松墨天牛是松树上重要的蛀干类害虫,不仅啃食松树嫩枝及树皮,造成松树危害,还是世界各国严密防范的入侵生物松材线虫的主要媒介昆虫.为了寻求对松墨天牛高效环保的药剂,采用喷雾法,测定10％高效氯氰菊酯触破式微囊悬浮剂对松墨天牛的室内毒力及田间防效,并对植物安全性进行评价.结果表明,10％高效氯氰菊酯触破式微囊悬浮剂对松墨天牛生物活性较95％高效氯氰菊酯原药、92％氯氰菊酯原药的生物活性高,毒力回归方程为y=3.27+1.84x,LC50为8.67 mg/L;田间药效试验结果表明,10％高效氯氰菊酯触破式微囊悬浮剂从药后21 d起,防效均显著好于对照药剂,且持效期明显长于对照药剂,施用41 d后,其75.0 mg/kg处理的防效仍高达83.33％.植物安全性试验结果表明,10％高效氯氰菊酯触破式微囊悬浮剂对3种松树施药后的生长速率、植株形态及叶片颜色均无显著影响.由此可知,10％高效氯氰菊酯触破式微囊悬浮剂的速效性强,持效期长,且对植物安全,可用于田间防治松墨天牛,进而控制松材线虫病的传播.

为探索和验证重庆某公司生产的1.8％阿维菌素乳油防治马尾松松材线虫病效果,采用3个剂量梯度和树干打孔注药法在江苏省溧阳市马尾松林进行了单因素对比试验,结果表明,该药在有效成分为0.135～0.18 g·cm-1胸径的剂量下对松材线虫均具有较好的防治效果,施药后30 d和60 d防治效果分别为65.0％～82.2％和74.4％～86.8％,显著高于对照不施药,且随着用量增加和时间延长防治效果有提高趋势,药剂持效期至少60 d.建议在松树发病前或松材线虫向松墨天牛蛹室聚集前注干施药1次,推荐使用剂量为0.135～0.18 g·cm-1胸径(药剂制剂用量7.50～10.00 ml·cm-1胸径),此浓度范围对松树安全,无药害发生,且对其他非靶标生物无影响.

菜青虫是十字花科蔬菜上的重要害虫,严重影响蔬菜的产量和品质,每年都造成重大经济损失.利用喷雾法测试了一种高效氯氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂对菜青虫的药效.结果表明:该药在其有效成分22.50～33.75 g/hm2范围内,施药后2 d、5 d、10 d对甘蓝菜青虫的防效分别为86.37％ ～93.89％、90.80％ ～95.80％、86.03％ ～91.40％.说明其对甘蓝菜青虫具较好的防效,且持效期较长,具有良好的生产应用价值.故推荐采用其有效成分22.5～33.75 g/hm2在生产上防治甘蓝菜青虫的危害,且菜粉蝶卵孵化盛期至菜青虫1、2龄高峰期为最佳施药防治时期.

The effects of glyphosate and 2, 4-D butylate on the seed germination and seedling growth of Festuca arundinacea and Dichondra repens were researched using seed soaking and leaf spraying, respectively. Generally, the germination rates of Festuca arundinacea and Dichondra repens were inhibited by glyphosate, and the effects intensified with the increase in concentration. Both the shoot height and root length of the two kinds of turfgrass seedlings were also significantly reduced by glyphosate (P < 0.05). The responses of the physiological indices of two kinds of turfgrass to 2, 4-D butylate were basically the same. With the increasing extent and duration of 2, 4-D butylate stress, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content of seedling leaves increased, whereas both the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and chlorophyll content declined. This study highlights that glyphosate highly inhibited the germination rate and seedling growth of two kinds of turfgrass, and 2, 4-D butylate affected the physiological characteristics of D. repens seedlings negatively as well as those of F. arundinacea.