目的 探讨不同画钟测验(CDT)评分系统、简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)及蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)在煤矿地区老年人认知功能障碍筛查中的效能.方法 招募大同煤矿地区认知障碍老年患者85例,以及认知正常老年人95例,应用CDT-Lin、CDT-Royall、MMSE和MoCA对两组老年人认知功能进行量化评分,比较两组人群基本信息和各项认知评分,绘制各量表认知筛查受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,比较各量表认知筛查的灵敏度和特异度.结果 两组人群在性别、年龄、受教育年限、体质指数、吸烟和饮酒情况、社会活动情况、体育锻炼情况、独居情况等均无统计学差异;认知障碍组CDT-Lin、CDT-Royall、MMSE和MoCA认知评分显著低于认知正常组.CDT-Lin、CDT-Royall、MMSE和MoCA认知筛查曲线下面积分别为60.1％、62.3％、80.5％和86.2％(P<0.05).MoCA认知筛查的灵敏度最高(98.8％),MMSE认知筛查的特异度最高(91.6％),与其他量表相比均存在统计学差异.与CDT-Royall相比,CDT-Lin评分系统认知筛查的灵敏度较高,但特异度较低(P<0.01).结论 将简单评分系统CDT与MMSE量表联合用于煤矿地区老年人早期认知筛查,并在认知障碍诊断中联合MoCA量表,以提高认知筛查和诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确度.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of the Mini-Mental State Scale (MMSE) versus the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) in screening cognitive impairment in patients with a lacunar cerebral infarction. Methods:138 eligible patients who received treatment in the Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Datong University from January 2018 to October 2019 were recruited for this study. They received cognitive function evaluation by the MMSE and MoCA. These patients were grouped according to the median number of age or the median number of years of education. The sensitivity and consistency of the MMSE versus MoCA in screening cognitive impairment in patients with a lacunar cerebral infarction were analyzed using the χ2 test. The total cognitive scores of the MMSE and MoCA, and the scores of each cognitive domain such as memory, execution, visual space, attention, language, and orientation, were compared between groups using multiple linear regression analysis. Results:The sensitivity of MoCA in screening for cognitive impairment in low-age, high-age, low-year-education, and high-year-education groups and the whole population of patients with a lacunar cerebral infarction was 76.5%, 75.7%, 74.2%, 77.8%, 76.1%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of MMSE (44.1%, 65.7%, 60.6%, 50.0%, 55.1%, χ2 = 12.17, 13.13, 9.33, 15.75, 23.86, all P < 0.01). The Kappa coefficients of low-age, high-age, low-year-education and high-year-education groups were 0.336, 0.391, 0.358, 0.389, and 0.373, respectively, all of which were less than 0.4 (all P < 0.01). These findings suggest that the consistency of the two scales in screening cognitive impairment is poor. The cognitive impairment detection rate by the MMSE was significantly higher in the high-age group than in the low-age group (65.7% vs. 44.1%, χ2 = 6.50, P < 0.05). The total cognitive scores of MMSE and MoCA and the scores of memory, execution, visual space, attention, language, and orientation in patients with a lacunar cerebral infarction were significantly lower in the high-age group or low-year-education group than in the low-age group ( tMMSE = 3.61, 2.49, 3.12, 4.26, 1.70, 3.69, 2.24, all P < 0.01; tMoCA = 3.83, 1.75, 3.28, 3.80, 2.21, 4.08, 2.52, all P < 0.05) or high-year-education group ( tMMSE = -2.87, -2.32, -0.85, -2.54, -0.73, -2.57, -2.96, all P < 0.01; tMoCA = -2.95, -1.12, -3.39, -1.54, -1.52, -3.09, -3.02, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Combined application of MMSE and MoCA has a high clinical value in screening cognitive impairment in patients with a lacunar cerebral infarction. High-age patients with a lacunar cerebral infarction who receive low-year education have memory, execution, visual space, attention, language, and orientation impairments.

目的 比较简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)在老人认知功能筛查中的作用.方法 选择某煤矿社区156名老人,分别进行MMSE和MoCA测评,按年龄或受教育年限分组后,比较各组MMSE和MoCA总分,分析2种量表筛查认知障碍的敏感度和一致性.结果 各组MoCA总分均显著低于MMSE总分(P<0.01),并呈正相关(P<0.01).随年龄增加和受教育年限降低,MMSE和MoCA总分均显著降低(P<0.01).各组中MoCA阳性筛查率显著高于MMSE(P<0.01),且一致性一般.结论 MMSE和MoCA量表可以不同程度评定老年人认知功能减退,且MoCA筛查敏感度优于MMSE,这将为老年人认知障碍的评定提供较为客观数据.