A facile in situ grafting strategy was elaborately designed to fabricate flame-retardant lyocell fabrics. Acrylamide first immobilized to the surface of lyocell fabrics via an additional reaction between carbon-carbon double bonds and oxygen-free radicals derived from the activated cellulose chain. Diphenylphosphinyl chloride was grafted through the intermediate bridge acrylamide. The combination of acrylamide and diphenylphosphinyl chloride significantly retarded the heat release rate and total heat release and efficiently promoted the formation of rigid and swollen carbonaceous structures. The obtained fire-resistant lyocell fabrics (C-g-AD) with an LOI value (30.6 %) were immediately extinguished after exposed flame for more than 30 s with only 48 mm char length. Besides, the thermal degradation rate of C-g-AD sharply decreased by 17.1 % and 14.7 % in nitrogen and air, respectively. Herein, C-g-AD fabricated by the present strategy exhibited outstanding flame retardancy.

In this study, a novel hydroxyl-functionalized imidazolium-based ionic liquid introduced metal-organic framework (OH-IL@NH2-MIL-53(Al)) was prepared for the extraction of multiple neonicotinoids (NEOs) and their metabolites. The functionalization of ionic liquid obviously enhanced the generate affinity of OH-IL@NH2-MIL53(Al) towards NEOs and their metabolites through the pre-designed hydrogen-bonding and cation-It electron donor-acceptor interactions. Adsorption studies of OH-IL@NH2-MIL-53(Al) showed rapid adsorption rates and excellent adsorption capacities (129.3-204.2 mg/g). Furthermore, OH-IL@NH2-MIL-53(Al)-based mix matrix membrane (MMM), named OH-IL@NH2-MIL-53(Al)-MMM, was prepared for dispersive membrane extraction (DME). The supporting of MMM integrated the OH-IL@NH2-MIL-53(Al) powder, greatly simplifying the extraction procedure. A OH-IL@NH2-MIL-53(Al)-MMM-based DME-UPLC-MS/MS with good linearity (R2 >= 9987), low limits of detection (LODs, 0.001-0.120 ng/mL), and large enrichment factors (75-112) was developed. Based on the designed adsorbent, this work provides an easy and efficient method for the simultaneous analysis of fourteen NEOs and their metabolites in different samples and achieved satisfactory spiked recoveries (70.1-113.6 %).

In this paper, a simple and facile polyol sorbitol was employed to design and synthesize a novel flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitrogen by the reaction of sorbitol with phosphoric acid and urea. The obtained sorbitol-based flame retardant was then used to treat lyocell fibers by a pad-dry-cure procedure. Formaldehyde and other harmful substances were not used during the preparation of flame retardant and modified fibers. For this strategy, only water is used as solvent, and the conditions are mild, safe and environmentally friendly. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses show that the sorbitol-based flame retardant was successfully grafted onto lyocell fibers. Scanning electron microscopy analyses show that the surface morphology of the treated fibers remained unchanged. Thermogravimetric analyses imply that the residue of the treated fibers increases considerably. Vertical combustion and limit oxygen index results indicate that the treated fibers possess excellent flame retardant and durable properties. Based on the results of pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric-infrared and Raman spectroscopy, the flame retardant operates in condensed phase and gas phase during burning of treated fibers.

In this work, facile and inexpensive egg white protein with numerous amino acids, calcium, ferric, sulfur, and phosphorus was firstly explored to flame retard cellulosic fabrics. This was achieved by generated phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant system formed by intense electrostatic attraction of egg white protein and phytic acid (PA) with special hexaphosphate-substituted cyclic structure. As expected, the cotton fabrics treated by protein and PA in sequence exhibit high residue and time to ignition as well as low values for peak of heat release rate and total heat release after burning than those of control fabrics evaluated by thermogravimetric and cone calorimeter analyses, which is comparable or prior to other biomaterials. The results suggest that the treated fabrics displayed excellent flame retardancy properties, which is ascribed to synergistic effect of phosphorus and nitrogen granted by the double-coating system of PA and egg white protein.

Cellulosic fibers are usually finished with flame retardant via repeated pad-dry-cure processes. The present contribution reports a simple, facile, and one-pot chemical treatment process to access durable flame retardant lyocell fibers by directly immersing the fibers into the solution of a flame retardant ester of 2,2-ethanolamine diphosphoric acid (EADP) and urea for a certain time without using catalyst and cross-linker. As demonstrated, the treated lyocell fibers with grafted EADP show excellent flame retardancy and durability, as evidenced by an increase of limiting oxygen index value up to 37.8% and still 25.6% after 40 washing cycles. The key to success is ascribed to the formation of three dimensional flame retardant structures with EADP. Various analytical techniques, including raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and TG-infrared coupled technique prove that the carbonaceous residue and non-combustion gases were preferably generated during thermal decomposition process of treated fibers. Microcombustion calorimetry results revealed a significant reduction in the peak of heat release rate. The results indicate that EADP is potential for using as an efficient durable flame retardant of lyocell fibers.

