为了探索承德白鹅的潜在利用价值,试验选取健康的、日龄相近的成年承德白鹅40只(公母各半)以及50枚种鹅蛋,测定承德白鹅的蛋品质、体尺指标及屠宰性能,并对各指标进行了相关性分析.结果 表明:承德白鹅蛋的平均蛋重为126.62 g,蛋形指数为1.46,蛋壳颜色为74.17,哈夫单位为65.87;承德白鹅公母鹅胸宽、胸深、胫长、胫围、体斜长、龙骨长、骨盆宽、半潜水长、颈长等体尺指标差异不显著(P＞0.05);承德白鹅公母鹅活重、屠体重、全净膛重、半净膛重等屠宰指标差异极显著(P＜0.01),胸肌重差异显著(P＜0.05),腿肌重、腹脂重差异不显著(P＞0.05);承德白鹅的屠宰性能各指标间存在显著或极显著正相关.说明承德白鹅公母鹅体尺指标无明显差别,而屠宰性能存在显著差异,公鹅的产肉更多.

The subjective of the study was to investigate the air quality of different styles of calf barns in the cold regions in China.Three representative styles of calf barns in north mountainous area of Hebei province were used to detect indoor and outdoor concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in both spring and autumn.The result indicated that the CO2 level in the semi-open house or closed house with south windows was significantly higher than the house with windows on both sides(P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the CO2 level in the semi-open house and closed house with south windows (P>0.05).In both spring and autumn, the CO2 levels of all three styles of calf barns showed the trend of high level in the morning and evening and low level at noon.The highest value of CO2 level was 1 081 mg/m3 in spring morning in the house with north windows, and the lowest was 397 mg/m3 in the house with windows on both sides.Compared with outdoor CO2 levels, the indoor CO2 levels were significantly higher (P<0.05), except for the house with south windows.The result of the study would provide some reference for the architectural design of calf houses.

青山羊以性成熟早、常年发情、繁殖率高及独特的毛色花型、产羔皮(青山羊羔皮、猾子皮)而著称,是我国优良的皮肉兼用山羊品种.据《中国羊品种志》记载,在我国地方山羊品种中,济宁青山羊繁殖力最高,年可产两窝或两年三窝.实际观察出生6月龄即可配种,一年可产两窝或两年三窝,可实施密集产羔体系,每窝产2～3羔,产羔率293.7％.吃草少、耐粗饲、易饲养、成本低.本试验主要对承德市双丰牧业养殖有限公司2014年新购进的500只青山羊在承德地区进行养殖效果,如适应性、生长性、繁殖性能等进行观察,阐述青山羊在寒冷地区的养殖效果.

文章旨在研究坝上寒区奶牛舍冬季温热环境.选择三种代表性建筑类型奶牛舍,检测舍内外环境温度、相对湿度和风速,通过综合指数—风寒温度(WCT)评价奶牛冷应激程度.结果表明,不同建筑类型奶牛舍温湿度差异明显,低屋面横向通风舍(舍1)和半钟楼式舍(舍2)温度明显高于带舍外运动场的双坡舍(舍3),舍1、舍2和舍3的昼夜均温分别为5.97、3.07和-6.21℃,舍3一天中有18.5 h(18:00～12:30)处于-4℃以下低温环境,而舍1的南北两侧温差和湿差均较大,平均温差达5.62℃(6:30～19:30),湿差达41.2％(0:00～24:00),北侧平均湿度高达96.5％.舍2一天中有14 h(20:30～10:30)处于80％以上高湿环境.三种牛舍早中晚各时间段内WCT均低于-10℃,但不同舍间WCT差异显著(P＜0.01),舍3最低,尤其是早上.研究可为坝上寒区牛舍设计及环境改善提供借鉴.

新鲜的肉鸡粪水分高,要通过晾晒到水分含量达到50～60％才能堆积发酵.牛粪碳氮比高,在有氧发酵即使添加发酵剂也不宜发酵.肉鸡粪与牛粪混合,能降低含水量,降低碳氮比,使条件更适合有氧堆积发酵. 1 材料与方法 1.1 试验材料和地点 试验在承德县仓子乡承德瑞赖华龙牧工商开发有限公司有机肥厂进行,牛粪和肉鸡粪来自周边,发酵均为自己研制的发酵菌剂(20％低温发酵菌、30％中温发酵菌,50％高温发酵菌组合).