Objective:To investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics which influence the negative conversion time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ribonucleic acid (RNA) of nasopharyngeal swab in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:Total of 121 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 were admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 11st 2020 to July 1st 2020. Clinical data of these patients were collected in this single-center retrospective case-control study. Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis was used to investigate the independent factors influencing negative conversion time of virus RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with COVID-19.Results:The period from illness onset to the first day of the two consecutive negative results of nucleic acid of 121 patients with COVID-19 were [27 (23, 34)] days. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that older than 45 years old (HR = 0.583, 95%CI: 0.388-0.877, P = 0.010) and body temperature > 39 ℃ (HR = 0.482, 95%CI: 0.254-0.914, P = 0.025) were all independent risk factors for negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, while CD8+ T cells > 300 cells/μl (HR = 1.708, 95%CI: 1.102-2.647, P = 0.017) was an independent protective factor affecting negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.Conclusions:Predictors such as age > 45 years old, hyperthermia and CD8+ T lymphocyte count ≤ 300 cells/μl might help clinicians early identify the patients who may present with a longer positive duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and adjust treatment strategies and isolation protocols.

Objective:To explore the occurrence and influencing factors of serum uric acid elevation in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treated with favipiravir.Methods:Medical records of patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in Beijing Ditan Hospital between June 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021 and treated with the 5- or 10-day regimen of favipiravir were collected and retrospectively analyzed. After favipiravir withdrawal, if the elevation in serum uric acid was ≥30% of baseline level, it was defined as serum uric acid elevation. Then patients were divided into serum uric acid elevation group and non-serum uric acid elevation group. The clinical characteristics such as gender, age, body mass index, comorbidities, smoking and drinking behavior, COVID-19 grade, favipiravir regimen, and serum uric acid level and renal function before treatment in patients between the 2 groups were compared. Influencing factors of favipiravir-associated serum uric acid elevation was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression method.Results:A total of 179 patients were included in the analysis, including 104 (58.1%) males and 75 (41.9%) females, aged from 19 to 70 years with a median age of 43 years. The level of serum uric acid in 179 patients after favipiravir treatment was significantly higher than before [(451±119) μmol/L vs. (332±94) μmol/L, P<0.001]. The change rate of serum uric acid from baseline level ranged from -57.1% to 157.8% with the median of 38.6%. The elevation in serum uric acid of ≥ 30% of baseline level occurred in 108 (60.3%) patients. The incidences of serum uric acid elevation in patients treated with 5-day and 10-day regimens of favipiravir were 46.8% (36/77) and 70.6% (72/102), respectively, and the difference between them was significant ( P=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index 24.0 to <28.0 kg/m 2 ( OR=3.109, 95 %CI: 1.209-7.994, P=0.019) and 10-day regimen of favipiravir ( OR=3.017, 95 %CI: 1.526-5.964, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for favipiravir-associated serum uric acid elevation. Conclusions:More than half of COVID-19 patients treated with favipiravir can develop serum uric acid elevation. Overweight and 10-day regimen of favipiravir are independent risk factors for serum uric acid elevation in patients.

目的 分析空腹血糖(FPG)与新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者进展为重型、危重型的相关性.方法 采用单中心、回顾分析2020年1月—2021年12月首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院感染中心收治的COVID-19确诊病例446例的临床资料,依据FPG分为A组158例(>6.1 mmol/L),B组281例(3.9～6.1 mmol/L),C组7例(<3.9 mmol/L),采用二元Logistic回归分析FPG与重型、危重型相关性.结果 A组的男性比例、年龄、糖尿病比例、发热比例、FPG、CRP、肺部磨玻璃影比例、双肺异常比例、临床分型比例(重型、危重型)高于B组,差异均有统计学意义[χ2(t)/P=4.808/0.028、6.623/0.001、31.553/0.001、6.592/0.010、14.820/0.001、6.801/0.001、10.901/0.001、5.213/0.022、2.056/0.043、4.213/0.001],而轻型比例低于B组(χ2/P=3.143/0.001).Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄大、发热、CRP高、FPG高是新冠肺炎重型、危重型的危险因素[OR(95％CI)=1.075(1.042～1.108)、1.239(1.087～1.661)、1.041(1.022～1.058)、1.188(1.022～1.380)].结论 FPG>6.1 mmol/L的COVID-19患者容易进展为重型、危重型,年龄、发热、CRP及FPG高是进展为重型、危重型的危险因素.