Ligands play a vital role in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in solubilizing the transition-metal salt and adjusting the redox potential of the metal center. In general, nitrogen ligands work particularly well for copper-mediated ATRP, while phosphorus-based ligands are rarely used due to less effectiveness. Therefore, this work aims to explore for the first time a facile, simple, and inexpensive ionic liquid (IL), 1-phenyl-3-methylimidazole diphenyl phosphate ([Phmim][Ph2PO4]), as an efficient phosphorus ligand for CuBr2-mediated reverse ATRP. The key to success is ascribed to stronger complexation of the IL ligand with the catalyst and higher solubility of the resulting complex. The polymerizations proceeded in a controlled/“living” fashion, as evidenced by first-order kinetics, linear evolution of molecular weights with monomer conversion, and narrow molecular weight distributions. Effects of various experimental parameters—solvent, reaction temperature, IL, and molar ratio of CuBr2/[Phmim][Ph2PO4]—on the polymerization were investigated in detail. Furthermore, H NMR analysis confirmed the halogencontaining chain-end functionality of the resultant polymer.

A facile, simple, and inexpensive ionic liquid, 1-phenyl-3-methylimidazole diphenyl phosphate has been successfully used as an efficient phosphorus ligand for CuBr2-mediated reverse ATRP.

介绍了近几年具有发展潜力的纤维素纤维织物处理技术,采用溶胶-凝胶法、层层自组装法、接枝改性法和等离子体法处理的纤维素纤维织物具有较好的阻燃效果.同时引入蛋白质、核酸等生物质阻燃剂,为阻燃剂的发展用工业开辟了一个崭新的方向.

The facile, simple, and inexpensive ILs, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole chloride ([Rmim][Cl]), are explored for the first time as ligands for the reverse ATRP of methacrylates.

A facile hydroxyl-functionalized catalyst was first accessed to prepare block copolymers of vinyl and cyclic ester monomers via tandem reverse ATRP/ROP.

As a renewable, abundant, and eco-friendly bio-based compound, phytic acid (PA) possesses high phosphorus content, which is a potential flame retardant for cellulosic fibers. Generally, PA is not efficient for cellulosic fibers due to strong acidity that results in greatly reduced strength and lack of soft hand. As proved elsewhere, the compounds with phosphorous and nitrogen was reported to be an efficient flame retardant and exhibited synergistic effect for cellulosic fibers. Therefore, PA was firstly reacted with urea to synthesize a novel green flame retardant containing a high level of phosphorus and nitrogen elements, i.e., phytic acid ammonium, then it was employed for lyocell fibers through pad-dry-cure finishing process. As expected, flame retardancy and durability of finished lyocell fabrics were considerably improved, as evidenced by an increase of limiting oxygen index value up to 39.2% and still 29.7% after 30 laundering cycles. TG–MS and TG–FTIR coupled techniques demonstrate that the formation of carbonaceous residue and non-combustion gases preferably generated during thermal pyrolysis process of finished lyocell fibers.

Over the past few years, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely reported as reaction media for reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). In particular, almost all the ILs with the structure [Hmim][RCOO] (R represents an alkyl group) have been used as ligands for a reverse ATRP system. However, the facile, simple and low-cost ILs, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole chloride ([Rmim][Cl]), have rarely been employed as ligands for reverse ATRP. In this article, a [Rmim][Cl] was successfully employed as a ligand for the reverse ATRP of methyl methacrylate with Fe(III) as catalyst and 2,20-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The key to success is to adjust the FeCl3/[Rmim][Cl] molar ratio value to 1 : 1. The results indicated that the polymerization with [Rmim][Cl] as a ligand proceeded in a controlled/“living” fashion, as evidenced by the first-order kinetic plot, low polydispersity index values, and increase in polymer molecular weight with monomer conversion. The effects of various experimental parameters, including different catalysts, reaction temperatures, solvents, and molar ratios of FeCl3/[Rmim][Cl], on the polymerization were investigated in detail. Furthermore, H NMR and gel permeation chromatography analyses confirmed the halogen-containing chain-end functionality of the resultant polymer.