目的：分析评价不同条件护士的护患沟通能力，提高护理质量。方法采用护患沟通能力问卷对合肥市某三甲医院的在岗护士进行调查。结果护士护患沟通能力得分为（148.35±11.31）分，其中沟通价值观得分较低，沟通行为维度得分最高，信息交流与反馈居中。不同性别、年龄、工作年限的护士护患沟通能力总分间差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。接受过护患沟通培训的护士沟通价值观得分高于未接受培训者，培训是否足够与沟通能力总分及各维度得分呈正相关性（ P＜0.05）。结论三甲医院应该有针对性的开展护士护患沟通能力培训，提高其培训频次。

目的：分析影响青年护士护士沟通能力的因素，为有针对性的提出干预措施提供理论基础。方法：使用护士沟通能力及艾森克人格问卷调查某省级三甲医院护士，使用多因素线性回归分析筛选护士沟通能力的影响因素。结果：本组共调查462人，其中护士沟通能力平均得分为（148.3±11.3）分；单因素分析表明，不同性别、年龄、工作年限和职称的护士沟通能力总分间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；而随着护患沟通培训是否足够与护患沟通能力总分及各维度得分呈现正的相关性（P<0.05）；多因素分析显示，性别、护患沟通培训是否足够、E问卷（外倾性）、N问卷（神经质）和 P问卷（精神质）是护士沟通能力的影响因素。结论：在注重护士沟通能力培训的同时也应注意其人格特征的培养，以促进医患关系的改善和构建和谐的医患关系。

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are nonprotein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. Recently in mammals, thousands of long noncoding RNAs have been identified and studied as key molecular players in different biological processes with protein complexes. As a long noncoding RNA, maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) plays an important role in many cellular processes. However, the mechanism underlying MEG3 regulatory effects remains enigmatic. By using the specific interaction between MS2 coat protein and MS2 RNA hairpin, we developed a method (MS2-tagged RNA affinity purification and mass spectrometry (MTRAP-MS)) to identify proteins that interact with MEG3. Mass spectrometry and gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that MEG3 binding proteins possess nucleotide binding properties and take part in transport, translation, and other biological processes. In addition, interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) and poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 3 (PABPC3) were validated for their interaction with MEG3. These findings indicate that the newly developed method can effectively enrich lncRNA binding proteins and provides a strong basis for studying MEG3 functions.

Maternally Expressed Gene 3 (MEG3) encodes a lncRNA which is suggested to function as a tumor suppressor. Previous studies suggested that MEG3 functioned through activation of p53, however, the functional properties of MEG3 remain obscure and their relevance to human diseases is under continuous investigation. Here, we try to illuminate the relationship of MEG3 and p53, and the consequence in hepatoma cells. We find that transfection of expression construct of MEG3 enhances stability and transcriptional activity of p53. Deletion analysis of MEG3 confirms that full length and intact structure of MEG3 are critical for it to activate p53-mediated transactivation. Interestingly, our results demonstrate for the first time that MEG3 can interact with p53 DNA binding domain and various p53 target genes are deregulated after overexpression of MEG3 in hepatoma cells. Furthermore, results of qRT-PCR have shown that MEG3 RNA is lost or reduced in the majority of HCC samples compared with adjacent non-tumorous samples. Ectopic expression of MEG3 in hepatoma cells significantly inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis. In conclusion, our data demonstrates that MEG3 functions as a tumor suppressor in hepatoma cells through interacting with p53 protein to activate p53-mediated transcriptional activity and influence the expression of partial p53 target genes.

Objective: To summarize the effectiveness of endo-scopic multiband mucosectomy (EMBM) in the treatment of sub-mucosal tumors (SMTs) and the methods for its nursing coopera-tion. Methods: The treatments of 33 cases of submucosal tumors with diameters less than 2 cm from January 2012 to August 2014 were selected. The nurses' cooperation to accomplish the opera-tions from such procedures as preparing items, installing the sur-gical equipment, ligating precancerous mucous membranes, electrocoagulation resection and wound treatment, as well as their pre-surgery, while-surgery and post-surgery nursing were ana-lyzed. The effectiveness of treatment and the situations of the pa-tients' recovery were observed and followed up. Results: With close nursing cooperation, EMBM was successfully performed on 33 patients' 34 lesions, and the percentage of complete resection reached 97% with short operation periods and less cases of acute hemorrhage in the surgeries, and the post-surgery slight ache af-ter breastbone could be relieved if given symptomatic nursing. Conclusions: To comprehensively carry out quality nursing to perfect patients' psychological nursing and well implement pre-surgery preparations, and to closely observe and cooperate and meanwhile to enhance the monitoring of vital signs in surgeries, and to enhance post-surgery health education and comprehen-sive nursing, are conducive to the reduction of complications re-sulted from EMBM treatment for submucosal tumors originating from mucous membranes, located in submucosa and with diame-ters less than 2 cm, as well as the strengthening of surgical effec-tiveness.