Objective:To analyze the adult cases of Japanese encephalitis admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital in 2018, so as to explored the clinical features and prognosis and improve the current understanding and treatment of Japanese encephalitis.Methods:The clinical data and the results of 3-year follow-up of adult Japanese encephalitis cases admitted to Ditan Hospital between August 2018 and September 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical symptoms, physical signs, results of laboratory testing and cerebrospinal fluid examination of the patients of different severity levels were compared. The follow-up patients were divided into good prognosis and poor prognosis groups based on the modified RANK score, and the influencing factors of prognosis were analyzed.Results:A total of 21 patients were enrolled in this study, including 12 patients in common group and 9 patients in sever group. The proportions of complication with underlying diseases, respiratory disorders, pulmonary infection, epilepsy, disturbance of consciousness, as well as the values of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein, and cerebrospinal fluid pressure in severe groups were all statistically higher than those in common group (all P<0.05). During hospitalization, severe patients showed more obvious changes in body temperature, white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage and GCS score. During the 3-year follow-up period, 4 patients were lost to follow-up, and 6 of 17 patients died, with a fatality rate of 35.3%. Nine patients had good prognosis and 8 patients had poor prognosis. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that GCS score >13 on admission was a protective factor for the prognosis of patients with Japanese encephalitis. Conclusions:Adult Japanese encephalitis patients with underlying diseases, or complicated with pulmonary infection and neurological symptoms, and with increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure indicated possible severe conditions. GCS score >13 on admission could be a protective factor for patients with Japanese encephalitis and can be used to evaluate the prognosis.

目的 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)合并糖尿病患者进展为危重型的危险因素.方法 选取2020—2021年在首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院感染性疾病诊疗中心住院的COVID-19合并糖尿病患者41例,根据是否进展为危重型将其分为普通型组(n=30)和危重型组(n=11).通过临床电子病历获取所有患者的临床资料,包括人口学特征、临床特征、入院后首次实验室检查结果、治疗方案、核酸转阴时间、住院时间及临床转归.COVID-19合并糖尿病患者进展为危重型的影响因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 危重型组首发症状为发热者占比、中性粒细胞分数、C反应蛋白(CRP)、空腹血糖、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)高于普通型组,淋巴细胞计数、淋巴细胞分数低于普通型组(P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,首发症状为发热〔OR=1.076,95％CI(1.003,1.151)〕、CRP〔OR=1.033,95％CI(1.005,1.063)〕、空腹血糖〔OR=1.859,95％CI(1.236,2.794)〕是COVID-19合并糖尿病患者进展为危重型的危险因素(P<0.05).危重型组吸氧、抗生素治疗、糖皮质激素治疗、机械通气治疗者占比高于普通型组,住院时间长于普通型组(P<0.05).两组患者均出院,无死亡病例.结论 首发症状为发热及CRP、空腹血糖升高是COVID-19合并糖尿病患者进展为危重型的危险因素,应引起临床重视.

目的 通过匹配对照队列临床研究分析法维拉韦(favipiravir,FPV)治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus di-sease 2019,COVID-19)的疗效.方法 根据年龄、性别、基础病以及入院时血常规、C反应蛋白(CRP)及血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)水平进行倾向性得分,并按照1∶1(治疗组∶常规治疗组)进行匹配.治疗组给药方案为口服FPV(第1天:给药2次,单次1600 mg;第2～10天:每日2次,单次600 mg),对照组为常规治疗.FPV治疗组的147例患者和对照组的147例患者在入组时,两组之间患者的所有基线特征均具有可比性.回顾性分析比较两组患者在住院时间、病毒清除、胸部CT等方面的变化.结果 治疗组住院时间中位数为29(24,39)d、对照组为32(22,44)d,无统计学差异(P=0.575).治疗组新冠病毒核酸转阴时间中位数为25(18,33)d、对照组为25(13,40)d,无统计学差异(P=0.982).治疗组中,9例患者发展为重型或危重型,而对照组中32例患者发展为重型或危重型,治疗组重症发生率明显低于对照组,有统计学差异(P=0.000).重型或危重型患者中,治疗组住院时间及病毒核酸转阴时间均优于对照组,但两组无统计学差异(P=0.116、0.133).重型或危重型患者中,治疗组胸部CT缓解时间为(9.38±4.94)d、对照组为(13.44±4.67)d,明显短于对照组,两组间有统计学差异(P=0.033).结论 FPV治疗减少了新型冠状病毒肺炎患者重症发生率,有利于重症患者肺部炎症的吸收,初步为新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的抗病毒治疗提供了有价值的信息.

