介绍动车组走行部件关键部件轴箱、牵引电机及齿轮箱处的轴承类型和应用工况特点.基于实际应用案例,分析轴箱轴承、牵引电机轴承、齿轮箱轴承的失效模式、特征、判断依据和失效原因,为类似失效现象提供借鉴.

角接触球轴承在实际使用中通常成对安装,现有轴承摩擦力矩测量装置一般适用单套轴承,成对角接触球轴承摩擦力矩缺少合适的测量设备.针对这一问题,对滚动轴承摩擦力矩的影响因素进行理论研究与分析计算,在此基础上设计了成对角接触球轴承摩擦力矩测量装置.介绍了成对角接触球轴承摩擦力矩测量装置的原理、技术指标、结构、电气系统、软件系统,并以成对7038角接触球轴承为测试对象进行启动摩擦力矩和动态摩擦力矩测试试验,得到启动摩擦力矩和动态摩擦力矩随轴向载荷增大而增大的变化趋势.

以飞轮轴承常用的角接触球轴承B7004C为例,基于其基本结构特点,首先进行了飞轮轴承打滑原理分析,研究了保持架与钢球、保持架与引导挡边之间的动力学运动关系,以及保持架的打滑动力学方程.其次,基于飞轮轴承刚体动力学模型,针对打滑磨损形式,创建了飞轮轴承打滑动力学仿真模型,从转速、轴向预紧、径向载荷3个方面对保持架的打滑情况进行了动力学仿真分析.最后,对飞轮轴承进行了保持架打滑试验,借助高速摄像机测试了不同条件下保持架的打滑率,对试验结果与仿真结果进行了对比分析,验证了动力学模型的合理性,以及仿真数据的可靠性.结果表明,轴承匀速运转时,保持架打滑率不大于1％.转速较低时,保持架打滑率的波动较明显,打滑率较高;随着转速升高,保持架打滑率及波动性逐渐降低.随着轴向预紧增大,保持架打滑率波动范围逐渐降低.其中,轴向预载30 N时,保持架的负打滑率最为明显,圆周摆动较明显.径向载荷20～50 N时,保持架打滑率有上升趋势,但变化范围不大,小于±0.1％.

以飞轮轴承单元作为研究对象,在径向游隙区间为12～18μm时,对飞轮轴承单元进行性能分析与试验研究.研究内容主要包括飞轮轴承单元的滚动体与滚道之间法向载荷、接触应力、接触角、轴承单元刚度、摩擦力矩的影响分析.通过游戏对飞轮轴承单元性能的理论计算分析与试验研究,结果表明,径向游隙区间为12～18μm时,飞轮轴承单元在轴向预紧载荷条件下,随着径向游隙的增大,飞轮轴承单元滚动体与滚道间法向载荷与接触应力逐渐降低,飞轮轴承单元初始接触角逐渐增大;随着径向游隙的增大,飞轮轴承单元轴向刚度和角向刚度逐渐增大,径向刚度逐渐降低,飞轮轴承单元摩擦力矩逐渐增大.所以,游隙对飞轮轴承单元的法向载荷、接触应力、初始接触角、刚度及摩擦力矩有着至关重要的影响,通过研究游隙对飞轮轴承单元性能的影响,对飞轮轴承单元设计、选配起到了指导作用,为飞轮轴承单元的应用提供了技术支撑.

以RV减速器为研究对象,对RV减速器的传动转矩、曲柄轴、输出轴、摆线轮进行受力分析,确定摆线轮与针轮啮合的齿数,并对修形齿形摆线轮与针轮啮合时各齿的接触变形量及啮合作用力进行计算.对RV减速器摆线轮轴承的承载能力进行计算与分析,得到圆锥滚子轴承和保持架组件的径向载荷.根据圆锥滚子轴承的外载条件,应用Romax Designer软件对圆锥滚子轴承进行内部载荷分析与寿命校核,进而全面掌握摆线轮轴承在RV减速器中的承载能力和工作性能.研究结果表明,摆线轮轴承的载荷工况及可靠性对RV减速器的传动性能有重要影响.通过对RV减速器传动系统的载荷进行计算与分析,可以得到摆线轮轴承的内部载荷、接触应力、寿命,能够有效指导摆线轮轴承的设计.

一、试验目的 滚针轴承径向结构紧凑,内径尺寸和载荷能力与其他类型轴承相同时,外径最小,因此特别适用于径向安装尺寸受限制的支承结构.又因其结构类型可选用滚针和保持架组件、滚针轴承、无内圈滚针轴承、双列滚针轴承、双列无内圈滚针轴承和穿孔型冲压外圈滚针轴承、封口型冲压外圈滚针轴承.本文以探究滚针轴承内部轴承钢滚针与渗碳钢套圈之间的接触变形关系为研究目的,针对非标封口型冲压外圈滚针轴承BK4135进行滚针静压试验(如图1所示为滚针轴承BK4135结构示意图).研究当其只承受径向载荷时,滚针和套圈的变形与失效形式.

RV减速器传动是新兴起的一种传动,它是在传统针摆行星传动的基础上发展出来的,不仅克服了一般针摆传动的缺点,而且因为具有体积小、重量轻、传动比范围大、寿命长、精度保持稳定、效率高和传动平稳等一系列优点,日益受到国内外的广泛关注.RV减速器以其体积小、抗冲击力强、扭矩大、定位精度高、振动小和减速比大等诸多优点被广泛应用于工业机器人、机床、医疗检测设备和卫星接收系统等领域.目前,世界上许多国家高精度机器人传动多采用RV减速器,因此,RV减速器越来越受到学术研究以及科技发展的青睐.

