This study aims to analyze and compare the clinical and pathological characteristics of anorectal malignant melanoma (AMM) among Chinese patients and those from East Asia. Clinical data of 17 AMM patients who were treated at Jiangsu Province Hospital (JPH) in China from 2013 to 2023 were collected, and further compared with 544 East Asia AMM patients reported in 20 literature materials from 2011 to 2023. Furthermore, the 4-fold table of the Pearson Chi-square test was used to calculate and compare the pathological characteristics of AMM patients in JPH and East Asia. Fisher exact probability was performed to statistically analyze the relationship between clinical–pathological indicators and lymphatic metastasis in AMM patients in JPH. The median age of initial diagnosis for AMM patients in JPH and East Asia were 69 years and 61.4 years, respectively. Several medical indicators are similar between the JPH and East Asian patients, and the differences are not statistically significant ( P > .05), including gender, S-100 Protein, Human Melanoma Black 45, Ki-67, tumor size, lymphatic metastasis, and surgical approach. Moreover, indicators showed differences ( P < .05) are tumor location, Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T cells 1, depth of invasion, clinical stage, and adjuvant therapy. In AMM patients in JPH, lymphatic metastasis is significantly correlated with tumor size and depth of invasion ( P = .017 and .004, respectively). In AMM patients from JPH, lymphatic metastasis is significantly correlated with tumor size and depth of invasion. More indicators are similar between AMM patients in JPH and East Asia populations, such as gender, S-100 Protein, Human Melanoma Black 45, Ki-67, tumor size, lymphatic metastasis, and surgical approach, while less indicators have differences.

目的 探讨子宫颈恶性淋巴瘤在子宫颈TCT及细胞蜡块中的细胞病理学表现、免疫细胞化学特征及鉴别诊断.方法 利用巴氏染色制作3例子宫颈TCT涂片并初步阅片,将剩余液基细胞学标本制成细胞蜡块,并行免疫细胞化学染色,识别肿瘤的性质.结果 子宫颈淋巴瘤最常见的临床症状为不规则阴道出血,影像学通常表现为子宫颈占位.细胞学镜下表现为较单一的异常增生的淋巴细胞,离散分布或松散聚集成团,核深染,核质比高,核膜厚,核染色质粗颗粒状,可见核分裂象和核仁.免疫细胞化学CD20、CD45阳性.治疗为化疗或手术联合化疗,随访3例患者均存活,平均生存期为20.5个月.结论 子宫颈TCT筛查联合细胞蜡块及免疫标记,可以早期快速准确识别淋巴瘤,使患者避免过度手术.

To analyze and compare the clinicopathological characteristics of male breast cancer (MBC) among Chinese patients and those from East Asia and other regions. Clinicopathological data from 3 kinds of data sources, including 31 MBC patients in Jiangsu Provincial Hospital (JPH) from 2014 to 2021 in China, 20 literature data on East Asian MBC patients from 2014 to 2021, and 3102 MBC patients registered in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database from 2014 to 2019, were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The average ages of first-diagnosis MBC patients in JPH and East Asian patients were 59.7 and 62.3 years old, respectively, which were younger than those of SEER patients (66.5 years old). Between East Asian and SEER patients, the status or rates of main breast cancer type, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, breast subtype, and TNM stage were relatively close, and their differences were not statistically significant (P > .05). Differences were observed in chemotherapy, surgery, pathological grade, and lymph node positivity (P < .01). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed between the JPH and East Asian patients (all P > .05). In JPH and SEER, linear regression relationships were observed between the lymph node positivity rate, tumor size, and histological grade. JPH and East Asian MBC patients were younger than SEER patients. Between East Asian and SEER patients, the status of the main breast cancer type, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, breast subtype, and TNM stage were similar, but there were differences in chemotherapy, surgery, pathological grade, and lymph node positivity. The findings of this study should prove to be helpful to deepen our understanding of East Asian MBC.

目的 探讨超声内镜引导细针穿刺抽吸术(EUS-FNA)结合沉降式液基细胞学(LBC)制片技术在胰腺病变诊断中的应用价值.方法 169例胰腺病变患者的EUS-FNA标本采用沉降式LBC制片技术行细胞学检查,评估EUS-FNA标本的满意率.以术后病理组织学诊断结果为金标准,分析细胞学诊断结果.结果 169例胰腺EUS-FNA标本满意率为93.5％.细胞学诊断准确率为 84.2％(133/158),灵敏度为 84.3％(102/121),特异度为 83.8％(31/37),阳性预测值为 94.4％(102/108),阴性预测值为62.0％(31/50).结论 胰腺病变患者术前行EUS-FNA细胞学评估有较高的灵敏度和特异度.EUS-FNA细胞学检查结合沉降式LBC制片技术在胰腺病变诊断中具有较高的临床应用价值.