目的 分析儿童甲型流感合并不同并发症的临床特征及其相关的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2018年12月至2019年2月首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院感染科急诊收治的1985例18岁以下甲型流感儿童的临床资料,分析儿童甲型流感合并不同并发症的年龄分布特点及临床特征,采用多因素logistic回归分析儿童甲型流感并发不同疾病的危险因素.结果 437例甲型流感患儿并发其他疾病,其中并发神经系统疾病的患儿居于首位(10.8％),其次为肺炎(8.0％)和细菌感染(7.2％).1～3岁甲型流感患儿发生流感相关并发症的比例最高,6月龄以下的流感儿童很少发生神经系统并发症,1～2岁患儿发生肺炎的比例最高.除并发细菌感染组外,其余各并发症组与单纯流感组年龄分布比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).并发症组患儿的中位年龄明显低于单纯流感组,男童、首次就诊时间＞48 h、首剂神经氨酸酶抑制剂(NAI)时间＞48 h、合并基础疾病占比均明显高于单纯流感组(P＜0.05).年龄、性别、合并基础疾病及首剂NAI时间＞48 h是儿童流感合并并发症的危险因素(OR＞1,P＜0.05).与5～17岁患儿比较,其余各小年龄组患儿发生流感相关并发症的风险明显升高,1～3岁甲型流感患儿发生并发症的风险是5～17岁患儿的3.330倍.1～5岁患儿并发神经系统疾病的风险更高,合并基础疾病患儿发生神经系统并发症的风险是无基础疾病患儿的4.691倍(P＜ 0.05).0～3岁、男性、合并基础疾病、首剂NAI时间＞48 h的患儿并发肺炎的风险更大(P＜0.05).而流感并发细菌感染多发生在5岁以下儿童,合并基础疾病及首剂NAI时间＞48 h是其独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 神经系统疾病、肺炎及细菌感染是儿童流感最为常见的并发症.男性、5岁以下儿童、合并基础疾病、发病超过48 h才进行抗病毒药物治疗是流感并发其他疾病的高危因素.

INTRODUCTION:Many individuals test positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA after recovering from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but the incidence of reactivation is unknown. We, therefore, estimated the incidence of reactivation among individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 and determined its predictors. METHODS:In this retrospective cohort study, patients with COVID-19 were followed up for at least 14 days after two consecutive negative SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test results obtained ≥24 h apart, and the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 reactivation was assessed. RESULTS:Of the 109 patients, 29 (27%) experienced reactivation, and seven (24%) of these were symptomatic. The mean period for the real-time PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 from negative to positive results was 17 days. Compared with patients without reactivation, those with reactivation were significantly younger and more likely to have a lymphocyte count of <1500/μL (odds ratio [OR]: 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12-0.94) and two or fewer symptoms (OR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.07-0.55) during the initial episode. CONCLUSION:Risk-stratified surveillance should be conducted among patients who have recovered from COVID-19.

