The leaves of Acer truncatum are rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and chlorogenic acid, making them a promising resource for functional tea development. However, the impact of processing parameters on tea quality remains poorly understood. This study investigated the effect of particle size on the quality of A. truncatum leaf tea. A total of 144 compounds with relative contents above 100 mu g/g were identified, among which flavonoids were the most abundant. The leaves were ground into four particle sizes (5-, 10-, 20- and 30mesh) for subsequent analysis. Tea infusions were analyzed for several components, aroma, and taste using Enose and E-tongue. Among 301 volatile compounds, 12 were key odorants (OAV >= 1.0), with propanoic acid octyl ester, beta-damascenone, cyclohexanone and citral being major contributors. Artificial sensory evaluation awarded the 20-mesh sample the highest score; E-nose/E-tongue analyses confirmed its balanced flavor profile with fruity/floral aroma and umami-sweet taste. The 5-mesh sample gave higher yields of bioactive compounds (total flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, free amino acids, soluble sugars) across two brews. This study provides a scientific basis for optimizing A. truncatum tea processing.

The Aceraceae family has ecological, ornamental and economical importance in plants. However, the genetic variations, evolution, and domestication of Aceraceae species are not well understood. Pan-genomes provide a framework for capturing genetic diversity across a genus and for a comprehensive understanding of genomic variation during evolution. Here, we construct a graph-based pan-genome from 13 Aceraceae species, revealing evolutionary dynamics driven by long-terminal repeat retrotransposons. Sequencing of 134 cultivated Acer palmatum accessions identifies 2,160 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with 10 fatty acid traits through genome wide association study. We further characterize 1,064,183 structural variation loci impacting fatty acid accumulation. By multi-omics analysis, we also identify ActKCS as a key candidate gene required for nervonic acid biosynthesis. Transgenic overexpression of ActKCS in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus enhances seed nervonic acid content, with increases ranging from 0.05

Acer truncatum is an economically important multipurpose tree in China due to its high values in ornamental, ecology, oil-production and medicine. The lack of reliable and stable in vitro regeneration system seriously restricts its breeding and industrial development. This study first presented a protocol for in vitro regeneration of A. truncatum via de novo shoot organogenesis from stem explants. The results showed that sterilization, basal medium, plant growth regulators and light condition significantly influenced shoot regeneration of A. truncatum . The best sterilization protocol for stem explants was 75% ethanol (30 s) + 0.1% HgCl 2 (10 min ), with a lowest contamination rate (4.74%). The highest callus induction rate (97.17%) was achieved when stem segments were cultured on WPM medium with 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L 6-BA in the dark for 15 days. The optimal shoot differentiation rate (10.51%) was obtained when callus was cultured on NN69 medium containing 0.5 mg/L CPPU. The rooting rate of adventitious shoots was achieved 85% by using NN69 medium with 0.25 mg/L IBA, and the rooted seedlings were transplanted into pots containing a mixture of peat, perlite and vermiculite (2:1:1, v:v:v), the survival rate was more than 80%. Histological analysis demonstrated the origin and development process of indirect shoot organogenesis, including callus formation, meristematic nodule formation and shoot differentiation. This study will be beneficial to the germplasm conservation, mass propagation and genetic improvement of A. truncatum .

Acer truncatum is an economically important multipurpose tree in China due to its high values in ornamental, ecology, oil-production and medicine. The lack of reliable and stable in vitro regeneration system seriously restricts its breeding and propagation. This study first presented a protocol for in vitro regeneration of A. truncatum via de novo shoot organogenesis from stem explants. The results showed that sterilization, basal medium, plant growth regulators and light condition significantly influenced shoot regeneration of A. truncatum. The best sterilization protocol for stem explants was 75

以江苏省农业科学院自主选育的鸡爪槭新品种金陵丹枫和金陵黄枫为研究对象,对其4月至7月观赏期叶片进行叶色对比观察,发现金陵丹枫新叶为亮红色,而后红色逐渐变淡,而金陵黄枫新叶为黄色,边缘呈浅珊瑚色,而后逐渐变为金黄色.比对金陵丹枫和金陵黄枫叶片中的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花青素和黄酮类物质含量,发现金陵丹枫亮红色叶片中各种色素含量均高于同时期的金陵黄枫金黄色叶片,且花青素和黄酮生物合成途径中一系列关键基因(ApPAL、ApCHS、ApCHI、ApF3H、ApF3′H、ApDFR和ApANS)的相对表达量在金陵丹枫叶片中上调.研究结果提示,这些色素含量的不同可能是导致金陵丹枫和金陵黄枫叶片呈色不同的主要原因.尤其是3种花青素(飞燕草素、矢车菊素和矢车菊半乳糖苷)在金陵丹枫亮红色叶片中的含量远高于金陵黄枫金黄色叶片,表明花青素在金陵丹枫叶片呈色中起到关键作用.