目的:探讨肺鳞癌成纤维细胞生长因子受体1(fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,FGFR1)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)、磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源基因(phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)蛋白表达与临床病理特征及预后的相关性.方法:收集南京医科大学第一附属医院2011-2013年临床病理资料完整的肺鳞癌标本149例,制作石蜡组织芯片,采用免疫组织化学MaxVision法检测肿瘤细胞FGFR1、bFGF、PTEN蛋白表达水平,并通过电话和门诊对患者进行术后随访.结果:①肿瘤细胞FGFR1阳性率为51.7％(77/149),其表达与吸烟史(P=0.019)、淋巴结转移(P＜ 0.001)及分化程度(P＜ 0.001)相关;bFGF阳性率为61.7％ (92/149),其表达与淋巴结转移、T分期相关(P＜0.05);PTEN阴性表达率为57.0％(85/149),其表达缺失仅与分化程度相关(P＜0.05).FGFR1表达与bFGF表达、PTEN表达缺失存在相关性(P＜0.05).②单因素生存分析显示,肿瘤细胞FGFR1、bFGF阳性与无复发生存期(relapse free survival,RFS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS)均呈显著相关(P＜0.05);PTEN表达缺失与预后无明显相关性.③Cox多因素生存分析显示,FGFR1表达情况是肺鳞癌患者RFS和OS的独立预后因子(P＜0.05).结论:肺鳞癌FGFR1阳性表达与肿瘤低分化、有淋巴结转移及吸烟史显著相关,且与bFGF表达及PTEN表达缺失显著相关,肿瘤细胞FGFR1阳性提示患者生存期较短,是肺鳞癌患者的独立预后因素.

目的 探讨浸润性肺腺癌中MSI、PD-L1表达与临床病理特征及预后的相关性.方法 采用免疫组化EnVision法检测292例浸润性肺腺癌中MSI及PD-L1表达,应用单因素、多因素进行PFS、OS生存分析.结果 MSI阳性常见于女性(P=0.011)、临床T分期早期(P=0.009)、PD-L1阴性(P=0.013)的肺腺癌.临床T分期早期(P=0.012)是肿瘤细胞MSI-H阳性的独立相关因素.PD-L1阳性多出现于临床T分期晚期(P=0.015).MSI阳性组平均生存时间和中位生存时间均比阴性组长,MSI-H组平均生存时间和中位生存时间均比MSI-L+MSS组长.PD-L1表达与预后呈正相关(PFS:P=0.004;OS:P=0.005);PD-L1表达是肺腺癌患者的独立预后因子(PFS:P=0.028;OS:P=0.049).结论 肺腺癌中MSI及MSI-H表达均与临床T分期早期有相关性,提示MSI、MSI-H可作为肺腺癌发生过程中的早期分子事件,PD-L1阳性提示患者预后较好,MSI及MSI-H均与PD-L1阴性有相关性.

髓母细胞瘤是常见于儿童的中枢神经系统肿瘤,主要发生于小脑.目前治疗首选手术切除,术后辅以放、化疗.现有的治疗方案使患者总体生存率可达70％.随着分子生物学的发展,将髓母细胞瘤分成4个分子亚型,每个分子亚型有着独特的流行病学、分子生物学及预后特征.

目的 探讨泌尿系统神经内分泌肿瘤(neuroendocrine tumors,NETs)的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断、治疗及预后.方法 回顾性分析16例泌尿系统NETs(膀胱11例、输尿管1例、肾脏4例)的临床病理特点、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断、治疗及预后,并复习相关文献.结果 16例NETs中男性11例,女性5例;年龄48～84岁,平龄65岁;小细胞癌10例,副神经节瘤4例,类癌及不典型类癌各1例;12例患者有随访资料,其中6例死亡,均为小细胞癌(3～21个月),6例存活,包括4例膀胱副神经节瘤(7 ～88个月)、1例肾类癌(14个月)和1例膀胱小细胞癌合并尿路上皮癌(42个月).结论 NETs发生在泌尿系统中较为罕见,主要为小细胞癌、副神经节瘤及类癌.根据其典型组织形态及神经内分泌免疫组化标志物(Syn、CgA、CD56)阳性鉴别,需谨慎排除转移可能.副神经节瘤及类癌预后较好,小细胞癌侵袭性高,预后差.

胶质母细胞瘤是成人恶性程度较高的脑肿瘤,临床病史较短,预后差.胶质母细胞瘤具有遗传异质性,在临床工作中需综合组织学形态与分子特征进行诊断与治疗.该文主要就胶质母细胞瘤的组织亚型及分子遗传学特征进行综述.

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) defined as RNAs of more than 200 nucleotides in length don't en-code protein but are closely related to the development of breast cancer.Plenty of lncRNAs are dysregulated in breast cancer,and they can regulate the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer through various mechanisms such as transcription and post-transcriptional regulation which is greatly important to guide the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.

Substantial evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in many biological mechanisms, and their dysregulation are also involved in the development and progression of cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). Long intergenic non-coding RNA 00324 (LINC00324), a 2115 bp ncRNA, is located on chromosome 17p13.1. The biological function and molecular mechanisms of LINC00324 in GC remains undiscovered. In this paper, we found that the expression level of LINC00324 was significantly upregulated in GC tissues compared with the corresponding normal tissues. The overexpression of LINC00324 was correlated with advanced TNM stage, larger tumor size, and lymph node metastasis as well as poor prognosis. Further experiments revealed that knockdown of LINC00324 could suppress the proliferation of GC cells. RNA transcriptome sequencing technology revealed that FAM83B may be a significant downstream target gene of LINC00324. LINC00324 could combine with the RNA-binding protein (RBP) human antigen R (HuR) and thus stabilize the expression of FAM83B. Moreover, rescue assays showed that the reduced FAM83B expression partially reversed the promotion of cell growth in GC induced by the overexpression of LINC00324. In conclusion, our study revealed that LINC00324 acted as an oncogene in tumorigenesis and progression, suggesting that it could be a new biomarker in diagnosis and prognosis of GC.