联苯菊酯是一种广泛应用的拟除虫菊酯类农药,但有关联苯菊酯对海水鱼类的毒性机理研究较少.为研究亚急性暴露下联苯菊酯对真鲷的毒性效应,在急性毒性试验基础上,选取5个浓度梯度对真鲷进行半静置暴露试验,测定不同暴露时间体内酶活性变化,并开展暴露25 d后肝细胞彗星试验.结果表明,亚急性暴露下真鲷血清中乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、血细胞中Na+-K+-ATP酶(Na+-K+-ATPase)、肝和鳃中谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)等酶活性先后出现了诱导或抑制现象.暴露浓度低于0.10μg·L-1,联苯菊酯对真鲷血清中AChE、血细胞中Na+-K+-ATPase和肝中GST等酶活性主要表现为诱导作用(P＜0.05).暴露浓度高于0.10 μg·L-1,AChE活性受到显著抑制(P＜0.05);暴露浓度高于020μg·L-1,Na+-K+-ATPase、GST活性均受到显著抑制(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,各暴露浓度组肝细胞DNA均有不同程度损伤,彗星拖尾率、彗星尾长、彗尾DNA相对含量、Olive尾距与对照组之间均差异显著(P＜0.02).回归分析显示,暴露浓度与各试验指标数据呈线性关系,R2值范围在0.906～0.984之间.暴露浓度高于0.10 μg·L-1时,联苯菊酯可显著影响真鲷体内酶活性,并对肝细胞DNA产生不同程度损伤,具有一定遗传毒性和潜在生态风险.

通过单因素试验优化盐渍海马齿的制作工艺参数,为海马齿的精深加工利用提供数据参考.经前处理、3次烘干、加盐揉搓、高温蒸煮等工序制作盐渍海马齿,其中,第1次烘干工艺流程的温度、时间和加盐量等参数直接影响盐渍海马齿成品的品质.因此,以感官评价和含水率为指标,优化烘干温度、烘干时间和加盐量等参数.结果表明:选择第1次烘干最适温度为60℃,烘干时间8 h,加盐量为4％,制得的盐渍海马齿呈光泽的茶褐色,具特有滋味和气味,组织鲜嫩,纯正爽口,展开后叶形完整,含水量为10.39％,氯化物11.3％,亚硝酸盐物质未检出,大肠菌群<0.3 MPN·g-1,金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌等致病菌均未检出.

为了从海水养殖环境中发掘高效硫氧化菌资源,从福建湄洲湾近海养殖区沉积物中分离得到一株硫氧化细菌B2-1,通过形态学特征、生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因序列分析对其进行鉴定,并研究了不同培养条件(pH、温度、Mg2+、NH4+)下菌株氧化硫代硫酸盐的能力.结果显示,菌株B2-1为革兰氏阴性菌、短杆状、带鞭毛,菌株B2-1的16S rRNA基因序列与 Thiomicrorhabdus indica 13-15AT相似性达 100％,初步确定其为 Thiomicrorhabdus sp.B2-1.菌株B2-1在pH 6.0～9.0(最适pH8.0)、20～35℃(最适温度30℃)范围内均可氧化硫代硫酸盐(S2O32-);菌株B2-1的最适Mg2+添加浓度为50 mmol/L,其氧化能力随着Mg2+浓度增加呈先增强后抑制的变化规律;添加NH4+可以缩短延滞期,且菌株的氧化能力随着NH4+浓度增加而不断增强,当添加NH4+浓度为187 mmol/L,S2O32-氧化率可从47.4％提高到95.5％(P＜0.05).综合来看,Thiomicrorhabdus sp.B2-1在海水养殖环境治理方面具有潜在的应用价值.

