We consider a system of differential equations and obtain its solutions with exponential asymptotics and analyticity with respect to the spectral parameter. Solutions of such type have importance in studying spectral properties of differential operators. Here, we consider the system of first-order differential equations on a half-line with summable coefficients, containing a nonlinear dependence on the spectral parameter. We obtain fundamental systems of solutions with analyticity in certain sectors, in which it is possible to apply the method of successive approximations. We also construct non-fundamental systems of solutions with analyticity in a large sector, including two previously considered neighboring sectors. The obtained results admit applications in studying inverse spectral problems for the higher-order differential operators with distribution coefficients.

Introduction: The observed high rate of mobilization of the medical community during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a high level of psycho-emotional and physical stress of health professionals, which persisted during the transitional and post-pandemic periods. Objective: To study the influence of psychosocial factors on the quality of work of general practitioners in the post-pandemic era and their effects on patient satisfaction with medical services. Materials and methods: In 2022–2023, a sociological survey was conducted in Moscow health facilities using internationally validated COPSOQ III (long version) and EUROPEP questionnaires and involving 340 general practitioners and 394 patients who visited them at least once over the past 12 months. The statistical analysis of collected data was carried out using the Statistica 10 and SPSS application software packages (p ≤ 0.05). Results: The comparison showed that, in terms of home visits, the workload of general practitioners was 2.1 and 1.8 times higher before and during the pandemic in the years 2019 and 2020, respectively, and 1.07 times higher than normal in 2021. Continuation of professional activities without a break for health improvement in the transition period caused fatigue leading to job dissatisfaction and severe burnout in 34.1 % of the general practitioners, which, in their turn, worsened interaction with patients and were the reason for dissatisfaction of 50.3 % of the responding patients with medical care. Study limitations: The survey was conducted among general practitioners and patients of Moscow. Conclusion: Prevention of job dissatisfaction and adverse effects of the latter on the level of satisfaction of the population with health care is related to the necessity to develop corporate programs for promoting health and reducing burnout risk in general practitioners working at Moscow health facilities.

In recent years, skin blemish diseases of potato (including black dot (BD) caused by Colletotricum coccodes) have begun to be important for global potato marketing, since consumers often reject tubers with an imperfect appearance, which results in financial losses caused by the disposal of unwanted potatoes. Like for many non-fatal plant diseases, BD severity may depend on the immune status of plants influenced by other infectious agents. Using a set of 98 potato cultivars differing in their late blight (LB) resistance, we examined the correlation between the intensity of their infection with LB determined by their LB resistance and the occurrence of the BD disease under field conditions with a high background level of both diseases. Using LB-susceptible (Arizona) and moderately susceptible (Sante) cultivars, we also evaluated the effect of a crop protection against LB on BD development under the same field conditions. A strong negative correlation (r = −0.81, p < 0.05) between the LB resistance and the BD occurrence has been revealed. An experiment using the two cultivars, chemically protected against LB, showed a significant reduction in BD occurrence of 30% (cv. Arizona) and 20% (cv. Sante) compared to the untreated controls; the total yield and marketability of potatoes increased by 103.6 and 62.5% for cv. Arizona and by 65.9 and 43.8% for cv. Sante. The reduction in the LB affection of potato is one of the key factors improving the immune status of potato cultivars in relation to BD infection, so methods of LB protection should be included in a complex approach to BD control.