Objective:To investigate the demographic characteristics, etiological characteristics and clinical prognosis of pregnant women with severe influenza, and to explore the influencing factors associated with clinical severity.Methods:The epidemiological and clinical information of pregnant women with influenza who were confirmed by laboratory tests in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2013 to May 2020 were analyzed, retrospectively. Descriptive statistics were performed on general condition, epidemiology, clinical manifestations and signs of the patients, and clinical outcomes were observed: critical illness, hospitalized duration and fetal prognosis. According to the progress after hospitalization, patients were divided into severe group (72 cases) and critical group (7 cases).Results:Total of 79 pregnant women were diagnosed with severe influenza. The age of 79 cases ranged from 20 to 40 years old, with a median age of 31 years old. None of the patients was vaccinated. Influenza virus infection occurred in all trimesters, but the majority of hospitalized patients were in the third trimester (64/79, 82.29%). Pregnancy stage (P = 0.023), auscultation with dry and wet pulmonary rale on admission (P = 0.019) of pregnant women in severe and critically ill groups were significantly different (Fisher’s exact test). Older age (Z =-3.096, P = 0.002) and critical illness (Z =-2.64, P = 0.008) were both influencing factors for the hospitalized duration of pregnant women with influenza. Total of 45 cases remained pregnant, 7 cases miscarried, 6 babies delivered preterm, and 21 babies delivered to term. Univariable Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of dry/wet rales of cases with critically illness increased compared with that of severe cases (OR = 7.69, 95%CI: 1.19-49.85, P = 0.019).Conclusions:Among the hospitalized maternal patients with influenza infection, the third trimester is the most common. For pregnant women with influenza, early hospitalization yields good results. The adverse effects of influenza for pregnant women during the first and second trimesters on fetuses and newborns are more obvious.

The effects of endotoxin on blood rheology were studied in rabbits. Non-treated six rabbits (Group A) were used to obtain control data. Thirteen rabbits who were administered 0.1 mg of endotoxin three times at intervals of 3 days were divided into two groups; seven rabbits (Group B) were injected with 1 ml saline solution as the vehicle for endotoxin at 7 days after the final administration of endotoxin, while the remaining six rabbits (Group C) were administered endotoxin at 0.2 mg/kg on the same day. Blood was sampled from the femoral artery 120 min after the final treatment. Blood viscosity was measured at a shear rate of 150 s-1 at 37 degrees C using a cone-plate viscometer. The passage time for a 5% red blood cell suspension and that for plasma were determined by filtration; the former represents erythrocyte deformability while the latter is related to plasma fluidity. The hematocrit, whole blood viscosity and erythrocyte deformability did not show significant differences among these three groups. The ratio of hematocrit to whole blood viscosity is considered to be an index of oxygen delivery from the hemorheologic point. This index did not show significant difference either. A good correlation was observed between whole blood viscosity and hematocrit in Group A, but not in the endotoxin-treated groups. The plasma fluidity was lower in Groups B and C than in Group A. These data indicate that plasma fluidity and the hematocrit-viscosity relationship are affected in endotoxin-treated rabbits, although blood viscosity, erythrocyte deformability and oxygen delivery hardly changed.

目的 探讨应用恢复期血浆以及不同剂量对快速进展新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)患者的治疗效果.方法 分析2020年1月20日～2021年1月31日北京地坛医院应用恢复期血浆治疗快速进展新冠肺炎患者28例,通过倾向性评分匹配得到非恢复期血浆治疗组53例作为对照.根据应用恢复期血浆的剂量将治疗组分为:小剂量组(<1200 mL)、中剂量组(≥1200 mL,<2000 mL)及大剂量组(≥2000 mL).观察组间病情恢复时间、临床改善时间、影像学炎症吸收时间及核酸转阴时间的差异.结果 与非恢复期血浆治疗组相比,恢复期血浆治疗组患者疾病的病情恢复时间(P=0.004)、临床改善时间(P=0.006)以及影像学炎症吸收时间(P<0.001)均显著缩短.持续大剂量应用恢复期血浆组较中剂量组(P=0.002;P=0.044)及小剂量组(P<0.001;P=0.002)更有利于新冠肺炎患者的病情恢复和临床改善.结论 持续大剂量恢复期血浆疗法能促进快速进展新冠肺炎患者的恢复并改善临床病情.