BACKGROUND:Thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported in mammalian genomes. These RNAs represent an important subset of pervasive genes involved in a broad range of biological functions. Aberrant expression of lncRNAs is associated with many types of cancers. Here, in order to explore the potential lncRNAs involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) oncogenesis, we performed lncRNA gene expression profile analysis in 3 pairs of human HCC and adjacent non-tumor (NT) tissues by microarray.METHODOLOGY:Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were detected by human lncRNA microarray containing 33,045 lncRNAs and 30,215 coding transcripts. Bioinformatic analyses (gene ontology, pathway and network analysis) were applied for further study of these differentially expressed mRNAs. By qRT-PCR analysis in nineteen pairs of HCC and adjacent normal tissues, we found that eight lncRNAs were aberrantly expressed in HCC compared with adjacent NT tissues, which is consistent with microarray data.CONCLUSIONS:We identified 214 lncRNAs and 338 mRNAs abnormally expressed in all three HCC tissues (Fold Change ≥2.0, P<0.05 and FDR <0.05) with the genome-wide lncRNAs and mRNAs expression profile analysis. The lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed, which may be used for predicting target genes of lncRNAs. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that BC017743, ENST00000395084, NR_026591, NR_015378 and NR_024284 were up-regulated, whereas NR_027151, AK056988 and uc003yqb.1 were down-regulated in nineteen pairs of HCC samples compared with adjacent NT samples. Expression of seven lncRNAs was significantly correlated to their nearby coding genes. In conclusion, our results indicated that the lncRNA expression profile in HCC was significantly changed, and we identified a series of new hepatocarcinoma associated lncRNAs. These results provide important insights about the lncRNAs in HCC pathogenesis.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which represent a new frontier in molecular biology, play important roles in regulating gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. More and more lncRNAs have been found to play important roles in normal cell physiological activities, and participate in the development of varieties of tumors and other diseases. Previously, we have only been able to determine the function of lncRNAs through multiple mechanisms, including genetic imprinting, chromatin remodeling, splicing regulation, mRNA decay, and translational regulation. Application of technological advances to research into the function of lncRNAs is extremely important. The major tools for exploring lncRNAs include microarrays, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), Northern blotting, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), RNA interference (RNAi), RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP), crosslinking-immunopurification (CLIP), and bioinformatic prediction. In this review, we highlight the functions of lncRNAs, and advanced methods to research lncRNA-protein interactions.

医学遗传学的新成就正推动着医学科学的迅速发展。在医学遗传学的课堂教学中,适时适当地将理论与实践相结合,对激发学生的学习兴趣,拓展学生的知识面,使学生掌握遗传学基本知识和基本技能,增强学生运用理论知识解决实际问题的能力,都有着积极的作用。

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a versatile class of non-coding RNAs involved in regulation of various biological processes. miRNA-122 (miR-122) is specifically and abundantly expressed in human liver. In this study, we employed 3′-end biotinylated synthetic miR-122 to identify its targets based on affinity purification. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the affinity purified RNAs demonstrated a specific enrichment of several known miR-122 targets such as CAT-1 (also called SLC7A1), ADAM17 and BCL-w. Using microarray analysis of affinity purified RNAs, we also discovered many candidate target genes of miR-122. Among these candidates, we confirmed that protein kinase, interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent activator (PRKRA), a Dicer-interacting protein, is a direct target gene of miR-122. miRNA quantitative-RT–PCR results indicated that miR-122 and small interfering RNA against PRKRA may facilitate the accumulation of newly synthesized miRNAs but did not detectably affect endogenous miRNAs levels. Our findings will lead to further understanding of multiple functions of this hepato-specific miRNA. We conclude that miR-122 could repress PRKRA expression and facilitate accumulation of newly synthesized miRNAs.

ObjectiveTo construct a maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3) eukaryotic expression vector,to screen stable hepatoma cell lines with high expression of MEG3,and to analyze the effect of MEG3 overexpression on p53 transcriptional activity.MethodsA complete exon sequence based on the sequence of MEG3 in the GenBank was designed and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.0 to construct recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.0-MEG3.It was identified by sequencing and tranfected into hepatoma SK-Hep-1 cells.The SK-Hep-1 cells with stable expression of MEG3 were selected by G418 and confirmed by RT-PCR.Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System was used to analyze p53-mediated transcriptional activity in MEG3 overexpression cells.ResultsThe eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.0-MEG3 was constructed.SK-Hep-1 cells stably expressing MEG3 were selected by G418 with 1000 mg/L at 2 week.Results of Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay suggested that overexpression of MEG3 stimulated p53-mediated transactivation.ConclusionThe SK-Hep-1 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines are obtained with high expression of MEG3,which can facilitate further evaluation of the function and mechanism of MEG3.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory non-coding RNAs. They are involved in diverse pathways and play important roles in gene regulation in eukaryotes. Since the expression of miRNAs is spatial and temporal-specific, computational prediction followed by experimental validation is still an important approach in miRNA discovery. Decreasing false positive ratio is very challenging in miRNA prediction. Here we employed ensemble learning to construct the classifier SVMbagging to predict miRNA precursors. The results of the training, test and independent test datasets demonstrate that SVMbagging is robust, has low false positive ratio and good generalization ability. Especially when the threshold is 0.9, the specificity of SVMbagging is as high as 99.90% and the sensitivity is higher than 26.00%. Therefore, SVMbagging is suitable for genome-wide prediction. We applied SVMbagging in genome-wide prediction of miRNA precursors in human genome. We obtained 14933 candidate miRNA precursors at the threshold of 0.9. Among them, 4481 miRNA precursors have perfect matches with small RNA reads when aligning with three groups of small RNA datasets from high-throughput sequencing technologies. The number of miRNAs is very close to the true positives estimated theoretically according to the performance of SVMbagging. Finally, we applied experimental methods to validate 32 candidate miRNAs. Two of them were confirmed to be true miRNAs.

