA-1) were measured by ELISA. The lungs of sacrificed rats were taken. Then, partial lung tissues were used to measure the dry and wet tissues specific gravity. other part of lung tissues were used to measure concentrations of inflammatory factors interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin(IL)-2, IL-10 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and to evaluate reject reaction by hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining. Results Compared with the group C, PaO2/FiO2 was increased whereas the wet/dry weight ratio and protein concentrations were decreased in group EPC(P<0.05). The levels of serum ICAM-1, LFA, IFN-γ and IL-2 in transplanted lung tissues were down-regulated, but the level of IL-10 was up-regulated in group EPC(P<0.05). The reject reaction score of group C (4.3±1.1) and group EPC(2.4±0.8) were higher than the score in group S(0). Conclusions EPC is able to relieve lung acute reject reaction after lung transplantation. Key words: Lung transplantation; Acute rejection; Endothelial progenitor cell

探究sRNA GLmZ对大肠埃希菌(E.coli)代谢乙酸和柠檬酸的影响,为工业生产乙酸和柠檬酸提供依据.用高效液相色谱法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)测定和比较E.coli M15、转染空质粒的E.coli M15和转染sRNA GLmZ质粒的E.coli M15在各生长阶段代谢产生乙酸和柠檬酸的含量.与E.coli M15相比,转染sRNA GLmZ质粒的E.coli M15在对数期的生长速度明显减缓,经重复测量方差分析,3种细菌代谢产生的两种有机酸均有显著差异,再进行简单效应检验,转染sRNA GLmZ质粒的E.coli M15代谢产生的乙酸量降低,代谢产生的柠檬酸量显著增加(P<0.01).转染质粒可降低细菌的生长速度;sRNA GLmZ可以促进E.coli M15柠檬酸的产生,但也抑制乙酸的产生,因而提出将sRNA GLmZ质粒转染至细菌中,改造细菌乙酸和柠檬酸代谢途径的设想,为工业生产乙酸和柠檬酸提供参考.

Objective To study the effects of copper (Cu),iron (Fe),zinc (Zn),and aluminum (Al) exposure on oxidative stress and beta amyloid (Aβ) protein deposition in human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and to provide evidences for senile dementia prevention.Methods SH-SY5Y cells were treated with various doses of Cu,Fe,Zn,and Al,respectively.The viability of the cells was determined with 3-[4,5-dimedthylthiazol]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cultured SH-SY5Y cells was detected with xanthine oxidase method;the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) was measured with colorimetry;the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in culture supematant fluid was assessed with thiobituric acid reaction (TBA) method.Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected using fluorescent probe of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA).The content of Aβ1-42 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Cu,Fe,Zn,and Al could suppress the viability of SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration-dependent manner.When treated with copper sulfate (CuSO4) at the dosages of 50,200,and 400 μ mol/L,the survival rates of the SH-SY5 Y cells were 90.47％,74.81％,and 64.97％;at the dosages of 1,2,and 4 mmol/L,the survival rates of the SH-SY5Y cells were 93.08％,78.28％,and 56.10％ when exposed to ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and 2.21％,85.30％,and 62.72％ when exposed to aluminum chloride (AlCl3);the survival rates of the the SH-SY5Y cells were 91.76％,76.51％,and 61.27％ when treated with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) at the dosages of 50,100,and 200 μmol/L,respectively.The survival rates of the SH-SY5Y cells exposed to various concentrations of the four metallic compounds were all significantly lower than that of the blank control group (P ＜ 0.05 for all).When treated with the four metallic compounds,the intracellular activity of SOD decreased but the intracellular ROS increased significantly;the activity of GSH-PX declined but the content of MDA and Aβ1-42 increased significantly in culture supematant fluid compared to those of the control (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Copper,iron,zinc,and aluminum compounds could induce damage in SH-SY5Y cells and result in deposition of Aβ protein by ROS generation and oxidative stress pathway.

Objective To explore the effects of copper, iron, zinc and aluminum on the neurotoxi-city and mechanism in SH-SY5Y cells.Methods SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of copper sulfate (50,200,400μmol/L),iron sulfate and aluminum chloride (1,2,4 mmol/L),and zinc sulfate(50,100,200 μmol/L) respectively.Cell viabilities were measured by MTT assay.ELISA kit method were performed to evaluate the deliverances of glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β), phosphorylation of the sites in GSK-3β-Ser9, Akt and phosphorylated Akt(Ser473).The apoptosis rate of detected cells was by double-staining with Annexin-V and PI.Results With the increase of the concentration of copper, iron, zinc and aluminum increased, the viability of SH-SY5Y cell decreased gradually.The cell viability of each dose group were significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05).The expressions of Akt were significantly lower in iron and aluminum group, than that in control group (P<0.05).The expression of GSK-3β had no significant difference(P>0.05).The levels of phosphorylation of GSK-3β and Akt in all groups were significantly lower than those of control group(P<0.05).With the concentration of copper, iron, zinc and aluminum increased, the apoptosis rates were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).Conclusions Copper, iron, zinc, aluminum could induce neurotoxicity, inhibit the activity of Akt, activate the glycogen synthase kinase 3β and lead to the neuronal apoptosis.

The exact cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the role of metals in its etiology remain unclear. We have used an analytical approach, based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistical analysis, to study the profiles of a wide range of metals in AD patients and healthy controls. AD cannot be cured and the lack of sensitive biomarkers that can be used in the early stages of the disease may contribute to this treatment failure. In the present study, we measured plasma levels of amyloid-β1-42(0.142±0.029μg/L)and furin(2.292±1.54μg/L), together with those of the metalloproteinases, insulin-degrading enzyme(1.459±1.14μg/L) and neprilysin(0.073±0.015μg/L), in order to develop biomarkers for AD. Partial least squares discriminant analysis models were used to refine intergroup differences and we discovered that four metals(Mn, Al, Li, Cu) in peripheral blood were strongly associated with AD. Aberration in homeostasis of these metals may alter levels of proteinases, such as furin, which are associated with neurodegeneration in AD and can be a used as plasma-based biomarkers.

Objective To determine the changes of serum contents of five phosphatides in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Methods Serum samples were collected from 70 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 81 normal controls for determination of phosphatidylserine (PS),phosphatidylinostiol (PI),phosphatidylcholine (PC),phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and sphingomyelin (SM) by HPLC,and for comparison between the two groups.Results The serum contents of PS ((0.139±0.031) mg/L vs.(0.154±0.029) mg/L)),PI ((0.021±0.016) mg/L vs.(0.027±0.017) mg/L),PC ((0.150±0.039) mg/Lvs.(0.385±0.022) mg/L) and PE ((0.070±0.026) mg/Lvs.(0.087± 0.044) mg/L) were lower in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus than in the normal controls,with statistically significant differences (all P＜0.05).No statistically significant difference was discovered in the serum content of SM ((0.039±0.026) mg/L vs.(0.044±0.028) mg/L) between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Serum PS,PI,PC and PE decline in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and they may play adjuvant roles in the screening of diabetes mellitus among normal population.