The gene encoding juvenile hormone response (Kruppel homolog1, Kr-hl) in Coccinella septempunctata was investigated by cloning and analysing expression profiles in different developmental stages and tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). C. septempunctata Kr-hl (CsKr-hl) encoded a 1338 bp open reading frame (ORF) with a predicted protein product of 445 amino acids; the latter showed high similarity to orthologs in other species and contained eight highly-conserved Zn-finger motifs for DNA-binding. CsKr-hl was expressed in different developmental stages of C. septempunctata. The expression levels of CsKr-hl in eggs, 2nd, 3rd, 4th instar larvae, and pupa were 3.31, 2.30, 7.09, 0.58, and 7.48 times the number of 1st instar larvae, respectively. CsKr-hl expression levels in female adults gradually increased at 25-30 days and were significantly higher than expression at 1-20 days. CsKr-hl expression in 20-30 days-old male adults was significantly higher than males aged 1-15 days. CsKr-hl expression levels in heads of male and female adults were significantly higher than expression levels in the thorax, adipose, and reproductive system. Interestingly, CsKr-hl expression levels in the adipose and reproductive system of female adults were significantly higher than in adult male corresponding organs, which suggest that CsKr-hl plays an important role in regulating reproductive development in C. septempunctata.

【Objective】The effect of cyantraniliprole on the gut enzyme, microbial composition, relative function genes and resistance genes of Plutella xylostella is explored, which provides reference for the study of microbial composition and function in gut of P.xylostella treated with diamide insecticides.【Method】 Through metagenomic sequencing technology, the changes of intestinal microbial community structure and function of P.xylostella after feeding 0.15 mg/L cyantraniliprole-soaked leaves were studied.【Result】The activities of carboxylesterase and glutathione-S-transferase in the gut of P.xylostella fed with cyantraniliprole-soaked leaves increased significantly, while the activities of mixed-functional oxidase decreased significantly.A total of 35 phyla, 64 classes, 125 orders, 214 families, 294 genera and 401 species were identified in the gut of P.xylostella treated with cyantraniliprole, while 34 phyla, 66 classes, 120 orders, 200 families, 261 genera and 347 species were identified in the the gut of P.xylostella with non-treatment of cyantraniliprole（CK）.Microsporidia and Firmicutes were the common dominant phyla, and Nosema and Enterococcus were the dominate genera in the gut of P.xylostella in the treated group and CK, while the relative abundance of common dominant genera in the treated group were lower than that in CK.A total of 11 682 and 6437 functional genes were annotated in the eggNOG and KEGG databases, respectively, which distributed in functional groups of carbohydrate transport and metabolism, posttranslational modification, protein turnover, genetic information processing and other groups; 410 carbohydrate-active enzyme genes and 18 categories of 311 antibiotic resistance ontologies were annotated in the CAZy and CARD databases, respectively.Cyantraniliprole treatment changed the metabolic function of the intestinal microflora of P.xylostella.The intestinal microflora of P.xylostella were annotated with 15 432 and 8591 functional genes, 577 carbohydrate-active enzyme genes, and 419 antibiotic resistance ontologies in 22 categories in the eggNOG and KEGG database, CAZy database, and CARD database, respectively.【Conclusion】Cyantraniliprole treatment increases intestinal carboxylesterase and glutathione-S-transferase activities, decreases mixed-functional oxidase activity, and reduces the relative abundance of dominant intestinal microorganisms in gut, but increases the number of functional genes such as carbohydrate-active enzyme genes and antibiotic resistance in P.xylostella.