为了评价联苯菊酯的遗传毒性,研究了不同浓度联苯菊酯对菲律宾蛤仔肝胰腺细胞DNA的损伤作用.研究分别在0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20 mg/L联苯菊酯暴露25 d后,取菲律宾蛤仔肝胰腺细胞并用单细胞凝胶电泳(彗星实验) 进行分析,以彗尾DNA相对含量( TDNA%)、彗星尾长(TL) 、Olive尾矩(OTM) 和拖尾率(TR) 作为DNA损伤的指标,实验结果表明: 与空白对照组相比,各处理组菲律宾蛤仔肝胰腺细胞DNA均有不同程度的损伤且各检测指标值均显著增加(P<0.05);随着联苯菊酯浓度的增加,各检测指标均呈规律性的增长趋势,具有高度的相关性(r>0.99),表现出良好的剂量效应关系.评价彗星实验较好的检测指标为彗尾DNA相对含量和Olive矩,实验获得的多元回归方程具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01),可以有效地推断联苯菊酯对菲律宾蛤仔的染毒毒性浓度.

[Objective]To study the acute toxicity effect and safe concentration of bifenthrin and ethofenprox to Pagrosomus major.[Method]The acute toxicity of bifenthrin and ethofenprox on P.major was studied by semi-static bioassay test,and their safety evaluation was made.[Result]At water temperature of (20.4 ±0.3)℃,24 h LC50 ,48 h LC50 ,72 h LC50 and 96 h LC50 values of bifenthrin on P.major were 2.50,1.36,0.96 and 0.84 μg/L,respectively,and those of ethofenprox on P.major were 17.80,2.81,1.04,0.54 mg/L,respectively.The safe concentrations (SC) of bifenthrin and ethofenprox on P.major were estimated as 0.12 μg/L and 0.02 mg/L,respectively.Bifenthrin and ethofenprox belonged to ex-tremely high toxicity grade and high toxicity grade on P.major, respectively.[Conclusion]When bifenthrin was used for fishery drugs,its dose and duration should be cautiously adjusted.

The acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of deltamethrin was studied in four species of mariculture organisms including the crustaceans Portunus pelagicus and Marsupenaeus japonicus, and the bivalve Meretrix meretrix and Ruditapes philippinarum. The results indicated that there were significant positive correlations between the mortality rate of the mariculture organisms and the concentration and exposure time of deltamethrin. The LC50values at 24 h, 48 h and 96 h for the crustacean P.pelagicus were 2.07×10-4, 1.70×10-4and 1.10×10-4mg/L respectively, and the values for M.japonicas were 7.32×10-4, 3.90×10-4and 1.43×10-4mg/L. The safe concentrations for these two species were 3.44×10-5mg/L and 3.32×10-5mg/L respectively. The LC50values at the 3 time points for the bivalves M.meretrix were 1.52,0.30 and 0.27 mg/L respectively,and for R.philippinarum they were 0.67, 0.11 and 0.06 mg/L respectively. The safe concentrations for these two species were 3.51× 10-3mg/L and 9.50×10-4mg/L respectively. Obviously the two crustacean species were more sensitive to deltamethrin than the bivalves.Next,the bivalves M.meretrix and R.philippinarum were exposed to the seawater containing deltamethrin at average concentrations of 0.86–0.05 mg/L and 0.37–0.03 mg/L respectively for 24–96 h, and we found that the accumulation coefficients of deltamethrin in these two species were 2.57–12.40 and 3.03–27.85 respectively. The accumulation rate of deltamethrin in the two bivalve species was positively corelated with the exposure time of deltamethrin, but negatively correlated with the concentration of deltamethrin. There were significant differences in sensitivity and accumulation rate of deltamethrin between different species of marine aquaculture organisms.

利用牡蛎壳、PVC管和网片在福建东山湾养殖区海域构建2种类型的多层生态床开展养殖海域生态修复试验.根据2015—2016年开展的3次调查资料,设置养殖鱼排多层生态床区和对照区,并对其底层游泳动物的种类组成、 数量分布、 优势种和多样性等情况进行了比较分析研究.调查共采集游泳动物17种,修复A区、 修复B区的种类数量均比对照区明显增加;第1次和第2次跟踪调查,修复A区的生物量分别比对照区高0.88倍和1.34倍,修复B区的生物量分别比对照区高1.46倍和0.28倍.修复A区和修复B区的优势种分别比本底调查增加3种、1种,出现了晶莹蟳(Charybdis lucifera)、 善泳蟳(C.natator)、 青石斑鱼(Epinephelus awoara)和褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)等经济种类,两个修复区的第一优势种日本蟳(C.japonica)的生物量均高于对照区.两次跟踪调查中,修复A区的生物多样性水平均高于对照区.总体上,多层生态床对修复海洋渔业资源具有一定作用.