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19),主要表现为呼吸道感染,严重程度不一,可从轻度上呼吸道感染到重症肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征,甚至死亡.目前尚缺乏对COVID-19有特异性治疗作用的抗病毒药物,感染患者(尤其是重型及危重型患者)的临床治疗需求急迫.近年来,间充质干细胞(MSC)以其免疫调节和再生特性在临床试验中备受关注.本文就MSC对COVID-19的免疫调节作用及临床试验研究现状进行综述,从而对MSC的进一步研究提供指导.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of hospitalization for pregnant women with influenza A.Methods:From December 2018 to February 2019, 261 pregnant women with influenza A were admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University. The clinical data of age, gestational period, underlying diseases, time from onset to treatment, white blood cell count and lymphocyte count of these patients were collected. Data of out-patients were compared with those of inpatients. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of hospitalization in pregnant women with influenza A.Results:Among the 261 cases of pregnancy with influenza A, 36 cases (13.79%) were hospitalized, of which 10 (27.78%) were hospitalized due to severe influenza complications, the other 26 cases (72.22%) were hospitalized due to pregnancy related adverse events. The proportions of hospitalized patients with age ≥30 years old, gestational period ≥28 weeks, combined with underlying diseases and lymphocyte count <1×10 9/L were 75.00%(27/36), 83.33%(30/36), 16.67%(6/36) and 50.00%(18/36), respectively, which were significantly higher than those of out-patients (47.11%(106/225), 35.56%(80/225), 0.89%(2/225) and 13.22%(16/121), respectively; χ2=9.66, 29.05, 26.00 and 22.12, respectively, all P<0.05). The proportions of inpatients and out-patients with white blood cell count ≥4×10 9/L were 97.22%(35/36) and 97.52%(118/121), respectively, and there was no significant difference ( χ2=0.01, P=0.921). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥30 years (odds ratio ( OR)=5.181, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.628-16.489, P=0.005), gestational period ≥28 weeks ( OR=11.054, 95% CI 3.233-37.796, P<0.01), lymphocyte count <1×10 9/L ( OR=6.864, 95% CI 2.237-20.729, P=0.001), and time from onset to treatment <24 h ( OR=0.076, 95% CI 0.012-0.468, P=0.005) were the influencing factors for hospitalization of pregnant women with influenza A. Conclusion:Age ≥30 years old, gestational period ≥28 weeks, lymphocyte count <1×10 9/L and time from onset to treatment <24 h are the influencing factors for hospitalization of pregnant women with influenza A.

目的 使用倾向性评分匹配法(propensity score matching,PSM)获得研究队列,探讨静注新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)人免疫球蛋白(pH4) (human COVID-19 immunoglobulin (pH4) for intravenous injection,hCoVIgG)治疗普通型COVID-19的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾性调查2020年1月20日至2021年1月31日于北京地坛医院住院诊治的COVID-19患者525例,其中接受hCoVIgG (pH4)治疗的10例,未接受hCoVIgG (pH4)治疗的515例.根据年龄、性别、临床分型、是否合并基础病以及入院时C反应蛋白水平,对两组患者进行倾向性得分匹配.比较匹配后两组患者的人口学特征、临床表现、实验室检查等指标,并分析两组患者的核酸转阴时间、影像学炎症吸收时间、临床改善时间.同时应用人工智能辅助肺部CT分析肺部炎症情况.探究hCoVIgG (pH4)治疗普通型COVID-19患者的疗效.结果 匹配后得到9例hCoVIgG(pH4)治疗组及9例对照组.与对照组相比,hCoVIgG (pH4)治疗组患者核酸转阴时间(P=0.007)、影像学炎症吸收时间(P=0.001)均有显著缩短.C反应蛋白下降明显(P=0.03).结论 hCoVIgG (pH4)治疗可帮助机体清除病毒,促进肺部炎症吸收.