为明确不同饲养条件对捕食性天敌昆虫七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata的影响,优化饲养技术,提升规模化饲养效率.本文研究了人工饲料在不同温度、湿度、光周期条件下对七星瓢虫生长发育及繁殖的影响,并探究不同产卵介质对成虫产卵量的影响.结果表明,在温度为(25±0.5)℃时,产卵量最高为291.24粒,(28±0.5)℃幼虫期最短为14.76 d,产卵前期和幼虫历期随温度升高而缩短;湿度在(70±5)％时幼虫和成虫存活率最高分别为36.67％、48.00％,产卵量随湿度的增加而增加;光周期在18L∶6D时,成虫产卵前期最短(9.30 d),卵的孵化率最高(52.22％),产卵前期和幼虫期随光照时间延长呈缩短趋势.七星瓢虫在甘蓝叶上产卵量最高(306.20粒),在保鲜膜上产卵量最低(230.38粒).综上,人工饲料饲养七星瓢虫幼虫的适合条件为温度28℃、湿度70％、光周期18L∶6D,成虫为温度25℃、湿度70％、光周期16L:8D,且在甘蓝上产卵效果最好,该研究结果可为室内人工扩繁七星瓢虫提供参考.

The study aims to provide a basis for the large-scale artificial breeding of Coccinella septempunctata, the composition of an artificial diet for the ladybird was optimised by adding different fats to the diet. The effects of different dietary fats on the biology of ladybirds were evaluated by supplementing artificial diets with fats. The results show that the coconut, palm, perilla, linseed, lard and sesame oils should not be added to the artificial diet of ladybird larvae because of deleterious effects on ladybirds. The addition of 6 g olive oil (3% of diet weight) improved larvae survival rate, and the addition of 4 g beef tallow (2% of diet weight) increased ladybird pupation and emergence rates. In adult stage, the addition of 4 g coconut oil (2% of diet weight) improved survival rates. Whereas 2-4 g olive oil (1-2% of diet weight), 2-6 g lard (1-3% of diet weight) and 6 g beef tallow oil (3% of diet weight) improved oviposition and hatchability. In conclusion, the demand for fats is different in the larval and adult stages of the C. septempunctata. The findings of this study provide a valuable reference for the addition of exogenous fats to the ladybird artificial diet.

When Coccinella septempunctata L. was fed on an artificial diet, development was prolonged and survival and reproduction were decreased, thus negatively affecting population growth. Juvenile hormone and moulting hormones are important factors in insect reproduction and development. This study aims to screen out the optimal hormones that can solve the problems such as slow population growth of the C. septempunctata during mass rearing, thus improving their effectiveness as a biological control agent. The effects of juvenile hormone analogues and moulting hormones on C. septempunctata larval growth and adult reproduction were investigated by supplementing an artificial diet with different doses of methoprene, kinoprene, juvenile hormone Ш, fenoxycarb and 20-hydroxyecdysone. Multiple parameters were measured for C. septempunctata including development, survival, pupation, emergence, pre-oviposition, fecundity and hatching rates. The addition of juvenile hormone analogues to the diet significantly lengthened larval development times and reduced pupation and emergence. Conversely, juvenile hormone analogues significantly shortened pre-oviposition period, reduced survival and increased fecundity. The shortest pre-oviposition period was 9.6 days, and the highest oviposition number was 578 eggs in response to 5 μL kinoprene. The highest hatching rate was 66% in 1.7 mg 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for hormone selection and dosage in C. septempunctata artificial diets, thus enhancing the survival, pupation and emergence of larvae and improving the fecundity and hatching rate of ladybird adults.

In order to improve the rearing of Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), nutrients such as shrimp, pollen, honey, and lard were added to the basic artificial diet, and the effects of the artificial diet on biological parameters and digestive enzymes were evaluated. The results show that beetles feeding on the supplemented diet exhibited pupation, emergence, fecundity, and hatching rates that were 102.69%, 125.02%, 162.33%, and 119.90% of those supplied with the basic diet, respectively. The addition of shrimp and pollen to the basal diet improved protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and aminopeptidase activity in larvae and female adults. The addition of lard improved lipase activity in female adults, and the addition of honey improved invertase activity in adults of both sexes. This study provides guidance for improving the nutritional benefits of ladybug artificial diets.

植物病虫害防治直接影响农作物的产量和质量,因此我国一直在加强该方面研究,虽然工作取得了一定的成果,但由于存在农药使用量不合理等问题,导致植物病虫害防治工作遭遇阻碍.随着农药研制工作的开展,微生物农药成为当前植物病虫害防治的有效方式.本文通过分析微生物农药在植物病虫害防治中的应用现状,探究微生物农药的应用策略.