Ecological risks associated with chemical pesticides encourage application of biopesticides and integrated pest management. The study compared efficiency of the Manfil fungicide and Agat-25K biopreparation (single or combined with the ExelGrow biostimulator) against the late (LB) and early (EB) blights of potato. Field experiments were conducted with three potato cultivars (Arizona, Vektor, Aluett) of different resistance levels to the LB and EB diseases. Leaf blight development was registered as LB (Arizona), LB+EB (Vektor), and EB (Aluett). Agat25K delayed LB development under epiphytotic conditions on the susceptible cv. Arizona (biological efficiency 39%), though was inferior to Manfil (62%). On the contrary, for cv. Aluett, Agat-25K showed more significant EB suppression than Manfil (96 vs. 83%). Compared to the control, the yield increase of cv. Arizona was 15.8 t/ha for Agat-25K and 25.4 t/ha for Manfil. Tuber marketability increased by 28 and 13% for Agat-25K and Manfil, respectively. For moderately resistant and resistant cultivars (Vektor, Aluett), Agat-25K provided the highest yield increase compared to Manfil (19.1 vs. 16.7 t/ha for Vektor and 4.5 vs. 1.4 t/ha for Aluett, respectively), while the tuber marketability increased by 15% (Vektor) and 18% (Aluett). Agat-25K can be recommended for use on moderately-resistant cultivars under sporadic LB epiphytoties and for the EB control. ExelGrow application with Manfil and Agat-25K was first shown to improve their biological efficiency on moderately LB-resistant and LB-resistant cultivars (up to 12%).

Early spotting caused by a complex of fungi of the genus Alternaria is becoming a serious problem for potato growers in many regions of Russia. The defeat of the aboveground part of potato plants by alternariasis and its further premature death lead to significant crop losses. Abiotic and biotic factors that weaken potato plants contribute to the more active development of alternariasis. The article presents new experimental data showing that the treatment of vegetative potato plants with bioorganic fertilizer “ExcelGrow” at a dose of 1 l/ha helps to reduce the harmfulness of the disease and increase potato yields. At the same time, it was found that the triple use of “ExcelGrow” at a dose of 1 l/ha in a tank mixture with the fungicides “Miravis” 0.35 l/ha, “Revus Top” 0.6 l/ha, “Signum” 0.3 kg/ha, aimed at reducing the harmfulness of alternariasis, increases the effectiveness of fungicidal protection of potato plantings from diseases, which in the end result ensures a reliable increase in yield and marketability of tubers.

Recently, there appeared a significant interest in inverse spectral problems for non-local operators arising in numerous applications. In the present work, we consider the operator with frozen argument $ly = -y''(x) + p(x)y(x) + q(x)y(a),$ which is a non-local perturbation of the non-selfadjoint Sturm--Liouville operator. We study the inverse problem of recovering the potential $q\in L_2(0, \pi)$ by the spectrum when the coefficient $p\in L_2(0, \pi)$ is known. While the previous works were focused only on the case $p=0,$ here we investigate the more difficult non-selfadjoint case, which requires consideration of eigenvalues multiplicities. We develop an approach based on the relation between the characteristic function and the coefficients $\{ \xi_n\}_{n \ge 1}$ of the potential $q$ by a certain basis. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on the spectrum being asymptotic formulae of a special form. They yield that a part of the spectrum does not depend on $q,$ i.e. it is uninformative. For the unique solvability of the inverse problem, one should supplement the spectrum with a part of the coefficients $ \xi_n,$ being the minimal additional data. For the inverse problem by the spectrum and the additional data, we obtain a uniqueness theorem and an algorithm.

The oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a causative agent of the most harmful potato disease, late blight. The pathogenicity of P. infestans is associated with (a)virulence genes (Avr genes). Changes in the composition and nucleotide sequence of these genes lead to the emergence of new races of the pathogen, which affect potato varieties previously considered resistant. Therefore, to successfully combat late blight, it is important to study polymorphisms in Avr genes in populations of this pathogen. We conducted a large-scale molecular and phytopathological study of P. infestans strains collected in European Russia. In this study, polymorphisms of 11 Avr genes were analysed using SSCP analysis and sequencing. The genes included Avr1, Avr2, Avr2-like, Avr3a, Avr3b, Avr4, Avr8, Avr-Smira1, Avr-blb1, Avr-blb2 and Avr-vnt1. As a result, the allelic composition of Avr genes was studied and new alleles unique to Russia were identified in Russian populations of P. infestans for all studied Avr genes, with the exception of Avr4 and Avr8. The vast majority of the Avr1, Avr2-like, Avr3a, Avr4, Avr-vnt1 and Avr-Smira1 gene sequences correspond to known virulence variants of these genes that avoid recognition by the corresponding potato resistance genes. The Avr-blb2 gene was represented by approximately equal amounts of virulent and avirulent variants. Predominantly avirulent variants were found for the Avr-blb1 gene. The Avr2, Avr3b and Avr8 genes were represented only by avirulent variants. Summarising the results of our study, we can conclude that the populations of the European territory of Russia differ from the populations of Europe and the USA in the allelic composition of virulence genes. We failed to detect a dominant clonal lineage in the territory of Russia, and the Russian population of P. infestans is highly diverse.

