Four hundred and thirty-six specimens of moths were collected from Longnan olive planting area between 2013 and 2014. Forty-two species belonging to 35 genera,13 families were identified including nine species of Geometridae,nine of Arctiidae,seven of Notodontidae,five of Noctuidae,three of Pyralidae,two of Cossidae,and one of Heliodinidae,Drepanidae,Amatidae,Saturniidae,Lasiocampidae,Sphingidae and Limacodidae respectively. Among them,nineteen were newrecords in Gansu province.

In recent years, diseases and insect pests have been found in part of the olive gardens at Wudu county, Wenxian county and Dangchang county. The occurrence of diseases and insect pests has seriously affected the development and industrialization process. The paper summarized several main diseases and insect pests and the corresponding prevention measures by investigation, observation and prevention experiment in order to prevent and eliminate early and timely.