近年来,随着沿海城市工业的飞速发展,船舶含油废水、工业排污水和城市生活污水等排放的影响,海洋受到石油烃的污染越来越严重.本文就2009-2014年相关数据,对福建中南部沿海的莆田、泉州、漳州和厦门四个海区中养殖的僧帽牡蛎石油烃总量水平的分布特征进行了探讨.结果表明:僧帽牡蛎中石油烃平均含量:围头湾＞泉州湾＞厦门湾＞佛昙湾＞东山湾＞大港湾＞旧镇湾＞湄洲湾＞诏安湾,其中泉州海区的围头湾养殖僧帽牡蛎中石油烃超标严重.2009-2014年间各个海区养殖僧帽牡蛎中石油烃含量基本都是呈波浪型变化,其中2010年和2013年养殖僧帽牡蛎中石油烃含量较高.2009-2014年间福建中南部沿海养殖僧帽牡蛎总体上受到石油烃不同程度的污染.单因子污染指数(Ⅰ)在0.08～23.30之间,六年监测的54份僧帽牡蛎中有26％样品受到重度污染,37％样品受到轻度污染,其余样品未受污染.

Screening sulfide-oxidizing bacteria from sediments of marine cage culture area, then exploring the growth characterization of the bacteria. The medium with sodium thiosulfate as the sole energy substrate was used to isolate a sulfide-oxidizing bacterium. The species of the strain were identified by a variety of methods of Gram staining, plate colony morphologic observation, morphological characteristics research, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the molecular phylogenetic tree construction. An efficient thiosulphate-oxidizing bacterium was isolated from Bachimen of Fujian, named B1 -1. The strain was Gram-negative bacteria, short rod and identified as Halothiobacillus hydrothermalis ( GenBank accession no. KU362926 ) . Under the culture conditions of 28°C, pH 8 and 150 r/min, the phases of logarithmic of strain B1 -1 had come in 12 h, then the thiosulfate was oxidated in 36 h, the medium pH was down to 4. 8 and the concentra-tion of S2 O2-3 was reduced from initial 2. 28 g/L to 0. 36 g/L in 60 h. The strain of sodium thiosulfate oxida-tion was up to 84. 2%, which showed great application prospect.

The effects of deltamethrin on the activities of acetyl cholinesterase ( AChE ) and Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase) in lymph, the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in gill and liver, and the histology of gill and digestive diverticula of Ruditapes philippinarum were studied at the present study. The results showed that, at low concentration, (0.0070 mg?L-1) deltamethrin treatment had no significant effect on the enzymes activities (P>0.05). In the medium concentration treatment group (0.014 mg?L-1, 0.020 mg?L-1), the activities of AChE and Na+-K+-ATPase in the lymph increased first and then decreased significantly (P<0.05), the activities of GST in the gill and liver increased gradually, becoming significantly (P<0.05) at the end of the exposure experi-ment. In the high concentration treatment group (0.027 mg?L-1), the activities of AChE and Na+-K+-ATPase in the lymph and the activities of GST in the liver decreased continuously with time (P< 0.01), while the activities of GST in the gill decreased first and then increased significantly (P< 0.05). These results indicated that, under low and medium concentration conditions, the enzymes activities exhibited a time- and dose-dependent pattern, which increased and then decreased. Under high concentration condition, the enzymes activities decreased continuously. The histological results showed that deltamethrin had a clear dose-dependent cytotoxic effect. After exposure to deltamethrin, epithelial cells of the gill filament exhibited cilia loss and disorientation, and epithelial cells of diges-tive diverticula exhibited expansion and inclusion body formation.