溴氰虫酰胺是防治鳞翅目害虫的第二代鱼尼丁受体抑制剂类杀虫剂,为明确其对小菜蛾幼虫肠道微生物群落结构及代谢功能的影响,采用分离培养法和高通量测序技术研究1 mg/L 溴氰虫酰胺浸叶饲喂后小菜蛾肠道微生物的群落结构,采用Biolog-ECO碳源代谢表型技术研究1 mg/L溴氰虫酰胺浸叶饲喂以及0.1、1、10、100mg/L溴氰虫酰胺直接作用后小菜蛾肠道微生物群落的代谢功能变化.结果表明,小菜蛾肠道可培养优势细菌主要为蒙氏肠球菌(Enterococcusmundtii)和血杆菌(Sanguibacter sp.),经1 mg/L溴氰虫酰胺浸叶饲喂处理和未经处理的小菜蛾(对照)肠道可培养细菌分别约为2.4×106 cfu/g和4.5×106 cfu/g.高通量测序结果显示,小菜蛾肠道优势细菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria),其在溴氰虫酰胺处理和对照中的相对丰度分别为74.0％和94.0％、8.6％和 3.4％、13.4％和 0.8％;优势菌属为肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、血杆菌属(Sanguibacter),其在溴氰虫酰胺处理和对照中的相对丰度分别为74.0％和94.0％、2.5％和0.5％.1 mg/L溴氰虫酰胺浸叶饲喂后,小菜蛾肠道中厚壁菌门和肠球菌属相对丰度均显著降低,而蓝细菌门和血杆菌属相对丰度均显著增加;小菜蛾肠道细菌群落多样性、均匀度和丰富度整体较对照增加,且多样性和丰富度增幅显著.1 mg/L溴氰虫酰胺浸叶饲喂以及0.1、1 mg/L溴氰虫酰胺直接作用对小菜蛾肠道微生物的碳源代谢能力均无显著影响,而10、100 mg/L溴氰虫酰胺直接作用于肠道可降低肠道微生物的碳源代谢能力.综上,1 mg/L溴氰虫酰胺浸叶饲喂可降低小菜蛾肠道可培养细菌数量,显著增加肠道微生物群落丰富度与多样性,高质量浓度溴氰虫酰胺直接作用可抑制肠道菌群的代谢能力.

羊肚菌螨类具有体积小、繁殖快、不易发现的特点,一旦发生危害将直接导致羊肚菌的质量和产量下降.为搞好羊肚菌害螨的科学防治,确保羊肚菌产业可持续发展,介绍甲螨和矮蒲螨的特征以及危害特点,并提出农业防治、生物防治、药剂防治的防控措施.

为了明确贵州菜区南美斑潜蝇对7种常用药剂的敏感性现状,在室内采用浸叶法测定了5个地区种群的敏感性水平,连续3年(2018—2020年)监测了抗性发展动态,并对数据进行聚类分析.结果表明:(1)贵州5个菜区南美斑潜蝇种群对溴氰虫酰胺(LC50值0.4656～2.9737 mg·L-1)、乙基多杀菌素(LC50值0.6533～2.3126 mg·L-1)、灭蝇胺(LC50值0.9086～2.3699 mg·L-1)的敏感性较高,对高效氯氰菊酯(LC50值12.7756～119.0539 mg·L-1)、高效氯氟氰菊酯(LC50值18.3429～189.6377 mg·L-1)的敏感性相对最低;(2)南美斑潜蝇种群对7种杀虫剂的敏感性差异明显,杀虫剂的毒力次序为溴氰虫酰胺≥乙基多杀菌素≥灭蝇胺>阿维菌素≥甲维盐>高效氯氰菊酯≥高效氯氟氰菊酯;(3)不同地区南美斑潜蝇种群对杀虫剂的敏感性差异不显著;(4)不同年份之间南美斑潜蝇种群对杀虫剂的敏感性差异不显著.抗性监测动态变化表明,贵阳和遵义种群对灭蝇胺、遵义种群对阿维菌素、安顺种群对乙基多杀菌素都表现出抗性加剧上升的趋势,需谨慎使用.综上所述,在贵州菜区可选择溴氰虫酰胺、乙基多杀菌素和灭蝇胺作为防治南美斑潜蝇的有效药剂,但要注意合理使用,可选择敏感性中等的阿维菌素和甲维盐作为轮换药剂,应在调查地理区域内暂停或停止使用高效氯氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯.