Introduction. Professional activity of physicians is associated with high psychological tension, which leads to the development of emotional and physical burnout. The management of factors of potential impact on psychosocial and indirectly on professional characteristics of medical workers in health policy is an important part of providing quality of the medical care to the population. The purpose of the study. Identification of psychosocial predictors forming burnout syndrome in the professional activity of general practitioners (GPs), family doctors (FDs) with using the psychosocial questionnaire COPSOQ III (Long version). Materials and methods. The methods of questionnaire survey, statistical analysis, and generalization of three hundred forty respondents’ answers were applied. The survey was conducted from May to November 2022 using the electronic Russian version of the international questionnaire COPSOQ III (Long version), available on the website of the N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health. General practitioners (family doctors) of the outpatient and polyclinic level of Moscow health care institutions participated in the survey. Results. Factor analysis of new predictors of psychosocial tension in the work of GPS (FDs), was carried out on a considerable volume of statistical material, which formed a high level of professional burnout — 233.01 ± 82.39 (224.23; 241.80, p = 0.05) points. Research limitations. The study was limited to a representative sample of GPS (FDs) working in healthcare facilities in Moscow within the framework of testing the reliability and construct validity of the full Russian-language version of COPSOQ III (Long version). The results of the study as a whole are not interpolated to the problem area of working conditions of GPs (FDs) in the health care system of the Russian Federation, further research is required. Conclusion. The research has revealed new factors of the development of professional burnout of GPS (FDs) on the basis of their interview with the help of adapted psychosocial international questionnaire COPSOQ III (Long version).