根据现有轴承试验机数据采集系统通信的远程控制与拓展问题,在考虑兼容性及成本的基础上,选择LabWindows/CVI开发平台,通过PLC的第三方接口函数库LIBNODAVE与西门子S7-200 SMART进行数据通信,将试验数据存储到MariaDB数据库中.试验结果表明,该方案的可行性高,扩展性强,且软件开发成本低,程序响应速度快.

根据圆锥滚子轴承既能承受径向又能承受轴向力的特性,本文通过施加联合载荷对圆锥滚子轴承30311进行赫兹接触理论计算,得到联合载荷下30311轴承的最大法向载荷、最大接触应力和最大变形量.利用Romax Designer强大的功能模块对安装有背对背30311轴承的轴系进行分析,仿真计算出30311轴承在该轴系工况条件下的最大法向载荷、最大接触应力和最大变形量.经过对比分析,得到理论计算与Romax Designer仿真分析结果的一致性,从而更全面准确的了解和掌握圆锥滚子轴承在联合载荷下的内部载荷分布情况.

Because of constrained structure space of grinder and visual field,it is very difficult for alignment by debugging personnel during grinding ring raceway of bearings.Therefore,the space analysis principle is used to design external debugging device,and the datum alignment problem is solved on external machine tool.Then the debugged supporting seat is installed integrally on grinder.After verification,the external debugging device is not only convenient for alignment by debugging personnel,but also improves accuracy and efficiency of datum alignment.

一、 引言 近年来,高铁、动车及轻轨地铁发展迅速,圆锥滚子轴承作为高铁轴箱轴承、轻轨轴箱轴承也日益受到人们的关注.不少学者对高铁轴箱双列圆锥滚子轴承的承载能力与疲劳寿命进行了研究与探讨,同时也有学者针对深沟球轴承的内部载荷进行分析.但是,针对单列圆锥滚子轴承内部载荷分布对寿命影响的研究相对较少,而追其溯源,从轴向径向载荷比作为考量点来分析圆锥滚子轴承载荷分布对寿命影响的研究更是无从借鉴.

The problem solving process and method of computer-aided innovation design platform Pro/Innovator are introduced.Taking accuracy for swing arm of oil cylinder manipulator as a case,according to Pro/Innovator and TRIZ innovation method theory,the smart little people method is used to build model for analyzing problem and setting goal, the function analysis,cutting pattern analysis and causal analysis are carried out for model.The problem is solved by u-sing three groups of opposite technical contradictions as starting point,and seven solutions are formed by using innova-tion knowledge information base.The optimal solution is obtained by building evaluation model and analyzing value of solution.After verification,the optimal solution improves greatly accuracy of swing arm of manipulator,which plays a promotion role on continuous and automatic feeding of bearing grinder.

The internal load distribution of tapered roller bearings is analyzed under different loading modes.Based on this,the life of raceway is treated statistically to obtain calculation method for fatigue life rating of the bearings according to product law of failure probabilities.Taking the tapered roller bearings 30311 as examples,the internal load distribution and life of the bearings with different load ratios are analyzed and obtained.The load distribution and contact stress of the bearings with different radial and axial load ratios are simulated and analyzed based on RomaxCLOUD,and the validity of theoretical analysis is verified.The group-based phase-out test is used to verify theoretical calculation of life.The life of the bearings with different load ratios is also different under same equivalent dynamic load,which is consistent with theoretical analysis.

According to structure of PK type cage pockets,the special broaching device is designed.The device is mainly composed of transmission system,workpiece support mechanism,workpiece clamping mechanism and workpiece loading-unloading mechanism.The transmission system is driven by servo motor to realize swing and indexing movement by means of a worm gear.The support and clamp of workpiece are controlled by electric,and the automatic working cycle of broaching device for pockets is realized.The surface accuracy of PK type cage pockets is improved,and the work efficiency is improved.

The calculation and analysis are carried out for load of tapered roller bearing 31315 (failure part)used in a certain type of light rail.The internal load is calculated by using CobraAhs 6.1 to analyze load of cage.The model is es-tablished for cage,and the modality of cage is analyzed by using ABUQUS to obtain its ten-order frequency.The finite element analysis of cage is conducted to find out weak points of cage pocket.

The structure and operating principle of radial drilling machine Z3080 are analyzed to satisfy the processing of mounting holes for slewing bearings.The original mechanical feed handle is controlled by oil cylinder,and the mi-cromotion feed handwheel is directly driven by motor.The movement of spindle box and spindle are realized by rotation of indexing turntable to determine position of holes.The scribing operation could be omitted,and the machining accura-cy of positioning is improved at one time.The processing and use requirements are met.

The shedding problem for pressure retaining collar of tapered roller bearing in life test is analyzed.Two kinds of solving methods for test device are adopted.The test indicated that using a lock sleeve or locking device could prevent the collar from shedding effectively.

Aiming at the early flaking phenomenon at end of needle roller in needle roller bearing test,the bending de-formation of shaft is caused by higher load and the stress concentration is appeared at edge of needle roller by the analy-sis and theoretical derivation.The improved test results show that the bending rigidity of shaft is enhanced by using the stepped shaft,which can meet the test requirements.The maximum deflection-angle of needle roller full length should be less than 0.001 rad.

为模拟异形辊子(斜撑式)超越离合器的加载→卸载→转位→再加载的循环过程,设计了针对该类超越离合器在锁止状态下的疲劳试验机,介绍了试验机的原理和主要功能机构,并对模拟实际工况下的转角变化、循环次数、振动和加载扭矩等参数进行分析.

通过外观检查、硬度检测、金相及断口分析等理化检验手段对水泥设备用调心滚子轴承的失效过程进行了分析.结果表明,轴承失效的模式为热裂,主要原因是轴承在运转中发生偏转,造成挤压摩擦并产生大量热量,最终导致材料的物理性能发生改变,产生裂纹并发生断裂.