为明确贵州果园实蝇科害虫种类及多样性,评估贵州实蝇科害虫为害风险,保证特色果品质量及水果产业健康发展,本研究于2019年采用性诱剂、食诱剂等方式开展了贵州果园实蝇科害虫的诱集.经过1年持续调查监测,明确了贵州7个监测果园实蝇种类为8种,均属寡鬃实蝇亚科Dacinae,其中果实蝇属Bactrocera 2种,镞果实蝇属Zeugodacus 5种,寡鬃实蝇属Dacus 1种;除开阳县宅吉乡桃园具条实蝇Zeugodacus scutellatus (Hendel)数量较多外,其余6个监测点均以橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)数量较多,总占比为73.23％,是贵州果园实蝇科害虫的主要优势种;其次为南瓜实蝇Zeugodacus tau (Walker),总占比为18.51％;而具条实蝇(4.47％)、黑漆实蝇Zeugodacus scutellaris (Bezzi) (3.24％)、三点棍腹实蝇Dacus trimacula (Wang) (0.46％)占比均低于5％.在贵州西部区域六盘水市蟠龙镇猕猴桃园和黔中区域龙里县三元镇桃园诱集到越南实蝇Zeugodacus yoshimotoi (Hardy)(0.02％);在黔西南区域安龙县者贵村芒果园诱集到泰实蝇Bactrocera thailandica Drew&Hancock,总占比仅为0.07％;另外,在蟠龙镇和者贵村诱集到瓜实蝇Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (0.0057％),上述3种实蝇数量均较少.比较各监测点的Simpson优势度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和均匀度指数(jsw),均以者贵村芒果园的最低,分别为0.0997、0.2637和0.1355;而7个监测点诱集实蝇的相似性系数(G)在0.7143～1之间,表明各监测果园实蝇种类为中等相似,甚至极为相似,均以橘小实蝇为优势种,实蝇的种群数量分布整体上呈现从贵州西南到东北逐渐降低的趋势.

[目的]对菜蚜(桃蚜、甘蓝蚜和萝卜蚜)的OBP和CSP基因进行序列比对和结构分析,为菜蚜气味识别和化学感受相关研究和应用提供参考.[方法]基于公共转录组数据,采用BLAST、多序列比对、保守半胱氨酸序列分析、进化发育树构建和蛋白三维结构同源建模等方法鉴定和分析甘蓝蚜和萝卜蚜的OBP和CSP基因.[结果]甘蓝蚜鉴定出12个OBP基因、8个CSP基因,萝卜蚜鉴定出12个OBP基因和12个CSP基因;经序列比对和系统进化树分析,直系同源基因在3种菜蚜(甘蓝蚜、萝卜蚜及桃蚜)之间相似度较高,但不同OBP和CSP基因分化明显;基于保守半胱氨酸序列分析发现,菜蚜的OBPl-4、OBP7-12和OBP14-17属于Classic OBP亚家族,OBP5和OBP6属于Plus-C OBP亚家族,菜蚜CSP基因的半胱氨酸模式序列较保守;Motif特征分析表明菜蚜CSP基因比OBP基因更保守;采用同源建模方法发现豌豆蚜和3种菜蚜的OBP3蛋白三维结构极其相似.[结论]3种菜蚜OBP基因和CSP基因在基因数目和序列特征上存在一些差异,但是直系同源基因之间非常保守.

The ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata, is an important predator of soft-bodied insects. To further optimise an artificial diet for rearing the ladybird beetle, we investigated the effects of juvenile hormone (JH), honey, shrimp, rape pollen, lard, and other factors on the biological characteristics of C. septempunctata. Survival and pupation rates of larvae were decreased when JH and lard were added to the artificial diet; however, the addition of lard increased egg hatching to 73.70%, which was significantly higher than the control diet (50.56%). Adding honeybee pupae to the artificial diet shortened the preoviposition period to 7.64 d, compared to 10.36 d in the control diet. Adding honey, shrimp, and honeybee pupae to the diet resulted in 465.12, 452.35, and 423.01 eggs laid, respectively, which was significantly higher than the control diet. The pupation and emergence rates of C. septempunctata larvae fed an artificial diet without JH were significantly higher than those fed an artificial diet with JH; thus, JH and lard should not be added to artificial diets during the larval stage. During the adult stage, adding rape pollen, shrimp, honey, lard, and honeybee pupae to the diet could improve the fecundity of C. septempunctata. These results will be helpful for optimising artificial diets for the mass production of C. septempunctata.

菜青虫是十字花科蔬菜上的重要害虫,严重影响蔬菜的产量和品质,每年都造成重大经济损失.利用喷雾法测试了一种高效氯氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂对菜青虫的药效.结果表明:该药在其有效成分22.50～33.75 g/hm2范围内,施药后2 d、5 d、10 d对甘蓝菜青虫的防效分别为86.37％ ～93.89％、90.80％ ～95.80％、86.03％ ～91.40％.说明其对甘蓝菜青虫具较好的防效,且持效期较长,具有良好的生产应用价值.故推荐采用其有效成分22.5～33.75 g/hm2在生产上防治甘蓝菜青虫的危害,且菜粉蝶卵孵化盛期至菜青虫1、2龄高峰期为最佳施药防治时期.

为明确贵州省安龙县杧果园实蝇科害虫种类及种群消长动态,采用性诱剂、食诱剂等诱集实蝇害虫并统计分析.结果表明,该地主要的实蝇科害虫种类分别为桔小实蝇Bactrocera dor-salis,占比94.85％;其次是南瓜实蝇B.Tau,占比2.51％;具条实蝇B.scutellata占比1.45％,黒漆实蝇B.Scutellaris占比1.01％,三点棍腹实蝇Dacus trimacula占比0.02％,泰实蝇B.Thai-landica占比0.16％,瓜实蝇B.cucurbitae占比0.01％;其中桔小实蝇占据了主要生态位.从种群消长动态分析,7月3日至8月5日,桔小实蝇数量出现急剧上升,10月11日达到高峰.由于安龙县地理位置及气候的特殊性,桔小实蝇可常年发生,为此,在桔小实蝇的防控上,重点是降低虫口基数.可常年设置性诱剂诱杀,结合收获后捡拾落果集中处理、药剂封杀土表等措施防控桔小实蝇为害.

南美斑潜蝇是一类危害蔬菜、瓜类、花卉的主要害虫,严重影响作物产量和观赏植物的经济价值.为明确南美斑潜蝇在贵州不同菜区的发生规律及筛选出较好的防治药剂,选择在贵阳和平坝定点监测南美斑潜蝇的发生动态;定点采样调查南美斑潜蝇在常见蔬菜葫芦科、豆科等5科10种寄主上的发生情况;并在平坝开展7种药剂的田间药效试验.结果表明:南美斑潜蝇在5月、9—10月出现2个高峰期,且5月的发生数量最多;南美斑潜蝇在5科10种的寄主上均有发生,尤其在黄瓜、菜豆、蚕豆、莴苣上发生较重,2018—2019年贵州5个地区的危害情况都在3级及以下;10％溴氰虫酰胺OD对南美斑潜蝇的速效性和持效性最好,药后7 d和10 d的防效在93％以上,可作为首选药剂在当地推广使用.75％灭蝇胺WP和60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC也表现出较好的防效,可作为备选药剂.

对贵州省万寿菊种植区虫害发生情况进行系统调查,并对其主要虫害的防治进行了生产试验示范,明确了为害万寿菊的主要虫害有小地老虎、蛞蝓、蚜虫、蓟马和斜纹夜蛾,根据其发生为害特点,采取了农业防治、生物防治、物理防治、科学用药等环境友好型措施来控制万寿菊害虫,促进万寿菊生产安全、产品质量安全,提出了万寿菊害虫绿色防控技术.