Background: One of the key players in autoimmune arthritis is T-cells. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells have been implicated in mediating many aspects of synovial inflammation [1,2]. Oligoclonal populations of CD8+ T-cells specific for epitopes from Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and influenza virus were found enriched in the synovial fluid of patients with inflammatory arthritis [3]. There are also data suggesting that CD4+ T-cells from the inflamed synovium in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represent activated Th1 cells that secrete IFNγ, which in turn orchestrates synovial inflammation [4–6]. Among CD4+ T-cells, regulatory T-cells (Treg), which are crucial in preserving immune homeostasis, are believed to be dysfunctional in autoimmunity. In the inflamed joints of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients, a higher frequency of clonally expanded Tregs was observed than conventional CD4+ T-cells [7]. Objectives: •Mapping the immune phenotypes in synovial fluid of juvenile and adult patients with chronic autoimmune arthritis.•Decoding the synovial fluid T-cell receptor repertoire across different arthritis groups and T-cell subsets.•Identifying T-cell receptors specific to HLA-B27 associated spondyloarthropathies. Methods: 27 patients were recruited: 6 had oligoarticular JIA (oJIA), 4 had enthesitis-related JIA (JIA-ERA), 3 had juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JIA-PsA), 5 had adult psoriatic arthritis (PsA), 5 had RA, 3 had Lyme arthritis (borrelia), and 1 had spondyloarthritis (SpA). Their synovial fluid was collected and processed into mononuclear cells (SFMC). Single-cell RNA-seq and TCR-seq were performed on the SFMC. Bulk TCR-seq was done on the CD4+, CD8+, and Treg fractions. Results: Our single-cell sequencing data indicate that among the 28 identified cell phenotypes, Th1/Th17 cells were the dominant population among all patient groups, having the highest proportion out of the total T-cell count in JIA-ERA (Figure 1A). Furthermore, compared to B27– patients, B27+ patients had upregulated HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR, and GZMA genes in central memory CD8+ T-cells, implying an increase in T-cell activation and cytotoxic activity (Figure 1B). Gene set enrichment analysis also suggests pro-inflammatory pathways (e.g., TNFα, IFNα, and IFNγ signalling), and T-cell activation in response to viruses in B27+ patients.From the bulk TCRβ sequencing data (Figure 2), we observed that HLA-B27+ patients shared broad TCRBV20 clusters specific for various viral epitopes, indicating a possible cross-reactive response. Furthermore, this method highlighted TCR clusters with sequence similarity to those known to be associated with HLA-B27 pathologies, as well as TCRs with unknown specificity, but a conserved GRGR motiflet. Conclusion: The findings in this study provide insights into how TCR repertoires differ between arthritis groups, patients’ ages, T-cell subsets, and whether viral/bacterial infection contributes to arthritis onset and flares. Such knowledge will greatly contribute to the understanding of T-cells’ and TCRs’ participation in the underlying pathophysiology of arthritis. REFERENCES: [1] Black, A.P.B. et al. Arthritis Res Ther 2002, 4, 177.[2] Skapenko, A. et al. Arthritis Res Ther 2005, 7, S4.[3] Fazou, C. et al. Arthritis and Rheumatology 2001, 44, 2038–2045.[4] Cañete, J.D. et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2000, 59, 263–268.[5] Davis, L.S. et al. Arthritis Res Ther 2000, 3, 54.[6] Möller, B. et al. Rheumatology 2001, 40, 302–309.[7] Mijnheer, G. et al. Elife 2023, 12, e79016. Acknowledgements: NIL. Disclosure of Interests: None declared.Figure 1Single-cell sequencing data of 27 patients having arthritis. (A) Stacked bar plot of the identified cell types, statistical significance was analysed by Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni correction (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001); (B) Differential gene expression and gene set enrichment comparison of central memory CD8+ T-cells between B27+ and B27– patients. Figure 2Integrative comparison of TCRβ clusters between HLA-B27+ and HLA-B27– patients. TCR sequences were clustered using ClusTCR and sparse supervised dimensionality reduction was applied to retain the eight most informative TCR clusters per principal component.

The search for new classes of fungicides has long been important in plant protection due to the development of fungal resistance to currently used agrochemicals. Organic peroxides have long been regarded as exotic and unstable compounds. The discovery of the antimalarial activity of the peroxide natural product Artemisinin, an achievement that was recently recognized with the Nobel Prize, has brought organic peroxides into the medicinal and agrochemistry. In this paper, fungicidal activity of synthesized organic peroxides—geminal bishydroperoxide, bridged 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes, and tricyclic monoperoxides—were tested in vitro against an important species of phytopathogenic fungi (F. culmorum, R. solani, A. solani, P. infestans, C. coccodes). We discovered that substituted bridged 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes exhibit fungicidal activity comparable or superior to azoxystrobin and superior to geminal bishydroperoxide and tricyclic monoperoxides. The contact mode of action was demonstrated for the bridged 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane.