Acer rubrum L. is one of the most prevalent ornamental species of the genus Acer, due to its straight and tall stems and beautiful leaf colors. For this study, the Oxford Nanopore platform and Hi-C technology were employed to obtain a chromosome-scale genome for A. rubrum. The genome size of A. rubrum was 1.69 Gb with an N50 of 549.44 Kb, and a total of 39 pseudochromosomes were generated with a 99.61% genome. The A. rubrum genome was predicted to have 64644 genes, of which 97.34% were functionally annotated. Genome annotation identified 67.14% as the transposable element (TE) repeat sequence, with long terminal repeats (LTR) being the richest (55.68%). Genome evolution analysis indicated that A. rubrum diverged from A. yangbiense -6.34 million years ago. We identified 13 genes related to pigment synthesis in A. rubrum leaves, where the expressions of four ArF3 ' H genes were consistent with the synthesis of cyanidin (a key pigment) in red leaves. Correlation analysis verified that the pigmentation of A. rubrum leaves was under the coordinated regulation of non-structural carbohydrates and hormones. The genomic sequence of A. rubrum will facilitate genomic breeding research for this species, while providing the valuable utilization of Aceraceae resources.

Background Acer truncatum (purpleblow maple) is a woody tree species that produces seeds with high levels of valuable fatty acids (especially nervonic acid). The species is admired as a landscape plant with high developmental prospects and scientific research value. The A. truncatum chloroplast genome has recently been reported; however, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is still unexplored. Results We characterized the A. truncatum mitogenome, which was assembled using reads from PacBio and Illumina sequencing platforms, performed a comparative analysis against different species of Acer . The circular mitogenome of A. truncatum has a length of 791,052 bp, with a base composition of 27.11% A, 27.21% T, 22.79% G, and 22.89% C. The A. truncatum mitogenome contains 62 genes, including 35 protein-coding genes, 23 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. We also examined codon usage, sequence repeats, RNA editing and selective pressure in the A. truncatum mitogenome. To determine the evolutionary and taxonomic status of A. truncatum , we conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitogenomes of A. truncatum and 25 other taxa. In addition, the gene migration from chloroplast and nuclear genomes to the mitogenome were analyzed. Finally, we developed a novel NAD1 intron indel marker for distinguishing several Acer species. Conclusions In this study, we assembled and annotated the mitogenome of A. truncatum , a woody oil-tree species producing nervonic acid. The results of our analyses provide comprehensive information on the A. truncatum mitogenome, which would facilitate evolutionary research and molecular barcoding in Acer .

The MYB transcription factor (TF) family is extensively distributed across the plant kingdom. However, the functional significance of red maple MYB TFs remains unclear. Our research identified 393 MYB transcription factors in the Acer rubrum genome, and these ArMYB members were unevenly distributed across 34 chromosomes. Among them, R2R3 was the primary MYB subclass, which was further divided into 21 subgroups with their Arabidopsis homologs. The evolution of the ArMYB family was also investigated, with the results revealing several R2R3-MYB subgroups with expanded membership in woody species. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the ArMYB89 transcription level was significantly up-regulated in red leaves in contrast to green leaves. Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of ArMYB89 in red maple. Subcellular localization experiments indicated that ArMYB89 was localized on the nucleus. Further experiments revealed that ArMYB89 could interact with ArSGT1 in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression of ArMYB89 in tobacco might enhance the anthocyanin content of transgenic plants. In conclusion, our results contributed to the elucidation of a theoretical basis for the ArMYB gene family and provides a foundation for the further characterization of the biological roles of MYB genes in the regulation of Acer rubrum leaf color.

[目的]通过对元宝枫外植体灭菌方法和培养基配方的筛选,建立元宝枫快速繁殖体系,为开展元宝枫优良种苗繁育推广研究奠定基础,并为元宝枫后期优良种苗的规模化生产提供理论与技术支撑.[方法]以元宝枫带芽茎段为外植体,研究不同消毒剂处理方法、不同基本培养基类型(1/2MS、MS、1/2NN69、NN69)以及不同浓度外源生长调节剂(IBA)对腋芽诱导、生根等过程的影响.[结果]元宝枫茎段在体积分数75％乙醇中处理30 s和0.1％HgCl2灭菌180 s时,成活率最高,但外植体不宜在9月前后采集.在NN69培养基中添加0.2 mg/L IBA时,腋芽诱导率最高(97.2％),且用时最短(10～15 d).在1/2 NN69中添加0.4 mg/L IBA时有利于生根,生根率可达87.8％.[结论]元宝枫带芽茎段适宜的灭菌方法为75％乙醇处理30 s,再以质量分数0.1％HgCl2处理180 s;腋芽诱导的适宜培养基为NN69+IBA(0.2 mg/L);适宜元宝枫茎段生根的培养基为1/2 NN69+IBA(0.4 mg/L).以泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石体积比为7∶2∶1的混合基质为移栽基质时,试管苗移栽成活率可达95.0％.