Special populations, such as infants, pregnant and lactating women, patients with liver and kidney dysfunction, and the elderly, have different degrees of immune dysfunction, whose probability of infection and the utilization rate of antibacterials are higher than those in other populations. The risk of adverse reactions is higher in these special populations because of their special pathophysiological state and characteristics of drug metabolism. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the safety of antibacterials in these populations. To master the pathophysiological characteristics of special populations and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the antibacterials and strengthen the audit and comment on the prescription of antibacterials in the special populations will help to improve the level of rational use of antibacterials, so as to reduce their damages to special populations.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with imported corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Beijing City.Methods:A case-control study was performed to retrospectively analyze 69 cases of imported COVID-19 from abroad and 147 cases of domestic confirmed COVID-19 from China as a control group from January 20 to March 20, 2020 admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University.The epidemiological and clinical characteristics were compared.Statistical analysis were performed by t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results:The main sources of the cases in the import group were from the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain and other European countries, with 44.9%(31/69) of the overseas students entering the country by air. The age of the imported group (27(21, 40) years) was lower than the domestic group (43 (32, 59)years), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( U=2 828.500, P<0.01). Compared with the domestic group, the proportion of cases with contact history of confirmed cases in the imported group was lower (30.4%(21/69) vs 68.0%(100/147)), the interval between onset and admission ≤seven days was higher (81.2%(56/69) vs 66.0%(97/147)), the proportion of cases with underlying diseases was lower (21.7%(15/69) vs 44.2%(65/147)). The differences between the two groups were all statistically significant ( χ2=26.935, 5.233 and 10.175, respectively, all P<0.05). The proportion of mild cases in the imported group was higher than that in the domestic group (42.0%(29/69) vs 10.9%(16/147)). Seventeen cases with olfactory abnormality and 12 cases with taste abnormality were found in the imported group, while no olfactory and taste abnormality was found in the domestic group. The proportions of fever, weakness, muscle soreness and dyspnea were all lower than those of the domestic group, the differences between the two groups were all statistically significant ( χ2=13.851, 8.118, 9.730 and 16.255, respectively, all P<0.01). The proportions of cases with decreased lymphocyte absolute numbers (37.7%(26/69) vs 67.3%(99/147)) and increased C reactive protein level (15.9%(11/69) vs 51.8%(72/139)) were both lower than the domestic group, and the differences between the two groups were both statistically significant ( χ2=18.015 and 24.722, respectively, both P<0.01). The proportions of cases with ground glass shadow and consolidation of chest computed tomography were lower than those of the domestic group and the differences between the two groups were all statistically significant ( χ2=11.961 and 5.099, respectively, all P<0.05). In terms of complications, the proportions of cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute myocardial injury were lower (2.9%(2/69) vs 10.9%(16/147) and 4.3%(3/69) vs 14.0%(16/114), respectively), and there were statistically significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=4.017 and 4.335, respectively, both P<0.05). There were no cases received mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the imported group, and the proportions of patients received oxygen therapy and antibiotic treatment were significantly lower than those in the domestic group (13.0%(9/69) vs 26.5%(39/147) and 13.0%(9/69) vs 39.5%(58/147), respectively) and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( χ2=4.942 and 15.797, respectively, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The majority of imported COVID-19 cases are mainly from European countries, mostly young and middle-aged, and mostly mild and ordinary types.The symptoms of olfactory and taste abnormality are found for the first time.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with imported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Beijing Methods: A case-control study was performed to retrospectively analyze 69 cases of imported COVID-19 from abroad and 147 cases of domestic confirmed COVID -19 from China as a control group from January 20 to March 20, 2020admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University The epidemiological and clinical characteristics were compared Statistical analyses were performed by t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test and Fisher exact test Results: The main sources of the cases in the import group were from the UK, Italy, Spain and other European countries, with 44 9%（31/69）of the overseas students entering the country by air The age of the imported group (27 (21,40)) was lower than the domestic group(43 (32,59)), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (U=2828 500, P＜0 01) Compared with the domestic group, the proportion of cases with contact history of confirmed cases in the imported group was lower (30 4% (21/69) vs68 0% (100/147)), the interval between onset and admission≤7 days was higher (81 2%(56/69) vs 66 0% (97/147)), the proportion of mild cases was higher ( 42 0% (29/69) vs 10 9% (16/147) ), the proportion of cases with underlying diseases was lower( 21 7% (15/69) vs 44 2% (65/147) ) The differences between the two groups were all statistically significant (X2=26 935, 5 233, 33 049 and 10 175, respectively, all P<0 05) Seventeen cases with olfactory abnormality and 12 cases with taste abnormality were found in the imported group, while no olfactory and taste abnormality was found in the domestic group The proportions of fever, weakness, muscleache and dyspnea were all lower than those of the domestic group, the differences between the two groups were all statistically significant (X2=13 851, 8 118,9 730 and 16 255, respectively, all P<0 05) The proportions of cases with decreased lymphocyte absolute numbers ( 37 7% (26/69) vs 67 3% (99/147)) and increased CRP level (15 9% (11/69) vs 51 8% (72/139)) were both lower than the domestic group, and the differences between the two groups were both statistically significant (X2=18 015 and 24 722, respectively, both P<0 01) The proportions of cases with bilateral lesions, ground glass shadow and consolidation of chest CT were lower than those of the domestic group and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (X2=37 098, 11 961 and 5 099, respectively, all P<0 05) In terms of complications, the proportions of cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute myocardial injury were lower (2 9% (2/69) vs 10 9% (16/147) and 4 3% (3/69) vs 14 0% (16/114), respectively), and there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (X2= 4 017 and 4 335, respectively, both P<0 05) In terms of treatment, there were no cases received mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenerator in the imported group, and the proportions of patients received oxygen therapy and antibiotic treatment were significantly lower than those in the domestic group (13 0% (9/69) vs 26 5% (39/147) and 13 0% (9/69) vs 39 5% (58/147), respectively) and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (X2=4 942 and 15 797, respectively, both P<0 05) Conclusions: The majority of imported COVID-19 cases are mainly from European and American countries, mostly young and middle-aged, and mostly mild and ordinary types The symptoms of olfactory and taste abnormality are found for the first time