Introduction. Data were obtained on the difference in the quantitative and specific composition of intestinal microbiota bacteria in practically healthy individuals with subclinical invasions by pathogenic intestinal protozoa Lamblia intestinalis, Blastocystis hominis. Сhanges in bacterial composition were shown to have characterological features and species-specific «targets» of intestinal microbiota destruction. Material and methods. Bacteriological and parasitological research methods were used. For a comparative analysis of quantitative and specific changes in the symbiotic microflora, there were formed two groups: “Yes” and “No” for each type of pathogenic protozoa, bacteriological indicators were ranked by quantitative content — CFU “0–103”, CFU “103–10max”, CFU “10max”. Statistical differences in research results were determined by the Chi-square calculation method. Results. Antagonistic activity of unicellular protozoa in relation to the symbiotic bacterial intestinal microflora in the examined population groups has a different degree of severity depending on the type of invasion. Parasitic pathogens were shown to inhibit up to 40% of the quantitative and 50% of the species composition of the intestinal microflora and are an aggressive biogenic factor in the destruction of biota. There are no limitations of the study. Limitations. The studies had no methodological or administrative restrictions. Conclusion. For the first time, significant statistical material has confirmed that asymptomatic parasitosis is a strong biogenic determinant of the development of destructive changes in the integral structure of the symbiotic microflora and the formation of a subclinical form of dysbiosis in an “almost healthy contingent” of the population. The asymptomatic carriage of Blastocysts spp. was found to have a more pronounced antagonistic effect on the bacterial composition of the intestinal microbiota than the presence of L. intestinalis, Blastocysts spp., form intestinal dysbiosis more aggressively, which indicates a greater pathogenic potential of B. hominis in the formation of intestinal pathology in humans.

In the last years, there has been considerable interest in inverse spectral problems for functional-differential operators with frozen argument. Until now, however, no aspects of their stability have been studied. One of the difficulties here is caused by the non-standard characterization of the spectra of such operators. In the present paper, we eliminate this gap and introduce a natural metric that allows us to obtain the Lipschitz stability on each ball of finite radius. Along with the previous results, this brings a final missing piece to the well-posedness of the inverse problem under consideration.

Introduction: The medical profession is characterized by high requirements for implementation of activities assessed by the quality of services provided and patient satisfaction with medical care. In this regard, healthcare professionals suffer from high psychological and emotional stress. The proposed COPSOQ III questionnaire contributes to identification and prevention of psychosocial factors affecting health and well-being of medical workers. Objective: To study international requirements for the order of translation and cultural adaptation of the long version of the COPSOQ III questionnaire on assessment of psychosocial working conditions and health promotion in medical workers in the Russian health care system. Materials and methods: The questionnaire was compiled in English. It contains 160 questions and criteria for assessing psychosocial working conditions of medical workers. The original version was translated into Russian; after that, back translation and the repeated translation was done for validation purposes and cultural adaptation of the COPSOQ questionnaire in the national health system. According to the recommendations of the COPSOQ International Network for translation and cultural adaptation of the text, we followed stages of validation and coordination of the stage outcomes and the final report. Results: To assess the linguistic load of the Russian-language version of the long COPSOQ questionnaire, its testing was carried out with participation of ten general practitioners with the positive feedback received. Conclusion: The translated into Russian and adapted long version of the COPSOQ III questionnaire is valid and recommended for use in healthcare institutions of the Russian Federation.

Introduction. The policy and practice of the Russian healthcare system in the area of person-centered care aims to involve the patient in the treatment process with an individual approach to their needs and expectations. The quality of medical care is increasingly evaluated through the perception of the patient, his/her satisfaction. In this regard, the design of person-centered medicine is multi-dimensional, forming a partnership relationship between the parties involved — doctor, patient, health care provider — in making joint decisions. The purpose of the study. Assessment of general practice (GP) through individual patient preferences in a multidimensional construct of satisfaction with the quality of care. Material and methods. The international EUROPEP questionnaire was used. Statistical processing of the study materials was performed using Statistica 10 and SAS JMP 11. Results. Statistically significant differences in respondents’ satisfaction depending on the age and gender (p < 0.0001) were revealed. The predominance of a positive opinion on the totality of all the analyzed criteria of satisfaction among female respondents is shown. At the same time male respondents gave positive estimation of quality of general medical practice only in such two groups of observation as in age category of 36–45 years old — 53.09 % and 66.67 % of persons older than 75 years old. Research limitations. The research is limited to the survey of a certain number of patients of medical institutions in Moscow to assess the GP in terms of satisfaction with the quality of medical care provided. Conclusion. New data have been obtained on different respondents’ perceptions of the quality of standardized medical care provided by GPs, and the assessment of satisfaction with its quality depending on the age and gender of the adult population. The satisfaction of male respondents with the quality of medical care was shown to be lower in all age groups except 53.09% (36–45 years) and 66.67% (over 75 years). Female respondents expressed satisfaction on the aggregate of all opinion-forming factors.

