[目的]采集西伯利亚杏发育期种仁,测定其单仁质量、油脂含量和脂肪酸组分,明确西伯利亚杏种仁发育特点、油脂累积特征和脂肪酸组分变化规律.[方法]以西伯利亚杏发育期种仁为试材,测定各时期种仁质量,利用索氏提取法提取西伯利亚杏发育期种仁油脂,并以气相色谱仪法测定各时期种仁脂肪酸组分及其含量,研究其种仁生长发育特点、油脂积累和脂肪酸组分变化规律.[结果]西伯利亚杏种仁发育期约为100 d,从花后10 d～66 d为种仁质量快速累积期(0.021～0.332 g),占整个发育期累积的88%,而花后66 d～101 d为西伯利亚杏种仁质量缓慢累积期(0.332～0.353 g);西伯利亚杏种仁油脂累积呈"慢—快—慢"的变化模式,可分为3个阶段,即油脂缓慢累积期(花后10～45 d)、油脂快速累积期(花后45～73 d)和油脂减缓累积期(花后73～101 d).油脂累积过程中先后检测出油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、棕榈油酸、二十碳烯酸和花生酸;随着种仁发育硬脂酸、棕榈酸、二十碳烯酸和花生酸等饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐下降,而油酸、亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐增长,成熟种仁中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达95%,其中油酸含量达到76.0%,亚油酸含量达到18.5%.相关性分析表明,西伯利亚杏种仁发育过程中油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈油酸含量间呈显著正相关,均呈逐渐增加趋势;棕榈酸、硬脂酸和二十碳烯酸间呈显著正相关,在种仁发育过程中呈递减趋势;油酸和亚麻酸与亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、二十碳烯酸呈显著负相关.[结论]西伯利亚杏种仁含油量高,油脂品质优,种仁生长发育期可分为快速生长期(10～66 d)和缓慢生长期(66～101 d);而种仁油脂累积呈"慢—快—慢"的"S"型变化模式,根据油脂含量的变化规律,可将西伯利亚杏种仁油脂累积过程划分为3个阶段;西伯利亚杏种仁油脂累积过程中先后出现8种脂肪酸组分.研究结果可为西伯利亚杏的栽培管理,以及进一步开展西伯利亚杏种仁油脂累积及脂肪酸组分转化机理研究提供理论支撑.

[目的]基于SSR分子标记分析桃主栽品种的遗传多样性和遗传背景,构建桃主栽品种的SSR分子指纹图谱.[方法]利用15个多态性高、重复性强的SSR分子标记,对我国26个桃主栽品种进行PCR扩增、毛细管荧光电泳检测,分析其遗传多样性,构建桃主栽品种的SSR分子指纹图谱.[结果]15对SSR引物在供试26个桃主栽品种中共检测到259个等位基因(Na)和213.41个有效等位基因(Ne),每个位点的平均Na和Ne分别为17.27个和14.23个;其中,位点BPPCT-025上检测到的Na和Ne数量最多,分别为23个和20.94个,而位点pchgms-54和UDP97-402上的Na(均12个)和Ne(10.31和10.04个)数量最少;期望杂合度和观察杂合度分别介于0.24～0.63和0.29～0.79之间,其平均值分别为0.43和0.54;多态性信息指数(PIC)在0.76～0.91之间,平均值为0.83.所采用15对SSR引物中,引物pchgms25的鉴别能力最强,能够将10个桃主栽品种鉴别开;而将引物pchgms25与PceGA25、UDP96-003、UD98-412-50、UDP98-409、UDP98-406、UDP97-402、Pchgms4-54和BPPCT-001相结合,可将供试26个桃主栽品种鉴别开,据此构建了26个桃主栽品种的SSR分子指纹图谱.26个桃主栽品种的遗传相似度较高(0.64～0.94),在遗传相似度系数0.70时,可将供试26个桃主栽品种分为3组,同一品系品种优先聚在一起,其分组聚类结果与品种来源基本一致.[结论]桃主栽品种的遗传多样性水平适中,遗传背景较狭窄,遗传相似度较高,不同品系间基因交流较少.本研究结果可为后期桃种质资源的创新、桃核心种质资源库的建立以及桃种质资源的保护与利用提供技术与理论支撑.

The biomass, macroelements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and microelements (Fe, Zn) contents were detected in organs of 1a-3a Eucalyptus grandis saplings, as wel as their accumulated amount. Results showed that contents of nutrient elements varied greatly in different organs. Total contents of macroelements N, P, K, Ca and Mg in 1a-3a E. grandis were distributed in the order of stem phloem, leaves > branch-es, roots > stem xylem. Accumulated amount of macroelements in 1a-3a E. grandis were in the order of leaves > branches > stem phloem > roots or stem xylem >stem xylem or roots. Accumulated amount law of nutrient elements was not affected by the plant age. Microelements Fe and Zn were mainly concentrated in the leaves and roots. The accumulation of macroelements was in the order of Ca > N > K >Mg > P; and the microelements was in the order of Fe > Zn. Accumulated amounts of microelements in 1a-3a E. grandis were 12.45 136.19 and 420.23 g per plants, respectively. Among the annual net accumulated amount of nutrient ele-ments per plant in 1a-3a E. grandis, Ca element was the maximum, N and K ele-ments took the second and third places. Mg element was relatively smal and P el-ement was the minimum.

The fruits and seeds from four Elaeagnus mollis natural populations were collected in Pinglu,Xipo,Yaxia,and Ganquan as materials.The nested design was used to analyze the variation law and pattern of six phenotypic traits of E.mollis fruits and seeds from four natural distributed provenances.It showed that extremely significant differences were found among provenances in fruits length,seeds length,fruits length/fruits width and seeds length/seeds width.Difference in fruits width and seeds width were not remarkable among populations.The phenotypic differentiation coefficient of populations were 8.51%(fruits length),0%(fruits width),24.46%(seeds length),1.61%(seeds width),16.67%(fruits length/fruits width),and 29.41%(seeds length/seeds width),less than that among families in each trait.The traits of variation mainly come from the individuals.

In order to determine the natural variability of fruits characters of Elaeagnus mollis.Provide evidence for the collecting,utilization,preserving and breeding of germplasm resources of E.mollis.Four provenances of natural E.mollis fruits and seeds in southern of Shanxi province were taken as materials.Use fruits length,fruit width,seeds length,seed width as index for clustering and discriminant analysis,the large Palace Lantern,the small Palace Lantern and the long fruit type were preliminary determined and discriminant functions were established.The results showed that: differences between types are significant while within types are small.The correct rate of discriminant analysis is 98.4 %,it can judge fruit category reasonable.

The application and progress of molecular markers in such fields as cultivar identification,genetic linkage map construction,genetic diversity analysis,genetic relationship analysis,molecular assisted breeding,and so on for woody oil plants was presented,and the exiting problems and application prospects about these was also discussed in this paper.