根据悬挂系统的结构形式,转向架分为轴箱内置转向架和轴箱外置转向架.相对于轴箱外置转向架,轴箱内置转向架结构紧凑、质量小,有利于降低轮轨磨耗和通过小半径曲线,具有良好的线路适应性.针对时速350 km/h货运动车组,考虑高铁线路和既有线路运行工况,通过动力学仿真软件SIMPACK计算车辆分别采用轴箱内置转向架和轴箱外置转向架的轮轨力和车轮磨耗,对比分析2种转向架的安全性、平稳性以及线路适应性.研究结果表明:在保证2种转向架具有相同蛇行运动稳定性即临界速度的前提下,与轴箱外置转向架相比,内置转向架的轮轨力降低20％以上,车轮磨耗量和踏面磨耗深度降低30％以上,充分体现了轴箱内置转向架的动力学性能优越性.

针对普通转臂节点刚度恒定的弱点,文章介绍一种适用于轨道车辆的新型变刚度液体橡胶复合转臂节点,重点对该型转臂节点的结构型式和工作原理进行论述,测试分析漏液和温度对液体橡胶复合转臂节点的静态刚度、动态刚度的影响.结果表明:漏液对液体橡胶复合转臂节点静态径向刚度特性影响较小,对动态径向刚度特性影响明显;温度对满液状态液体橡胶复合转臂节点动态径向刚度特性影响明显,对漏液状态液体橡胶复合转臂节点动态径向刚度特性影响不明显.相关研究为液体橡胶复合转臂节点的性能优化提供支撑,液体橡胶复合转臂节点的应用可进一步提升轨道车辆系统动力学性能,对于改善轮轨匹配关系具有重要意义.

针对检修维护中存在的轴箱轴承温升故障问题,采用系统的故障分析方法探究了轴承温升原因,提出了应对措施,优化了轴承温升监控标准.

Through frequency analysis, the excitation of railway vehicles is divided into track excitation, wheel/rail interaction excitation and vehicle hunting excitation. Track excitations is summarized both for the existing railroad tracks and newly built high-speed railroad tracks, in which the main frequency is obtained. Then the wheel/rail interacting excitations resulting from the wheel and rail profiles' roughness are concluded, which contribute high-frequency vibrating on the vehicle and track. Furtherly, the hunting excitation of vehicle itself is concluded through presenting the wavelength of a free wheelset hunting and a bogie hunting. It is concluded that a vehicle, especially a high-speed train, bears a wide range of excitation frequencies from the track geometry, wheel/rail interaction and vehicle hunting.

Based on the analysis of the existing gauge changeable technology, a scheme for the bogie of 600/1 067 mm gauge changeable EMUs was put forward, and the basic strength of the key parts of the gauge changeable was checked. The analysis results show that the proposed scheme can realize 600/1 067 mm gauge transformation in principle, and the basic strength check of key components meets the requirements, so it has a strong possibility of engineering implementation.

针对变轨距转向架轮盘制动装置的横移问题,设计了3种不同控制方法的随动机构,在保证与现有制动装置接口匹配的情况下,能较为可靠地实现横向滑移和锁定功能.并计算分析了随动机构的受力状态,对3种方案的优缺点进行了对比分析,综合考虑采用液压半主动随动机构具有更好的工程实用价值.

介绍了出口土耳其六轴铰接轻轨车辆转向架的主要结构和技术参数,对其关键部件进行了强度计算和试验,对整车进行了动力学性能计算和试验,结果表明转向架的各项性能均满足标准的要求.

“一带一路”战略的实施,推动了亚欧大陆桥铁路运输的发展和丝绸之路经济带沿线国家的经贸合作,而不同国家和地区间轨距的不同一直是国际铁路联运中亟待解决的难题.概述了国外变轨距转向架的发展现状,分析了高速动车组转向架中采用变轨距技术的机理.在此基础上,提出了一套适用于高速动车组转向架的变轨距轮对方案,对其结构特点和变轨距机理进行了分析和说明,并对车轴进行了强度校核.

