为了筛选适合陕西省安康市和商洛市烟区生态环境的微生物肥料,研究不同种类和用量微生物菌肥对烤烟生长发育和烤后烟叶产量和质量的影响,以烟草主栽品种云烟99作为试验对象在安康市旬阳县和商洛市洛南县开展肥效对比试验.结果 表明,施用微生物肥料能够有效促进烟草的生长发育,株高、叶长、叶宽、茎围等均较对照显著增加;能够提高烤后烟叶的产量和产值,在旬阳县试验点施用微生物肥料的处理产量较对照提高0.43％～3.23％,产值提高0.84％～7.88％,在洛南县试验点产量和产值的分别提高-0.35％～8.36％、-0.27％～7.24％,仅有1个处理产量产值较对照略有降低;能够显著改善烤后烟叶物理性状和化学成分指标,施用微生物肥料的处理在两地均能降低烟碱含量并提高钾氯比,促进化学成分更加协调.其中,适合旬阳县试验点的微生物肥料是昆腾微生物菌剂(潍坊昆腾农业发展股份有限公司),而双藻生物有机肥2.0则在洛南县效果较好.

为探索移栽后早期去顶芽的效用,试验设置移栽后3、5、7、9、14天进行去顶芽处理,研究其对烟草生长发育和烤后烟叶产质量的影响.结果表明,移栽后去顶芽能够明显改善烟株农艺性状并提高烤后烟叶产质量.各处理烟株移栽后44天左右地上部和根鲜重与对照相比差异不大,平顶期后略高于对照,但叶长、叶宽和茎围较对照明显提高.烤后各部位烟叶烟碱含量均比对照降低,化学成分更加协调.移栽后7～9天去顶是最佳处理时间,烤后烟叶产量较对照平均增加127.42 kg/hm2、每公顷产值增加6575.36元.因此认为烟苗移栽后7～9天去顶是一种能够改善烟草农艺性状、提高烤后烟叶产质量的栽培措施.

为了筛选适宜陕西安康烟区生态环境的有机肥,以云烟97为试验材料,在安康旬阳开展优化平衡施肥配方实验,在烟草专用复合肥正常施用基础上,研究增施海大海藻有机肥、明月海藻有机肥、农特生物有机肥三种肥料,对烤烟生长发育和烤后烟叶产品质量的影响.结果 表明:施用有机肥料能够有效促进烟株的生长发育,株高、叶长、叶宽以及茎围等农艺性质较对照显著增加;能够提高烤后烟叶的产量产值,施用3种有机肥的高肥处理产量分别提高21.15、71.10和117.00kg·hm-2,产值分别增加1 891.95、1 917.00和2 991.60元·hm-2,产量提高范围1.05％～5.80％,产值提高范围1.95％ ～6.55％;改善烤后烟叶物理性状,明显增加烟叶钾含量并提高钾氯比,一定程度降低烟碱含量,有效改善烟叶化学成分协调性.总体而言,施用农特生物有机肥的烟株长势、烟叶外观质量、产值、上中等烟比例均最好,适宜在旬阳烟区配合施用.

As a new material to drought resisting material,super absorbent polymers (SAPs)was widely used in agriculture. The concept,principle,characteristics and classification of the SAPs were introduced.The effects of SAPs on the tobacco field soil,the growth and development of flue -cured tobacco were reviewed.A large number of studies indicated that:SAPs showed obvious effect to promote tobacco growth and development,improve its yield and quality.But the suitable type and the proper quantity of SAPs should be used for better effect,because too much of SAPs may inhibit tobacco growth.

Objective] To discuss the effects of different organic fertilizers on the growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Qinba To-bacco Growing Area.[ Method] With Yunyan 99 as the tested material, field experiment was carried out to research the effects of carbon based fertilizer soil remediation, humic acid organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer on the growth, agronomic characters and economic character.[Re-sult] Organic fertilizer had no significant effects on agronomic characters of Yunyan 99, but was conductive to the early and mid-term early fast growth and to turn yellow in mature period.Organic fertilizer was able to improve the disease resistance of Yunyan 99, but the resistance dropped with the increase in the proportion of organic fertilizer.Organic fertilizer could not improve the yield of tobacco leaves, but significantly increased the first and second class tobacco proportion of Yunyan 99.[Conclusion] Organic fertilizer improves the quality of tobacco leaves, enhances the disease resistance of tobacco plant, but can not enhance the yield of Yunyan 99.

To screen the bud suppression agent which has significantly inhibition effect on flue-cured tobacco axillary bud,this article makes the comparative test on the bud suppression effects of three agents including dibutaline,butralin and flumetralin.The result shows that three kinds of agents have a certain inhibition role on flue-cured tobacco axillary bud,and butralin has the best bud inhibition effect.

In order to improve the varieties of tobacco area layout,six new bobacco varieties(GTH-1,Yunyan100,LJ237,MS96-7,Nanjiang3 and 9407)were compared to test with three control varieties of Qinyan96,K326 and Yunyan87 in Luonan county.The results showed that the composite characters of Nanjiang3 were very good,its biological properties,disease resistance,yield per mu,mu value and the proportion of superior tobacco were significantly better than the control varieties.It can be used as reserve tobacco variety in Luonan smoking areas.