To systematically review the current research on spectral technology in the identification of lung cancer tissues and the application of artificial intelligence,to clarify the clinical application value and development direction of artificial intelligence combined with spectral diagnosis technology.Pubmed and CNKI databases were searched via using a specific strategy,and the better performing spectral techniques in the field of pathological diagnosis were summarized and briefly compared.The current mainstream spectral techniques include hyperspectral imaging,diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,and multispectral techniques.Artificial intelligence can further enhance the diagnostic performance of spectral techniques.Artificial intelligence combined with spectral diagnosis has the potential to realize the instant differentiation of lung cancer invasion degree,but most of the current research is still at the stage of differentiating benign and malignant tumors and determining the tumor boundary.

BACKGROUND:Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. The accuracy of intraoperative frozen section (FS) in the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma infiltration cannot fully meet the clinical needs. The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of improving the diagnostic efficiency of FS in lung adenocarcinoma by using the original multi-spectral intelligent analyzer.METHODS:Patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent surgery in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2021 to December 2022 were included in the study. The multispectral information of pulmonary nodule tissues and surrounding normal tissues were collected. A neural network model was established and the accuracy of the neural network diagnostic model was verified clinically.RESULTS:A total of 223 samples were collected in this study, 156 samples of primary lung adenocarcinoma were finally included, and a total of 1,560 sets of multispectral data were collected. The area under the curve (AUC) of spectral diagnosis in the test set (10% of the first 116 cases) of the neural network model was 0.955 (95%CI: 0.909-1.000, P<0.05), and the diagnostic accuracy was 95.69%. In the clinical validation group (the last 40 cases), the accuracy of spectral diagnosis and FS diagnosis were both 67.50% (27/40), and the AUC of the combination of the two was 0.949 (95%CI: 0.878-1.000, P<0.05), and the accuracy was 95.00% (38/40).CONCLUSIONS:The accuracy of the original multi-spectral intelligent analyzer in the diagnosis of lung invasive adenocarcinoma and non-invasive adenocarcinoma is equivalent to that of FS. The application of the original multi-spectral intelligent analyzer in the diagnosis of FS can improve the diagnostic accuracy and reduce the complexity of intraoperative lung cancer surgery plan.
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Objective To observe the effects of Shenqi Xingnao Prescription on learning and memory ability, contents of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in brain tissue in mice models with scopolamine-induced Alzheimer disease (AD); To investigate its mechanism for prevention and treatment for AD. Methods Totally 110 ICR mice were randomly divided into control group, control+Shenqi Xingnao Prescription high-dose group,model group,donepezil group,model+Shenqi Xingnao Prescription high-,medium-,and low-dose groups. The control and model group were given distilled water for gavage, and the other groups were given the corresponding medicine for gavage, once a day, for 14 days. On the 15th day, Morris water maze test and object recognition test were used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of each group. The model mice of memory impairment induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine was established 20 minutes before the behavioral test. The expressions of ChAT and AChE in cortex and hippocampus were detected by Western blot. Results The results of Morris water maze test showed that compared with the control group, the model group had significant longer escape latency(P<0.05);Compared with the model group,Shenqi Xingnao Prescription medium-and high-dose groups could shorten the escape latency (P<0.05). The results of the object recognition test showed that compared with the control group, the ability of the model group to explore new things decreased and the discrimination index (DI) decreased (P<0.001);Compared with the model group,Shenqi Xingnao Prescription groups could increase the DI of model mice (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). The results of Western blot showed that the expression of AChE protein in the cortex and hippocampus of the model group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01); Compared with the model group, Shenqi Xingnao Prescription low- and medium-dose groups could decrease the expression of AChE in the cortex in different degrees(P<0.01);Shenqi Xingnao Prescription groups could decreaed the expression of AChE in the hippocampus (P<0.001); There was no significant statistical significance in the expression of ChAT in the cortex and hippocampus in each group.Conclusion Shenqi Xingnao Prescription can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of AD model mice induced by scopolamine, which may be related to the descent expression of AChE protein in the cortex and hippocampus of the model mice.

目的:通过研究参芪醒脑浸膏对氢溴酸东莨菪碱致小鼠痴呆模型的行为学及皮层中乙酰胆碱转移酶(choline acetyltransferase,ChAT)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetyl cholinesterase,AChE)含量的影响,探索其防治阿尔茨海默病的可能作用机制.方法:ICR小鼠105只,随机分为7组,分别为对照组、对照+高剂量组、模型组、参芪醒脑浸膏低、中、高剂量组(1.25,2.5,5 g·kg-1)、多奈哌齐组(1 mg·kg-1),每组15只.对照组和模型组灌胃给予蒸馏水,其余各组灌胃给予相应剂量的药物,每日给药1次,连续给药14天,第15天进行行为学实验,采用氢溴酸东莨菪碱腹腔注射诱发小鼠记忆障碍建立模型,用Morris水迷宫、物体识别实验评价各组小鼠的学习和记忆能力.每只小鼠在进行行为学前的20分钟腹腔注射氢溴酸东莨菪碱,剂量为1 mg·kg-1;通过western blot方法检测各组小鼠皮层组织中ChAT和AChE蛋白表达的变化.结果:①Morris水迷宫实验结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组小鼠逃避潜伏期延长,即学习记忆能力下降(P<0.05).与模型组相比,参芪醒脑浸膏低、中、高剂量治疗组小鼠的逃避潜伏期缩短,结果差异具有统计学(P<0.05).②新物体识别实验结果显示,模型组对新事物的探究能力下降,即辨别指数降低(P<0.05),参芪醒脑浸膏低、中、高剂量治疗组均能不同程度增加东莨菪碱致学习记忆障碍模型小鼠的相对辨别指数(P<0.05);③Western blot结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组AchE蛋白的表达量明显升高(P<0.05),与模型组相比,参芪醒脑浸膏治疗组则能不同程度降低AchE蛋白的表达量(P<0.05).ChAT蛋白的表达在各组之间差异均无明显的统计学(P>0.05).结论:中药参芪醒脑浸膏能明显改善东莨菪碱致老年痴呆小鼠模型的学习记忆能力,可能与降低脑内AchE蛋白的表达量,使脑内Ach含量增加有关.