简要概述了国外变轨距转向架的发展现状,设计出一种基于标准动车组的变轨距转向架结构方案,对锁紧机构和转向架各部件进行了分析和说明,并对1435 mm和1520 mm两种轨距情况下车辆的运行平稳性和曲线通过性能进行了仿真分析.分析结果表明:变轨距转向架车辆在两种轨距线路的直线运行平稳性和曲线通过安全性能指标均满足相关技术标准,所设计的变轨距转向架方案具有较强的可行性.

针对动车组转向架转臂定位座焊缝出现焊缝未熔合、焊缝咬边、焊接变形难控制及生产效率低等问题,通过分析转臂定位座的结构特点,优化了焊接工艺参数及焊接顺序.结果表明,优化后的焊接工艺有效解决了焊缝质量问题,焊后无需进行返修、调修.该方法节省了大量的劳动成本和生产成本,显著提高了生产效率.

According to the working principle of gauge-changeable bogie, a set of high-speed EMU clamp follower scheme for 1 435/1 520 mm gauge was designed, and the process of gauge-changeable bogie was introduced. The analysis showed that the scheme could realize the automatic conversion of brake clamp by following the wheelset.

通过对铁路客车转向架制动闸片安装结构的分析,确定了闸片锁铁打开、闸片脱落的根本原因.文章基于锁铁故障原因分析,提出了两种防止闸片脱落的紧固优化方案,并从结构复杂性、可靠性及经济性等多方面进行了对比分析和优选.

600/1067 m m变轨距转向架技术的研究是基于国家重点研发计划子课题"变结构走行系统列车关键技术研究"而提出的.开展600/1067 m m变轨距转向架技术的研究有助于完善变轨距转向架技术体系,增强我国变轨距转向架技术实力.通过对比国外现有变轨距技术,从车辆技术参数、线路以及限界等方面对600/1067 m m变轨距转向架的研发可行性进行了分析.

By comparing the existing gauge changeable technology abroad, the type selection analysis and scheme determination of each component of 600/1 067 mm gauge changeable bogie were carried out. The rail-changing mode of 600/1 067 mm gauge changeable bogie was determined, and the structural scheme and the rail-changing process of each component of 600/1 067 mm gauge changeable bogie were determined.

The development of the abroad mature gauge-changeable technology was introduced. According to the situation in China, a gauge-changeable EMUs (applicable to 1 435/1 520 mm gauge) bogie was designed. The characteristics of structure and the process of gauge-changeable were explained in detail, and the reliability of the key part was analyzed and checked.

The ground transformation facility is a kind of inseparable device with the gauge-changeable bogie, and the gaugechangeable operation process of bogie should be completed in cooperation with the ground transformation facility. The typical ground transformation facilities and their structures in foreign countries were outlined, and the key technological problems in the design of ground transformation facility were discussed in detail. A new ground transformation facility was designed, and its structural characteristics and dimensions were analyzed and explained, as well as the gauge-changeable process of the ground transformation facilities.

随着铁路客车不断提速及运行里程的不断延长,车辆发生异常振动的故障几率也随之大大增加.通过实际线路测试和车辆状态检查,并经过技术分析、更改了轴箱定位结构尺寸,确定了更改技术方案.实际线路测试验证了优化技术方案的可实施性和有效性.

利用振动噪声测试设备对装备状态下安装了阻尼环的高铁车轮进行了测试,得到了其模态阻尼比、振动响应以及辐射声压随固有频率的变化规律。通过对比分析,发现阻尼环对车轮的质量、刚度的影响可以忽略,同时阻尼环能够显著增加车轮中高频段的模态阻尼比,从而显著抑制了这些频段的振动峰值。通过振动的抑制,在一定程度上降低了车轮的辐射声压。通过结果分析最终确认阻尼环起到了减振降噪的效果。

针对阿根廷城轨中采用第3轨下部受流车辆的受流器在运营中的问题,重点对受流器受流滑块和受流靴的材料进行分析对比,最终采用球墨铸铁材料.通过装车试验,证明该材料可以替代原有灰铸铁材料,并具有提升强度、降低磨耗量的性能.

文章针对莫桑比克客车项目的需要,开发出一种"目"字型窄轨客车用构架。该转向架具有结构强度高、线路适应能力强、重量轻、结构简单可靠、便于维护的特点。按国际通用的构架强度评判标准UIC515-4,对转向架关键受力部件进行了静强度和疲劳强度分析计算和试验。结果表明,该转向架达到了预期设计的功能和性能。