The paper deals with a new type of inverse spectral problems for second‐order quadratic differential pencils when one of the boundary conditions involves arbitrary entire functions of the spectral parameter. Although various aspects of the inverse spectral theory for the pencils have been of a special interest during the last decades, such settings were considered before only in the particular case of a Sturm–Liouville equation. We develop an approach covering also the quadratic dependence on the spectral parameter in the differential equation, which is based on the completeness and basisness of certain functional systems. By this approach, we obtain a uniqueness theorem and an algorithm for solving the inverse problem along with sufficient properties of the mentioned systems. The presented results give a universal tool for studying a number of important specific situations, including various Hochstadt–Lieberman‐type inverse problems both on an interval and on geometrical graphs, which is illustrated as well.

Late blight (LB) caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is the greatest threat to potato production worldwide. Current potato breeding for LB resistance heavily depends on the introduction of new genes for resistance to P. infestans (Rpi genes). Such genes have been discovered in highly diverse wild, primitive, and cultivated species of tuber-bearing potatoes (Solanum L. section Petota Dumort.) and introgressed into the elite potato cultivars by hybridization and transgenic complementation. Unfortunately, even the most resistant potato varieties have been overcome by LB due to the arrival of new pathogen strains and their rapid evolution. Therefore, novel sources for germplasm enhancement comprising the broad-spectrum Rpi genes are in high demand with breeders who aim to provide durable LB resistance. The Genbank of the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in St. Petersburg harbors one of the world’s largest collections of potato and potato relatives. In this study, LB resistance was evaluated in a core selection representing 20 species of seven Petota series according to the Hawkes (1990) classification: Bulbocastana (Rydb.) Hawkes, Demissa Buk., Longipedicellata Buk., Maglia Bitt., Pinnatisecta (Rydb.) Hawkes, Tuberosa (Rydb.) Hawkes (wild and cultivated species), and Yungasensa Corr. LB resistance was assessed in 96 accessions representing 18 species in the laboratory test with detached leaves using a highly virulent and aggressive isolate of P. infestans. The Petota species notably differed in their LB resistance: S. bulbocastanum Dun., S. demissum Lindl., S. cardiophyllum Lindl., and S. berthaultii Hawkes stood out at a high frequency of resistant accessions (7–9 points on a 9-point scale). Well-established specific SCAR markers of ten Rpi genes—Rpi-R1, Rpi-R2/Rpi-blb3, Rpi-R3a, Rpi-R3b, Rpi-R8, Rpi-blb1/Rpi-sto1, Rpi-blb2, and Rpi-vnt1—were used to mine 117 accessions representing 20 species from seven Petota series. In particular, our evidence confirmed the diverse Rpi gene location in two American continents. The structural homologs of the Rpi-R2, Rpi-R3a, Rpi-R3b, and Rpi-R8 genes were found in the North American species other than S. demissum, the species that was the original source of these genes for early potato breeding, and in some cases, in the South American Tuberosa species. The Rpi-blb1/Rpi-sto1 orthologs from S. bulbocastanum and S. stoloniferum Schlechtd et Bché were restricted to genome B in the Mesoamerican series Bulbocastana, Pinnatisecta, and Longipedicellata. The structural homologs of the Rpi-vnt1 gene that were initially identified in the South American species S. venturii Hawkes and Hjert. were reported, for the first time, in the North American series of Petota species.