根据2011年东山湾海域海水石油类含量、表层沉积物石油类含量以及7种养殖贝类体石油烃含量的监测结果，分析评价结果表明：①除个别站位，东山湾海域海水石油类含量均符合《海水水质标准》第一类标准。春季东山湾海水中石油类的含量分布由湾内向湾外呈降低之势，夏季呈湾口高湾内低的格局。春季石油类含量与Chl-a 之间呈显著正相关关系；②沉积物石油类含量均符合《海洋沉积物质量》第一类标准。其含量分布呈现湾口高湾内低、湾中部高西部低的格局；③7种养殖贝类体内种间石油烃含量分布从大到小依次排列为：菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapesphilippinarum）、华贵栉扇贝（Chlamysnobilis）、僧帽牡蛎（Saccostreacu-cullata）、杂色鲍（Haliotisdiversicolor）、波纹巴菲蛤（Paphiaundulata）、泥蚶（Tegillarca granosa）、缢蛏（Sinonovaculaconstricta），均符合《海洋生物质量》第一类标准。

Surface sediments were collected from the Xiamen Gulf in March 2010. The sediments were analyzed with modified SEDEX (sequential extraction and separation analysis method) to obtain Ads-P (absorbed phosphorus), Fe-P (iron-bound phosphorus), Ca-P (phosphate bound onto CaCO3), De-P (detritus phosphorus), and OP (organic phosphorus). Along with environmental parameters of sediments, the geochemistry characters of phosphorus were discussed.The mean contents of Ads-P, Fe-P, De-P, Ca-P, OP, and TP (total phosphorus) were 9.80, 48.69, 14.07, 136.89, 91.97, and 401.41μg?g-1, respectively. The results showed that TP was weakly influenced by terrestrial input, and De-P, OP and Fe-P were mainly influenced by terrestrial input. Ads-P and Ca-P were mainly from biogeochemical processes of the sea area. Ca-P, De-P and OP with heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, and As) possessed chemical coupling, and might have similar geochemical behavior in the deposition process.

In this paper, acute toxic experiment of petroleum hydrocarbon water-accommodated fractions was done on Chlamys nobilis. The results showed that acute toxic data of 24 h LC50 , 48 h LC50 , 72 h LC50 and 96 h LC50 were 233. 08, 147. 30, 81. 67and 75. 16 mg/L respectively, and the safe concentration was 17. 65 mg/L. Accumulation effects of different concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon water-accommodated fractions were also done on Chlamys nobilis. The results showed that accumulation effects were proportional to concen-tration and time in 120 hours. In stress of different concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon water-accommo-dated fractions, the activitiy of POD and SOD in Chlamys nobilis showed characteristics of promoting by low concentration and inhibiting by high concentration, and the activitiy of AKP in liver and gills in Chlamys nobil-is could be promoted.

In order to detect the DNA damage in digestive glands cells of Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to different concentrations of fenvalerate for 25 days respectively,R. philippinarum were divided into six groups and evaluated with comet assay method. The DNA damage parameters such as the comet rate,the tail length,the percentage of tail DNA,the tail moment and the olive moment were statistically analyzed by Comet Score 1. 5. On the basis of one-dimensional regression equation we selected greater influenced fly parameters after comparing with SPSS 16. 0 and constructed the multiple-dimensional regression equation. The results showed that DNA damages in digestive glands cells of all exposed groups were observed and the parameters of each exposed group were significantly different from the control group( P 0. 01). The DNA damage in digestive glands cells of control group was minimal. The tail rate of control group was 8. 06% ± 1. 94%,the percentage of tail DNA,tail moment and olive moment were nearly 0. The value of each parameter of all experimental groups with exposure concentration from 0. 067 5 mg / L to 1. 080 0 mg / L was significantly increased. Our research indicated that there was a dose-effect relationship between fenvalerate and DNA damage in digestive glands cells,which increased regularly with the exposure concentrations. All DNA damage parameters were highly relevant to the exposure concentrations. The one-dimensional regression equation( P 0. 05) and multiple-dimensional regression equation( P 0. 02) had significant statistic meaning,which might be an effective way to estimate the exposure concentration and time of fenvalerate. Our research provided newmethods and clues to analyze the genotoxicity of aquatic species caused by the pollutant of pyrethroid pesticides in the coastal sea of China,which could be broadly applied.