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of T-lymphocyte subsets in patients infected with severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and to explore the risk factors of death in patients with severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS).Methods:The data of patients with SFTS from 2015 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical symptoms, physical signs and laboratory indicators of patients in the survival/death groups were compared. The risk factors of death were analyzed by single and multivariate logistic regression.Results:There were 81 patients with SFTS were involved, including 66 patients in survival group and 15 patients in death group. There was statistically significantly difference between genders in the two groups ( P=0.01). Compared with the survival group, the ALT, AST, LDH, CK, CKMB, HBDH, TT levels in the death group were significantly higher, while the T-lymphocyte, CD4 + T-lymphocyte and CD8 + T-lymphocyte counts were significantly lower. Logistic regression results showed that women, CD4 + T-lymphocyte count decreasing, AST increasing and consciousness state change were independent risk factors of death in SFTs patients. Conclusions:In female patients with SFTS, CD4 + T-lymphocyte decreased significantly in early stage with significant increasing of AST, and the change of consciousness state appeared, indicating the critical condition and risk of death. Female, CD4 + T-lymphocyte decreasing, AST increasing and consciousness state change are independent risk factors of death by SFTS.

To investigate the efficacy and safety of aerosol inhalation of recombinant human interferon α1b (IFNα1b) injection for noninfluenza viral pneumonia. One hundred sixty-four patients with noninfluenza viral pneumonia were divided into IFNα1b and control groups. The IFNα1b group received routine treatment + aerosol inhalation of recombinant human IFNα1b injection (50 μg × 2 injections, bid). The control group received routine treatment + IFN analog (two injections, bid). Overall response rate (ORR) of five kinds clinical symptoms. Further outcomes were daily average score and the response rate of each of the symptoms above. A total of 163 patients were included in the full analysis set (FAS) and 151 patients were included in the per-protocol set (PPS). After 7 days of treatment, ORR of clinical symptoms was higher in IFNα1b group than that in control group for both the FAS and PPS. Moreover, after 7 days of treatment, the daily score of three efficacy indexes including expectoration, respiratory rate, and pulmonary rales were improved. The ORRs for expectoration and pulmonary rales were higher in the IFNα1b group than in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences of the ORRs for coughing, chest pain and respiratory rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of adverse events was 6.5% (n = 5) in IFNα1b group and 3.5% (n = 3) in control group (P > 0.05). Aerosol inhalation of recombinant human IFNα1b is safe and it can improve the clinical symptoms of noninfluenza viral pneumonia.