The white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), causes substantial damage to crops by direct feeding or virus transmission, especially southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus, which poses a serious threat to rice production. Cycloxaprid, a novel cis-nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide, has high efficacy against rice planthoppers, including imidacloprid-resistant populations. However, information about the influence of cycloxaprid on S. furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) at the molecular level is limited. Here, by de novo transcriptome sequencing and assembly, we constructed two transcriptomes of S. furcifera and profiled the changes in gene expression in response to cycloxaprid at the transcription level. We identified 157,906,456 nucleotides and 131,601 unigenes using the Illumina technology from cycloxaprid-treated and untreated S. furcifera. In total, 38,534 unigenes matched known proteins in at least one database, accounting for 29.28% of the total unigenes. The number of coding DNA sequences was 28,546 and that of amino acid sequences in the coding region was 22,299. In total, 15,868 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified. The trinucleotide repeats accounted for 45.1% (7,157) of the total SSRs and (AAG/CTT)n were the most frequent motif. There were 359 differentially expressed genes that might have been induced by cycloxaprid. There were 131 upregulated and 228 downregulated genes. Twenty-two unigenes might be involved in resistance against cycloxaprid, such as cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase (GST), acid phosphatase (ACP), and cadherin. Our study provides vital information on cycloxaprid-induced resistance mechanisms, which will be useful to analyze the molecular mechanisms of cycloxaprid resistance and may lead to the development of novel strategies to manage S. furcifera.

Gut bacterium Enterococcus mundtii is one of the predominant bacterial species in the larval gut of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Probiotic characterization in auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity, carbon use ability, and pH and osmotic environment adaptability of this bacterium were analyzed. Results exhibited that E. mundtii showed inhibition against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Escherichia coli. It revealed a high auto-aggregation score and a hydrophilic cell surface. It metabolized 24.21% of the tested carbon sources with informative utilization patterns in organic acids and carbohydrates. It had a wide range of adaptabilities, and could still metabolize in osmolytes with up to 6% potassium chloride, 6% sodium chloride, 20% ethylene glycol, 5% sodium sulfate, 2% sodium lactate, 7% urea, 200 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.0), 20 mM sodium benzoate (pH 5.2), 100 mM ammonium sulfate (pH 8.0), and 100 mM sodium nitrate; while it could not metabolize sodium lactate ranging from 3% to 12%, sodium formate ranging from 1% to 6%, or sodium nitrite ranging from 10 to 100 mM. Enterococcus mundtii exhibited active metabolism under pH values between 5 and 10, active deaminase activity but no decarboxylase activity. The probiotic characterization of E. mundtii increased our knowledge of adaptability in gut environments.

BACKGROUND:The insect predator Coccinella septempunctata can effectively control many types of pests, such as aphids, whiteflies, and small lepidopteran larvae. We previously found that C. septempunctata fed an artificial diet showed diminished biological properties(e.g. fecundity, egg hatching rate, survival rate, etc.) compared with those fed natural prey (Aphis craccivora), likely due to different nutritional characteristics of the diet. In this study, we used transcriptome sequencing analysis to identify nutrition- and metabolism-related genes of C. septempunctata that were differentially expressed depending on diet. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:The Illumina HiSeq2000 was used to sequence 691,942,058 total clean reads from artificial diet-fed and A. craccivora-fed C. septempunctata libraries, and the clean reads were assembled using Trinity de novo software (Tabel 2). Comparison of transcriptome sequences revealed that expression of 38,315 genes was affected by the artificial diet, and 1,182 of these genes showed a significant change in expression levels (FDR ≤ 0.05,|log2FC|≥1, "FC" stands for "fold change"). These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were likely associated with the decreased egg laying capacity, hatching rate, longevity, and increased sex ratio (♀:♂) of adult C. septempunctata observed in the group fed the artificial diet. Furthermore, in the most DEGs metabolic pathways for C. septempunctata feeding on the artificial diet accumulated amino acid metabolic pathways, lipid metabolic pathways, and starch and glucose metabolism were down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:We found some differentially expressed genes and metabolic pathways are related to nutrition, from which a more informative feedback for diet formulation was obtained and the artificial diet could be more efficiently optimized.