The introduction of thiocyano groups into organic molecules is important for the preparation of many active ingredients and synthetic intermediates. A commonly used and attractive strategy is the nucleophilic substitution of halogens with the SCN anion or oxidative thiocyanation using an excess amount of external oxidants. A sustainable alternative to stoichiometric reagents is electrochemistry based on anodic oxidation of the SCN anion and other intermediates. Electrochemical thiocyanation of various organic compounds, carried out in the usual non-acidic organic solvents, is well known. Here, we present an electrochemical thiocyanation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in which high efficiency was only achieved using AcOH as the solvent. Electrolysis proceeds in an undivided cell under constant current conditions without any additional halogen-containing electrolytes. Ammonium thiocyanate was used as the source of the SCN group and the electrolyte. Electrochemical thiocyanation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds begins with the generation of (SCN)2 from the thiocyanate anion, followed by the addition of thiocyanogen to the double bond of the enol tautomer of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, which finally gives the products. A variety of thiocyanated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds bearing different functional groups were obtained in 37-82% yields and were shown to exhibit high antifungal activity.

Introduction. Patient satisfaction is one of the most important indicators of the quality of the health care noted in the priority objectives of state policy this area. The aim of the study was to assess satisfaction with the quality of medical care provided by a general practitioner (GP), using the example of the activities of the Stupino Regional Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Region. Materials and methods. The international EUROPEP questionnaire was used. Statistical processing of the study materials was performed using Statistica 10 and SAS JMP 11. Results. Respondents highly evaluated the provision of medical care 17,87 ± 3,05 (17,04; 18,70, p = 0,05). High scores were obtained for the block «accessibility» of medical services, amounting to 21.76 ± 2.53 (21.07; 22.45, p = 0.05). Strong positive relationships «patient-GP» interactions (r = 0.9; p < 0.0001), joint decision making, and establishing trusting relationships (r = 0.73; p < 0.0001) were found. The level of trust relationship between patients and GPs was 18.94 ± 4.37 (17.75; 20.14, p = 0.05) and rated high. Problem areas were identified for individual issues in the management of medical care and recommendations for their adjustment were developed. Limitations. The research is limited due to a small sample due to the testing of the EUROPEP questionnaire and its adaptation for the Russian health care system. Conclusion. On the example of EUROPEP questionnaire on the base of the the Stupino regional clinical hospital of Moscow region there were obtained high estimates of satisfaction with the quality of medical care, provided by GPs/FDs. The revealed problems in achieving the expected medical results refer to the making of joint decisions and are limited by the interpretation of confidentiality in GP-patient interaction. The applied survey procedure confirms the necessity of wide implementation of the adapted EUROPEP questionnaire in the management of the quality of medical care and for taking corrective measures at the regional level

In this paper, we consider the inverse problem of recovering the Sturm–Liouville operator with frozen argument from its spectrum. In the case of irrational frozen argument, necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability of the inverse problem remained an open question. Here, we give a complete answer to this question. For this purpose, we suggest a new unified approach to studying inverse problems for operators with frozen argument, which is effective in both irrational and rational cases. Applying it, we obtain new-type asymptotic formulae completely characterizing the class of sequences that can be the spectra of such operators.

Foliar fertilizers provide a supplemental nutrition of crops with macro- and microelements stimulating their growth and development. Our earlier studies showed that amino acid-based biostimulator Izabion provides a significant increase in the yield and quality of potato. In this study, several different schemes of the Izabion application separately and combined with fungicide preparations were tested under field conditions to evaluate its contribution to these two parameters, as well as to reduction of crop losses caused by foliar diseases. Based on the obtained results, the optimum scheme of the Izabion application was determined. Izabion did not significantly influence on the yield losses caused by leaf blights of potato (biological efficiency was only 10.5% that excludes any protective effect), but increased the fraction of marketable potatoes by 13–16% due to its stimulating effect on plants under biotic stress. Combining Izabion with standard variants of chemical protection provided an additional yield increase by 2.0–3.8 t/ha comparing to chemical protection only; the biological efficiency of such combined protection reached 93.5–97.7%. The most efficient protection variant (foliar application of Izabion, pre-planting fungicide treatment of tubers, and standard chemical protection scheme) showed the maximum biological efficiency (99.6%) and resulted in the maximum marketable fraction of potatoes (95%) and the maximum yield increase (15 t/ha) comparing to the untreated control. Thus, a triple spraying of plants with Izabion during a vegetation season is recommended in addition to the standard protection schemes.