Objective To explore the different expression of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) between HepG2.2.15 cells,which were stably transfected HBV gene,and HepG2 cells,and then analyze the expressions of the TLR7-induced inflammation factors in HepG2.2.15 cell line.Methods Real-time PCR was used to analyze the different expressions of TLR7,IL-6 and TNF-α between in HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells.After the cells were treated with Gardiquimod,a TLR ligand,at 0,1,3 and 10 μg/ml for 6 h,the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by real-time PCR,and the protein secretion of the 2 cytokines was determined by ELISA after 48 hours’ treatment.Western blot analysis was used to analyze the activation of NF-κB in HepG2.2.15 cells after Gardiquimod stimulation for 20 min.Results The expression of TLR7 in HepG2.2.15 cells was about 30-fold higher than that in the HepG2 cells.The mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in HepG2.2.15 cells than in HepG2 cells (about 7.5 and 9.3 folds respectively),even without Gardiquimod stimulation.After the cells were stimulated by Gardiquimod for 6 h,although the mRNA of IL-6 and TNF-α in HepG2 cells were slightly increased (compared with the control,P<0.05),the increase of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA levels was more significant in HepG2.2.15 cells than in HepG2 cells (compared with the control,P<0.01,and with HepG2 cells,P<0.01).The cells were treated with Gardiquimod for 48 h,the induced expressions of the 2 cytokines protein levels had a consistent changes with the mRNAs level at a dose-dependent manner (compared with control P<0.01).While HepG2.2.15 cells were stimulated by Gardiquimod for 20 min,the nuclear immigration of NF-κB p65 subunit was significantly increased.Conclusion The activation of TLR7 upregulates the expressions of the IL-6 and TNF-α,suggesting that the TLR7 might be involved in the pathogenesis of the viral hepatitis.

According to the current situation,we summarize and analyze the dilemma and strategies of maintenance bilingual teaching in course of cell biology.The suggertions concerning raising the efficiency in class,enhancing the supply of bilingual teachers,selecting textbooks and establishing the correlated policiesare are put forward.These measures may be beneficial to the bilingual teaching in course of cell biology.

染色体制备是细胞遗传学的重要技术手段,可以进行白血病、先天愚型等遗传性疾病的检查,是重要的临床辅助手段.在给医学生开设染色体制备实验课过程中,我们用骨髓细胞进行染色体标本的制备,并在教学过程中摸索了一些经验对实验过程进行了改进,简化了操作程序,提高了实验成功率,收到了良好的教学效果.

半数抑制浓度、半数致死量等半数量是分析和比较药效及毒效的重要数值,可用以测定药物安全性、比较效价等,其具体应用范围广泛,但计算相同.本文阐述了半数抑制浓度(IC50)的概念、含义、计算原理以及几种具有实际应用价值、精密度较好的计算方法.重点讨论在MTT法测药物对细胞增殖抑制的影响中计算IC50的特点和注意事项等,对正确、简便求解IC50值进行了初步探讨.

目的评估本校2002级临床医学专业学生医学遗传学期末考试试卷的质量。方法选择2002级临床医学专业全部学生的医学遗传学期末考试试卷进行统计分析。结果考试成绩呈正态分布,平均分71.2分。标准差10.8分,难度0.76,区分度0.25。结论本试卷成绩呈正态分布,试题难度适中,区分度尚可,较全面、客观评价了学生对本门课程的掌握程度。

目的评估本校03级临床药理学专业学生临床药物治疗学考试试卷的质量。方法选择03级临床药理学专业全部学生的临床药物治疗学试卷进行统计分析。结果考试成绩呈正态分布,平均成绩78.34分,标准差12.56分,平均难度0.65,总区分度0.29。结论本试卷成绩呈正态分布,试题难度稍大,区分度尚可,较全面、客观评价了学生对本门课程的掌握程度,对考试改革、题库建设提供有宜参考。