目前我国新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情形势积极向好,但是随着社会的复工复产继而复学,全国各级医疗机构普通病区收治住院患者数量将逐渐增加,医疗机构普通病区疫情防控工作面临较大的挑战.青岛大学附属医院以"管理传染源,切断传播途径,保护易感人群"为原则,总结收治新型冠状病毒肺炎疑似/确诊病例近百例且未发生院内交叉感染的防控管理经验,制定普通病区疫情防控管理策略,为恢复正常医疗服务秩序提供保障.

在大学英语课堂中开展协同写作活动,需要有效的策略指导.教师依次讲解示范、设定话题、布置任务、监控指导、评分反馈,而学生则相应地进行模拟演练、课前准备、分组配对、协同写作、总结反思.对参与者的互动过程、产出文本和态度感受进行的评估证明了协同写作活动的应用价值.

目的:对英文版夜尿症相关生活质量量表(N-QOL)进行汉化,并检测中文版N-QOL信效度.方法:征得源量表作者同意后对英文版N-QOL量表进行汉化,通过咨询相关专家及预试验对量表条目进行调适,并检测其信效度.结果:中文版N-QOL具有良好的信效度,各条目专家内容效度指数(I-CVI)范围为0.8～1.0,量表内容效度指数(S-CVI)为0.923;睡眠/精力维度、困扰/关注维度及总量表的Cronbach′sα系数分别为0.763、0.734、0.782;探索性因子分析中,共提取4个因子,4个因子的累积贡献率为70.38％;量表对平均每晚排尿2次与≥3次两组患者的生活质量具有较好的区分效度.结论:中文版N-QOL量表具有良好的信效度,可用于我国夜尿症患者生活质量的测评及对夜尿症相关治疗效果的评价.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the change of prevalence rate of nosocomial infections so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of the nosocomial infections.METHODS By means of cross-sectional survey,the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections in the hospitalized patients was investigated,and the results of 4 surveys that were conducted from 2012 to 2015 were observed and compared.RESULTS Totally 4476 patients were supposed to be investigated,and 4473 patients were actually investigated,with the actual investigation rate 99.93％.Of the 4473 patients,172(181 case-times)had nosocomial infections,with the prevalence rate 3.85％(case-time prevalence rate 4.05％).The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was decreased year by year from 2012 to 2015,however,there was no significant difference among the four years(χ2=4.66,P=0.20).The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was high in the hospitalized patients of critical care medicine department,department of thoracic surgery,pediatric department of hematology,hematology department,kidney transplantation department and department of nephropathy.The lower respiratory tract,blood system,upper respiratory tract,urinary tract and surgical sites ranked the top 5 nosocomial infection sites,accounting for 48.07％,16.57％,9.94％,6.08％and 6.08％,respectively.Klebsiella pneumoniae was the predominant pathogen causing the nosocomial infection,accounting for 18.03％(22 strains).The total utilization rate of antibiotics was 29.4％,and the utilization rate of antibiotics showed a downward trend from 2012 to 2015(χ2=77.07,P<0.01).CONCLUSION The survey of prevalence rate of nosocomial infections may effectively reflect the status of nosocomial infections and related factors,facilitate the control of nosocomial infections and help to achieve remarkable effect on reasonable use of antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution characteristics of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDROs) in hospital and the strategy of prevention and control of infection.METHODS Identification of bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity test were performed on various specimens of hospitalized patients from Jan.2015 to Dec.2015 by automated microbe analyzer.Drug sensitive data were processed by WHONET5.5 software.Objective surveillance of MDROs infection was carried out.The data were statistically analyzed.Effective control measures were adopted to control the nosocomial infections of MDROs.RESULTS Totally 673 strains of MDROs were detected, which were mainly 344 strains of ESBLs-producing ECO, accounting for 54.0%.The isolated MDROs mainly came from sputum, which was a total of 252 strains, accounting for 39.6%.The resistant rates of MRSA to erythromycin, penicillin G and oxacillin were high, which were all 100.0%.ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae had high resistant rates to ampicillin, which were both higher than 95.0%.Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii had high resistant rates to aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, which were all higher than 90%.CONCLUSION It is necessary to strengthen the targeted surveillance of MDROs in the hospital, meanwhile complete the work of disinfection and isolation, and reasonably use antibiotics, so as to prevent and control the infections of MDROs.

高等教育大众化已经成为一个不可逆转的形势,如何在保证教育质量发展的趋势上继续提高教育质量成为一个更有挑战性的课题.本文在分析现状的基础上,提出了相关的对策.