目的:阿尔茨海默病是一种常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病,是老年痴呆中最常见的类型,占50％～75％,其主要症状是渐进性的记忆障碍、认知障碍、人格改变及语言障碍等神经精神症状,导致生活、工作和社会能力减退.阿尔茨海默病主要的病理改变为β淀粉样蛋白沉积形成的细胞外老年斑和tau蛋白过度磷酸化形成的神经细胞内神经原纤维缠结.山茱萸环烯醚萜苷(cornel iridoid glycoside,CIG)是本室从中药山茱萸中提取的有效部位.目前有文献表明tau蛋白的沉积与认知功能衰退和神经的变性具有很强的相关性,所以本室应用rTg4510小鼠这种能够过度表达人类P301Ltau基因而导致形成大量NFT、学习记忆障碍及大量神经元死亡的小鼠为拟AD模型,研究CIG对rTg4510小鼠学习记忆障碍的影响.方法:①分组及给药:选用3月龄的rTg4510小鼠,灌胃给药4个月.实验分为七各组,分别为对照组、对照+CIG中剂量组(100 mg·kg-1)、模型组、小剂量组(50 mg·kg-1)、中剂量组(100 mg·kg-1)、大剂量组(200 mg·kg-1)、美金刚组(5 mg·kg-1).②应用Morris水迷宫实验、物体识别实验检测小鼠的学习记忆能力,Y迷宫实验及自主活动实验检测小鼠的活动性(活跃程度).结果:①3月龄的rTg4510小鼠,灌胃给药4个月后可缩短其在Morris水迷宫中的逃避潜伏期及增加在其在撤台实验中的平台穿越次数,增加其对新物体的分辨指数水平,表明CIG能够改善rTg4510小鼠的学习记忆功能.②3月龄的rTg4510小鼠,灌胃给药4个月后可增加其在Y迷宫实验中的总进臂次数和总路程,增加其在自主活动中的活动次数.结论:本研究发现,7月龄的rTg4510小鼠已出现学习记忆障碍和高活动性及类似焦虑的症状,而CIG能够改善rTg4510小鼠的学习记忆障碍以及高活动性.

目的:评价二苯乙烯苷(2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside,TSG)在长期给药过程中对APP/PS1小鼠学习记忆功能的影响及其对阿尔茨海默病病理改变的影响,同时比较其与多奈哌齐药效学及药理作用的不同.方法:给APP/PS1小鼠灌胃给药(TSG,50 mg·kg-1,100 mg·kg-1;donepezil,1 mg·kg-1)在给药后用Morris水迷宫实验,新物体识别实验,自主活动,评价小鼠的学习记忆功能及小鼠的活动性.硫磺素染色和Aβ40/42免疫荧光共定位观察全脑斑块沉积,免疫组化染色观察皮层和海马部位斑块沉积情况,ELISA方法检测脑内可溶及不可溶Aβ42的含量,用Western Blot方法检测皮层及海马部位Aβ生成及代谢途径的关键酶的含量,以此来判断TSG药物在改善老年痴呆的作用及其作用的关键点.结果:Morris水迷宫实验结果显示APP/PS1模型组与Wild Type对照组相比逃避潜伏期明显延长,给药后逃避潜伏期明显缩短,TSG与DON相比,逃避潜伏期更短.新物体识别实验显示APP/PS1模型组与Wild Type对照组相比分辨指数明显缩短,给药后分辨指数提高,TSG与DON相比,分辨指数明显提高.硫磺素染色与Aβ40/42免疫荧光共定位,斑块能够完全重合,说明斑块的主要成分是Aβ40/42,实验结果统计分析APP/PS1模型组与Wild Type对照组相比脑内斑块显著,给药后全脑斑块减少,以小剂量最为显著,Don也能减少斑块沉积,减少程度较TSG稍差.免疫组化染色皮层斑块沉积,APP/PS1模型组与Wild Type对照组相比皮层斑块显著,给药后皮层斑块减少;免疫组化染色海马斑块沉积,APP/PS1模型组与Wild Type对照组相比海马斑块显著,给药后海马斑块减少.另外Western Blot检测了Aβ代谢通路,前体蛋白和关键代谢酶,给药后APP,BACE-1,PS1表达量减低.用ELISA方法检测脑内可溶及不可溶性Aβ42的含量,结果显示APP/PS1模型组与Wild Type对照组相比可溶性Aβ42含量明显增高,给药后有一定程度减低;不可溶性Aβ42,APP/PS1模型组与Wild Type对照组相比明显增加.给药后不可溶性Aβ42明显减低,DON对不可溶性Aβ42的脑内含量减低,效果与TSG相比不明显.结论:TSG在长期给药后能够改善小鼠的空间学习记忆功能,对斑块所导致的记忆功能减退,有显著的提高作用,而与TSG相比DON的改善学习记忆能力更为显著.TSG对小鼠的活动能力无不良影响.TSG能够减少斑块沉积,其中不可溶性Aβ42减低最为明显.进一步研究Western Blot结果显示TSG能够减少APP的表达,在板块生成途径能够影响关键代谢酶BACE-1和PS1.TSG长期药效优于DON.