In order to analyze the genotoxicity of Marsupenaeus japonicas caused by the pollutant of pyrethroid pesticides in the coastal sea of China, here, we applied ethofenprox in toxicological experiment on M. japonicas for the first time. In our study, M. japonicas were divided into six groups and exposed to different concentrations of ethofenprox for 25 days. DNA damage in hepatopancreas cells of M. japonicas was evaluated with comet assay. The DNA damage parameters such as the comet rate, the tail length, the percentage of tail DNA, the tail moment and the olive moment were statistically analyzed by Comet Score 1.5. On the basis of one-dimensional regression equation, we selected greater influenced parameters after comparing with SPSS 16.0 and constructed the multiple- dimen-sional regression equation. The results show that DNA damage in hepatopancreas cells was observed in all exposed groups and the parameters of each exposed group were significantly different from the control group (P<0.01). There was a dose-effect relationship between ethofenprox and DNA damage in hepatopancreas cells, which in-creased regularly with the exposure concentrations. The regression analysis and coefficient indicated that all DNA damage parameters were highly relevant to the exposed concentrations. The one-dimensional regression equation (P<0.05) and multiple-dimensional regression equation (P<0.005) had significant statistic meaning, which might be an effective way to estimate the exposed concentration and time of ethofenprox.

Series of experiments were performed to determine the acute toxicity and the accumulation of Deltamethrin to Penaeus japonicas by the semi-static test method.In addition,behavioral changes at each deltamethrin concentration were determined for the individuals.The results showed that the 24h,48h,72h,96h LC50 value of Deltamethrin was 0.00090mg/L,0.00050mg/L,0.00019mg/L and 0.00012mg/L,resp.The safe-concentrations in 96h of Deltamethrin was 0.046μg/L.During the accumulation test,it showed that the concentration of deltamethrin in water and in vivo accumulation of deltamethrin in shrimp was adversely related.

Three stations were established to investigate the macrobenthos in Yuandang Lake in Xiamen during the period of August 2007 and May 2008.Three stations were deep water district of lake(YD-Ⅰ),interior lake(YD-Ⅱ)and shallow water of district of trunk(YD-Ⅲ).A total of 9 species were identified in the macrobenthos,which belong to 3 phyla,3 classes,8 families and 9 genera,among which there were 5 species of Polychaeta,2 species of Mollusca,and 2 species of Amphipoda.Capitella capitata(Fabricius) and Neaethes glandicincta(Southern) are the dominant species in benthic community.The total biomass is 59.83g/m2,and the total inhabited density is 1168ind./m2.Shannon-Wiener information index diversity(H'),Pielou's evenness index(J),Margalef's species richness index(d),and Simpson's dominance index(D2) of species in YD-Ⅱwere higher than other stations.Benthic community composition,structure,and spatio-temporal variation closely related to the environment in Yuandang Lake.The ecological environment of Yuandang Lake is frangible.

Based on the detecting data of TPH in marine cultured organisms in the last three years,the study was carried out on the distribution and variation of TPH contents in the three groups(Fish,Shellfish,Crustacean).The results indicated that the contents of TPH in these organisms varied from(1.00~179.71)×10-6·wet weight,with an overall average of 10.60×10-6·wet weight.As for variation of year,the mean contents of TPH were ranked as: 2006>2007>2005,and Shellfish> Crustacean> Fish for variation of group.As far as shellfish was concerned,TPH content was the highest in Sinonovaculla Constricta and the lowest in abalone.TPH contents in shellfish tissues were ranked as: stomach content >musculature> succus of mantle cavity.The mean pollution index of TPH was less than one,and overall was slight pollution.