Acer truncatum seeds are an excellent source of beneficial natural compounds, including high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), that promote health. Recently, A. truncatum has emerged as an oil crop. Therefore, the transcriptomes of A. truncatum seeds at 70, 85, 100, 115, 145, 180 days after flowering (DAF) were analyzed to gain a better understanding of the transcriptional and translational regulation of seed development and oil biosynthesis. A total of 28,438 genes were identified, and 3069/2636, 3288/3438, 1319/2750, and 5724/5815 upregulated/downregulated genes were identified when comparing different samples with 85 DAF seeds. Sixteen lipid metabolism pathways with 754 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 34 DEGs associated with UFA biosynthesis. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that six putative fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes clustered into five FAD groups. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the temporal expression patterns of oil biosynthesis genes and transcription factors were largely similar to the RNA sequencing results. The results of this study will enhance the current understanding of oil metabolism in A. truncatum seeds and allow new methods of improving oil quality and seed yield in the future.

休闲农业是推动落实乡村振兴战略的重要领域,休闲农业学科建设是推动休闲农业转型发展的内在原动力.文章在分析了乡村振兴战略对休闲农业科技创新提出的新要求的基础上,以江苏省农业科学院休闲农业研究所为例,重点阐述了其学科建设的现状、成效以及存在的问题,从加强学科多元协同发展、注重人才培养与引进、强化科技成果转化推广和创新管理体制机制等方面提出了加强学科建设的对策与建议,以期为农业科研单位的休闲农业学科建设提供理论依据.

[目的]槭属植物具有重要的园林观赏价值和药用价值,开发应用前景广阔,但该属植物分子生物学及基因组学研究还相对匮乏,此次研究利用流式细胞仪技术对该属中鸡爪槭和元宝枫基因组大小进行测定,为后期槭属植物的细胞遗传学和基因组学研究奠定基础.[方法]以鸡爪槭(Acer palmatum)和元宝枫(A.truncatum)的嫩叶为材料,首次采用LB01解离液和碘化丙啶(PI)荧光染料,利用基因组大小已知的玉米(Zea mays L.)CE-777作为内标,建立适合于该两种材料的流式细胞术基因组大小测定方法.[结果]LB01解离液对测定样品与内标解离效果均较好,粒子清晰集中,无重叠峰且区分度良好,最后测得鸡爪槭的基因组1C含量为0.840 4 pg,元宝枫的基因组1C含量为0.756 0 pg.[结论]基于流式细胞仪技术,选取合适的样品处理方法,可成功测定鸡爪槭和元宝枫的基因组大小.该结果和方法可丰富槭属植物的基因库,为揭示该属植物的物种起源和进化提供重要依据,也为其后期的基因组测序工作奠定了重要基础.

Taking Dendrobium officinale as material, red light, blue light, yellow light, red-blue light, red-blue-yellow light by light emitting diode ( LED) was applied to study the effects of LED light qualities on growth and chlorophyll characteristics by measuring the dry weight,fresh weight, plant height, stem diameter, polysaccharide content, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Fluorescent lamp was set as control. The red-blue light was beneficial for the accumulation of dry matter, and red-blue-yellow light was favorable for the increase of fresh weight and dry weight. Under red-blue light and red-blue-yellow light, the ability of energy absorption, energy transformation, energy transmission, energy distri-bution and energy dissipation in PSⅡreaction center increased significantly. In the red light treatment for 20 d, the content of chlorophyll attained the maximum, andφP0w,φE0,Ψ0, PIABS values showed no difference with those in red-blue light and red-blue-yellow light treatments. The short-term (around 20 d) red light illumination could promote the accumulation of polysaccha-ride. Red-blue-yellow light was conducive to the growth,accumulation of dry matter and polysaccharide content in D. officinale.

以鸡爪槭花粉为试材,采用液体培养基法进行离体培养,研究鸡爪槭花粉活力及贮藏特性.结果表明,鸡爪槭花粉萌发观察的最佳培养时间为24h;不同浓度蔗糖、硼酸对花粉萌发具有显著影响,确定了最适宜鸡爪槭花粉萌发的液体培养基为15％蔗糖+0.01％硼酸.不同的贮藏条件对花粉萌发有显著的影响,且花粉活力随着贮藏时间的延长而下降;室温条件下贮藏鸡爪槭花粉15 d之后完全丧失萌发能力,冷藏处理的花粉在20d后花粉活力降至28.1％,而冷冻贮藏的花粉贮藏20d以后花粉活力仍为46.6％.冷藏(4℃)和冷冻(-20℃)有利于保存鸡爪槭花粉,如花粉保存15d之内,冷藏和冷冻条件均可以;如保存15d以上,则冷冻保存更合适.

A pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of stimulated acid rain treatments with dif‐ferent pH values (pH 5 .6 ,pH 4 .0 ,pH 3 .0 and pH 2 .0) in autumn on leaf photosynthetic physiological characteristics in the leaf of Acer buergerianum Miq .The results showed that :(1) the relative contents of chlorophyll in the leaf decreased with pH value of stimulated acid rain decreased ,while content of MDA in the leaf increased .Membrane permeability and proline content firstly increased and then decreased during stimulated acid rain treatment .On the 20th day of the treatment ,membrane permeability of plants grow‐ing under pH 2 .0 reached the highest level of 146 .3% .(2) The net photosynthetic rate ,transpiration rate ,water use efficiency as well as apparent light utilization efficiency and apparent CO 2 utilization effi‐ciency significantly declined under stimulated acid rain treatments ,especially under stimulated acid rain of pH 3 .0 and 2 .0 .Comprehensive analysis showed that ,stimulated acid rain treatment of pH 4 .0 did not significantly affect leaf photosynthetic physiological characteristics ,but stimulated acid rain at pH 3 .0 and below make chlorophyll contents decreased ,damage the membrane system and result in a significant de‐crease of photosynthetic rate .Also A .buergerianum Miq .is able to adapt to weak acid rain environment , that could be used as afforestation tree species in acid rain area .

以鸡爪槭幼苗为材料,采用盆栽方法,研究了不同盐浓度[0.042％(对照)、0.2％、0.4％和0.6％]对鸡爪槭幼苗生长的伤害和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果显示:当土壤NaCl含量为0.2％、0.4％和0.6％时,鸡爪槭幼苗分别表现为轻度、中度和重度盐害;叶片含水量、叶绿素a和b及叶绿素总含量均随盐浓度的增加而显著下降,花色素苷含量则表现为随盐浓度的增大而显著上升,分别比对照高出48.7％、280.3％和382.7％;叶片叶绿素荧光参数PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、潜在量子效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学量子产量(Yield)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)均随着盐浓度的增大呈显著下降趋势,但非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)在低盐胁迫时则较对照显著提高,0.2％ NaCl处理时比对照显著增加33.3％,而高盐胁迫下则显著下降.研究表明,盐胁迫显著抑制了鸡爪槭幼苗叶片叶绿素合成和光合作用进行,而幼苗叶片在低盐胁迫下则可能通过增加PSⅡ反应中心非辐射热能量耗散来保护光合机构不受损害,从而表现出一定的耐盐胁迫能力.

选用糖槭为材料，使用不同型号遮阳网、设置不同遮光环境，研究不同遮光条件对糖槭叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明，遮光可以显著提高糖槭叶片的 Fv ／Fm、PIABS、ET0／TR0和 ET0／ABS，降低叶片的 ABS／RC、ET0／RC和 DI0／RC；在遮光50％的条件下，糖槭表现出最大净光合速率。遮光有利于提高糖槭叶片 PSⅡ反应中心对能量的转化和利用，同时降低对能量的耗散，两者平衡是提高糖槭光合性能的关键。

为探索减少除草剂用量与用药频次情况下有效预防园艺植物资源圃杂草群落恶性发展策略,研究了槭树资源圃杂草群落总密度、总鲜重、总盖度与相对重要值等参数对(噁)草酮、百草枯、草甘膦及复配药剂的响应.结果表明,(噁)草酮与百草枯复配,药后20 d对杂草群落的抑制作用最佳,杂草量比对照减少约85％;复配药剂(噁)草酮&百草枯与(噁)草酮&草甘膦药后40d杂草危害显著低于对照及各单剂处理,两复配剂间无显著差异.综合考察杂草群落响应参数与各杂草相对重要值RI,发现(噁)草酮与草甘膦复配比草甘膦或百草枯单剂抑草效果更好、更持久,由此可推测,(噁)草酮与草甘膦复配可大大减少每年用药频次与药剂使用总量,能在一定程度上减小化学药剂对农田生态环境带来的危害.

苏州东太湖湿地保护开发规划依托显著的自然地理优势、得天独厚的湿地资源、苏州市东山镇的人文景观、水乡风情和良好的生态外环境，从指导思想、目标定位、总体布局、功能分区、专项规划等入手，详细介绍规划设计的理念与手法及开发建设的思路，建议将东太湖湿地建成华东地区规模最大、效益最好、生态和谐、布局合理的湿地区域，以进一步带动当地旅游产业的发展。

弱光普遍存在于植物生长过程中，影响着植物的光合作用。本文综述了弱光条件对不同植物光合器官、光合作用以及光合产物的影响，同时对其形成机理进行分析，并指出了未来的研究方向。