[目的]探明不同覆膜方式对露天储存初烤烟叶水分和质量的影响,为气候相似烟区露天烟垛储存降低损失提供参考.[方法]设置不覆膜(T1),直接覆膜(T2)和支撑覆膜(T3)3个处理,研究不同覆膜方式露天储存初烤烟叶水分和质量的变化.[结果]与不覆膜相比,直接覆膜的烟叶含水率较高,维持在10％以上,但外界气温低于-5℃时,薄膜内侧易出现结露现象;支撑覆膜的烟叶含水率提高3％～4％,温度提高1～2℃,且薄膜内侧无结露现象发生,有效促进烟叶淀粉和总植物碱降解,提高还原糖含量,储存80 d后的香气量(16.0分)、香气质(11.5分)得分均较高.[结论]支撑覆膜能有效保持露天储存烟垛烟叶的水分,降低损失,并改善烟叶的化学成分和感官质量.

为了筛选适合陕西省安康市和商洛市烟区生态环境的微生物肥料,研究不同种类和用量微生物菌肥对烤烟生长发育和烤后烟叶产量和质量的影响,以烟草主栽品种云烟99作为试验对象在安康市旬阳县和商洛市洛南县开展肥效对比试验.结果 表明,施用微生物肥料能够有效促进烟草的生长发育,株高、叶长、叶宽、茎围等均较对照显著增加;能够提高烤后烟叶的产量和产值,在旬阳县试验点施用微生物肥料的处理产量较对照提高0.43％～3.23％,产值提高0.84％～7.88％,在洛南县试验点产量和产值的分别提高-0.35％～8.36％、-0.27％～7.24％,仅有1个处理产量产值较对照略有降低;能够显著改善烤后烟叶物理性状和化学成分指标,施用微生物肥料的处理在两地均能降低烟碱含量并提高钾氯比,促进化学成分更加协调.其中,适合旬阳县试验点的微生物肥料是昆腾微生物菌剂(潍坊昆腾农业发展股份有限公司),而双藻生物有机肥2.0则在洛南县效果较好.

为了筛选适宜陕西安康烟区生态环境的有机肥,以云烟97为试验材料,在安康旬阳开展优化平衡施肥配方实验,在烟草专用复合肥正常施用基础上,研究增施海大海藻有机肥、明月海藻有机肥、农特生物有机肥三种肥料,对烤烟生长发育和烤后烟叶产品质量的影响.结果 表明:施用有机肥料能够有效促进烟株的生长发育,株高、叶长、叶宽以及茎围等农艺性质较对照显著增加;能够提高烤后烟叶的产量产值,施用3种有机肥的高肥处理产量分别提高21.15、71.10和117.00kg·hm-2,产值分别增加1 891.95、1 917.00和2 991.60元·hm-2,产量提高范围1.05％～5.80％,产值提高范围1.95％ ～6.55％;改善烤后烟叶物理性状,明显增加烟叶钾含量并提高钾氯比,一定程度降低烟碱含量,有效改善烟叶化学成分协调性.总体而言,施用农特生物有机肥的烟株长势、烟叶外观质量、产值、上中等烟比例均最好,适宜在旬阳烟区配合施用.

In order to find out the quality characteristics of flue-cured tobacco leaves for different types of aroma in Fujian,the appearance,physics and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves for different types of aroma from Fujian were compared.And their correlations with aroma types were analyzed by simple correlation and stepwise regression methods.The results showed that,along with the transition of aroma type of tobacco leaves from fen-flavor to medium aroma then to thick aroma,the thickness,the ratio of length to width,the weight of unit area,nicotine,total nitrogen and total chlorine of tobacco leaves had the trend of increase,however the width,total sugar,the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine,the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine,the ratio of potassium to chlorine and organic potassium of tobacco leaves had the trend of decrease.

K326(a tobacco variety) was tested under different planting density and nitrogen application level to study the effects on yield and quality of organic tobacco and probe the rational planting density and nitrogen application level for production of organic tobacco in Fenggang County,Guizhou.The results showed that: 1) Different planting density and nitrogen application level had no significant effect on different growth stage of K326.2) The maximum output value,highest yield and good interior chemical composition harmony could be obtained under the conditions of 82.5kg/hm2 nitrogen application level and 18000 plants/hm2.3) The optimum comprehensive performance of K326 was under the conditions of 82.5kg/hm2 nitrogen application level and 18000 plants/hm2,followed by the conditions of 67.5kg/hm2 nitrogen application level and 18000 plants/hm2.

The agronomic and economic characters,exterior quality and internal quality of K326,NC82 and Yunyan 87 were evaluated by the pairing method to provide the decision-making basis for selecting flue-cured tobacco varieties in Meitan base.The results showed that the comprehensive performance of agronomic characters of K326 was the best,and NC82 was the worst.The yield of three tested varieties was similar but Yunyan 87 had the highest output value(1 468.06 Yuan/667m2) in three tested varieties.The exterior quality of Yunyan 87 was the best and internal quality of NC 82 was most balanced.

The gray correlation degree was applied to reveal the relationship between agronomic characters and economic indexes of the 3 Major flue-cured tobacco varieties in Mudanjiang in 2007.The results indicated that the closest factors to yield were number of leaf,the maximum leaf length and the plant height,followed by the maximum leaf width and stalk circumference.The closest factors to quality were number of leaf,the maximum leaf width and the plant height,followed by the stalk circumference and maximum leaf length.The agronomic characters in order of grey correlation degree to the average price,ratio of grade upper-middle tobacco and top tobacco were followed as the maximum leaf length,the plant height,stalk circumference,number of leaf and maximum leaf width.It is suggested that plant height,number of leaf,the maximum leaf length are more important than other traits in high yield and good quality of flue-cured tobacco breeding.

通过在粉状硫酸钾中添加保水剂、有机质,经转盘造粒,研制出T1、T2两种新型钾肥,主要指标符合复混肥料GB15063-94标准.两年田间对比试验结果表明,两种新型钾肥和等量粉状硫酸钾比,对烟株农艺性状、烟叶产量、产值、等级结构无显著影响,而对烟叶主要化学成分和评吸质量则有明显的改善作用.添加保水剂使烟叶氮碱比、两糖差值更趋合理,烟叶香气得分明显增加;1998年烟叶含钾量较对照有显著提高.添加有机质则使烟叶含氮量降低、烟碱含量提高,烟叶杂气减轻.

Green manures D881and No.12were planted in April and buried in June.Results showed that potas-sium concentration of green manure was over6.3%,and potassium absorbed by green manure was358～510kg /hm 2 ,which could be assimilated by flue-cured tobacco.Compared with the control,potassium con cen-tration of tobacco leaves of D881treatment was increased over0.35%in two years experiments.Though some items have few difference with control,interior quality and combustibility of the green manure treat-ment were ap parently better than that of control.Concentration of available P and K were apparently im-proved in the following year.Green manure such as D881could be applied in tobacco cultivation in some areas,and more researches about management manner of green manure are necessary in future.