[目的]识别兆河流域非点源污染分布特征及其关键源区,为流域污染控制和清洁小流域建设提供科学参考.[方法]通过建立流域非点源污染控制模型,模拟研究该流域在现状年和规划年的非点源污染分布特征.采用单元负荷指数法识别流域的关键污染源区,预测不同非点源污染控制措施对流域污染负荷量的削减效果.[结果]兆河流域规划年的氮磷负荷量比现状年分别增加45.3％和8.0％;县河、失曹河、裴河、盛桥河及环圩河子流域为流域非点源污染关键区;通过设置合理的工程措施和耕种管理措施可有效控制流域非点源污染.[结论]合适的非点源管控措施有助于削减流域氮磷污染负荷量.耕种管理措施加工程措施为最佳管理措施,可以有效控制流域总氮和总磷的非点源污染.

针对华庆油田长6油藏高含水井逐年攀升,常规堵水工艺增油效果不佳的问题,通过对储层地质特征、油田开发等因素进行深入剖析,明确见水特征.为进一步提高封堵高含水层的效果,降低后期压裂窜层的风险,文章通过对丙烯酰胺单体进行嫁接复配,形成了HQTPAM聚合物,提出了新型深部堵水堵剂体系,该体系具有较好的耐温、抗盐、抗压等性能,并与无机封堵结合,形成了"有机多段塞封堵+无机封口"的堵水工艺,通过与暂堵转向压裂技术相结合,实现了堵水、压裂联作,形成了堵老缝压新缝的化学堵水转向压裂技术.截至目前,现场试验3井次,有效3 口,井均日增油0.8t,含水下降34.2％,降水增油效果显著;该技术为高含水井治理提供了新思路,建议推广应用.

[目的]探究水库开发建设及管理活动对汤浦水库流域土地利用及生态环境效应的影响,为水源地水库污染防治及运行管理提供参考.[方法]通过ENVI遥感解译水库流域从建库前至今5个不同时期的土地利用状况,分析水库流域LUCC转移矩阵和生态价值指数,并基于ArcGIS空间分析,对流域内主要污染监测控制区进行识别,同时对水库流域内现有居民搬迁后流域生态价值指数变化趋势进行预测.[结果]流域主要LUCC表现为林地草地—林地;近20 a流域生态价值指数呈N字形趋势,在2008年达到最高,流域中部山地林区的生态价值指数高于其他区域且生态价值较为稳定;流域重点监控区应设在沿S212省道东西走向一段及王坛镇区域;逐步实施流域生态搬迁以后,流域相对生态价值指数上升趋势先慢后快.搬迁地的生态价值指数由0.015增加至0.081,相应的,全流域的生态价值指数提高11.2％.[结论]水库流域近20 a生态环境保护良好,退耕还林工程的实施以及人类活动是影响水源地水库保护区生境质量变化的主要原因.

In order to explore the temporal-spatial distribution of non-point source pollution of Tangpu reservoir watershed.The non-point pollution model is established based on SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)model.The model is first calibrated and then to be validated.The simulation result shows that in the reservoir watershed,the loss of sediment,organic nitrogen and organophosphorus related with precipitation occurring mainly in flood season.The non-point pollutions are mainly arising from the eastern and northern of the basin.The source shows the consistency in space.The contents of pollution are uneven in different lands.Maximum sediment load is agricultural land with Scenario analysis showing that farmer work and land use type have an effect on non-point source pollution load.These research results will provide a scientific basis for controlling non-point source pollution in Tangpu reservoir.

[Objective] The spatial distribution of nutrients and bacterial communities in sediments of water resource reservoir were investigated in order to reveal the interrelation between microbes and migration and transformation of nutrient salts .[Methods] Sediment samples were collected in a Tangpu reservoir in low mountain and hilly area of Eastern Zhejiang Province ,the content of total organic carbon(TOC) ,total nitro‐gen(TN) ,ammonium‐nitrogen (N H+4 ‐N ) ,nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N ) ,total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorous and bacterial community structure were analyzed respectively .[Results] (1) The average TOC content was 14 .6 g/kg and the average TN content was 1 .6 g/kg in the reservoir sediments .The maximum content of TOC and TN was found in sampling sites H ,minimum value was found in sampling site F .The content of TP was in the range of 0 .5 ~ 1 .08 g/kg ,the mean value was 0 .8 g/kg .Available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen had a highest content in the river storage section ,and showed low levels in central loca‐tion of the reservoir and dam .(2) In the sediments ,microbial population were significantly different .A total of 10 kinds of known phylum were identified ,and 4 kinds of phylum(Verru comicrobia .Proteobacteria ,Ac‐idobacteria ,Chloroflexi ,and Verruc omicrobia) were shared among all samples .In all the samples ,Pro‐teobacteria predominated about 50% ~ 70 .8% of the total bacteria .[Conclusion] Pearson’s correlation anal‐ysis show a significant negative correlation among Gamma proteobacteria , Delta proteobacteria and TP . While there is a significant positive correlation between Firmicutes and TN (p < 0 .05) .

Sediment deposition not only occupies the storage capacity, but also releases pollutants into the water body. In this study, the sediment distribution in the Tangpu reservoir has been investigated based on MIKE 21 software. The research results show that the sediment distribution is uneven in the reservoir. At the zone of the reservoir entrance, sediment deposition is not severe, and sediment erosion even occurs at sone places. In the centre of the reservoir there is significant sediments deposition, and the maximum simulated thickness of sediment deposition is about 30 cm, and the minimum thickness is about 12 cm, which is close to that of the dam front. Sediment sampling results are consistent with the simulation results. It means that the model can be used to simulate the sediment distribution along the Tangpu reservoir reasonably. The simulation results have some reference values for the control of internal source pollution in the Tangpu reservoir.