The influence of wave (acoustic and high frequency electromagnetic) treatment of biomass—fuel oil—water three-component suspensions on the results of their gasification is investigated. The influence of gasification process implementation conditions on the yield and composition of the produced syngas was studied.

. In studies of changes in oil viscosity under the effect of ultrasound treatment, the ultrasound effect is associated with changes in the size of collective colloidal structural units. In the article presented, on the basis of developed by the author of fractal theory of viscosity, the analysis of the impact of ultrasound vibration treatment on the viscosity of the oil containing aggregates of colloidal particles of a fractal structure. The formula for estimating the influence of the amplitude and frequency of vibration pressure fluctuations on the viscosity of oil is obtained. The correspondence of the available experimental data on the effects of vibrations and predictions of the fractal theory of viscosity is shown.

This study has shown that the deposition of iron salts (iron acetylacetonate) in extremely low concentrations (0.1 wt %) on lignin leads to an abrupt increase in the ability of lignin to absorb 1 kW microwave radiation and lignin conversion to a hydrogen-containing gas with a hydrogen recovery of up to 90% in terms of hydrogen contained in lignin. It has been found that the deposition of metals (Fe and Ni) on lignin makes it possible to directionally change the selectivity of the lignin degradation process under the action of microwave radiation; therefore, this process can be classified as a plasma catalytic degradation. The results can be used to minimize the amount of the catalyst and propose an efficient method to produce hydrogen from lignin waste.

The effect of an electromagnetic field on the composition of petroleum feedstock is discovered, and an increase in the yield of light fractions during its cracking is observed. It is supposed that the reason behind this phenomenon is the heating of Fe3O4 colloidal particles contained in the feedstock; heating facilitates refining of their surface and intensifies their catalytic behavior. An equation is suggested for estimating the rate of heating of Fe3O4 particles owing to viscous friction provided by oscillatory motions in the electromagnetic field.

The effect of iron-containing solid wastes from metal working, asphaltene and paraffin deposits, and that of an electromagnetic field on activated low-temperature viscosity breaking of bituminous oil has been studied. It has been found that the use of additives and an electromagnetic field makes it possible to reduce the temperature of oil cracking to 397°C, increase the yield of light petroleum products (gasoline, diesel, and gas oil fractions), and increase the quality of produced fractions.

The oxidative desulfurization of material containing oil sludge using hydrogen peroxide and transition metal compounds followed by subjecting the products of the oxidation of sulfur compounds to thermal treatment has enabled an 83% degree of desulfurization to be achieved.

The technology of processing sludge includes electromagnetic activation of raw materials, catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, and oxidative desulfurization. Preliminary activation reduces electromagnetic temperature catalytic processes at 60–80 ℃, increasing the yield of light products, reduce sulfur content in liquid products at 13–19

The interaction of hydrogen peroxide aqueous solutions with crude oil and high-boiling refined products, such as fuel oil and vacuum gas oil, in the presence of an oxidative cracking catalyst in the form of iron oxide nanosized particles is studied. This study is aimed at modeling processes occurring in the case of using hydrogen peroxide solutions in the catalytic cracking of crude oil. It is found that, in the presence of iron particles, the reaction of hydrogen peroxide decomposition causes the cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons. This process may be accompanied by reduction in the viscosity and density of crude oil and refined products. The reaction of catalytic cracking performed under these conditions leads to a marked increase in the fraction of light hydrocarbons in the composition of crude oil and high-boiling refined products.

Calculations are performed to determine ionization potentials and wave parameters for different types of bonds, which allows the minimum time of activation of hydrocarbons containing those bonds to be calculated as well. Results are presented from a study of the effect of the parameters of electromagnetic radiation on the yields of products in the thermal cracking of non-hydrofined oil sludge. The results were used to construct the first mathematical models that make it possible to both interpolate and extrapolate the parameters of the sludge-cracking operation.

The results of modeling of thermal cracking of oil sludge activated by electromagnetic radiation are reported. An experimental-statistical model of dependence of wide gas oil fraction yield on radiation frequency, electromagnetic radiation power, and oil sludge activation time is obtained to optimize the cracking process conditions.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ СДВИГОВОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ДЛЯ СНИЖЕНИЯ ВЯЗКОСТИ НЕФТИВ.И.Лесин 1 , И.А.Клепиков 2 , С.В.Лесин 3 1 ИПНГ РАН, 2 ГОУ ВПО МГПУ, 3 РГУНГ им

S. N. Volgin – Dr. Eng. Sci., prof. I. B. Grudnikov – Dr. Eng. Sci., prof. Yu. L. Ishchuk – Dr. Eng. Sci., prof. (Ukraine) I. P. Karlin – Dr. Chem. Sci., prof. V. L. Lashkhi – Dr. Eng. Sci., prof. A. Luksa – Dr. Eng. Sci., prof. (Poland) A. M. Mazgarov – Dr. Eng. Sci., prof. E. D. Radchenko – Dr. Eng. Sci., prof. V. A. Ryabov – Director General of the Oil Refiners and Petrochemists Association E. P. Seregin – Dr. Eng. Sci., prof.

The catalytic cracking of heavy oil fractions with wave-induced feedstock preactivation over the catalysts containing passivators of heavy metals provides the same process performance characteristics as over the catalysts, which have not been poisoned with metals.

The influence of acoustic, high-frequency electromagnetic, and combined acoustic and high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on the group and fractional composition of oil and oil residue subjected to heat treatment is studied. It is shown that when oil is exposed to acoustic and combined acoustic and electromagnetic radiation, the "consequence" effect, which is accompanied by lowering of viscosity, initial boiling point, and the pour point, is observed for up to a few days after exposure. Data on the influence of the nature of wave radiation on the group composition of the oil are furnished. Based on the obtained data, the mechanism of spin-catalysis of thermal cracking of oil and oil residues is proposed.