In this study, six experimental zones（Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, and Ⅵ） were set according to the diameter of bald patches from small to large in typical rodent-infested bald patches in Maqu County, Gansu Province, with no bald patch zone as the control（CK）. Plant community characteristics, soil seed bank, and soil physicochemical properties were investigated in different bald patches. The effects of environmental factors on plant characteristics were analyzed using the constraint ranking method method. The results showed that the plant coverage, height and biomass in different bald patches were lower than CK. Except for bald patch Ⅰ, the seeds of the bald patch soil were mainly distributed in the 0～2 cm soil layer（P＜0.01）, where the seed densities of zones Ⅱ and Ⅵ were higher. The maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, capillary porosity and total porosity of the soil in the bald patches were lower than those in CK（P＜0.05）. The partial redundancy analysis revealed that soil organic matter, soil temperature, and average infiltration rate significantly influenced plant commuhity characteristics（P＜0.01）. In conclusion, the average plant height decreased with increasing bald patch area. The bald patch soil lacked conditions for seed germination and growth but not seeds, in which soil organic matter, soil temperature, and average infiltration rate were the primary parameters.

为明晰高原鼢鼠干扰对大型土壤动物类群分布和功能群特征影响,选取祁连山东段高原鼢鼠典型分布高寒草甸,依据鼠丘密度将研究区划分4个干扰梯度,调查各干扰区植物、群落结构、土壤理化性质和大型土壤动物功能群组成.采用冗余分析方法探讨植物土壤因子对土壤动物功能群组成和分布的影响.结果表明:研究区植食性土壤动物为优势功能群,极重度干扰区植食性功能群丰富度和Shannon多样性指数显著高于中度和重度干扰区(P＜0.05);高原鼢鼠干扰对高寒草甸土壤动物群落稳定和相似性影响较小;冗余分析表明土壤温度、紧实度、全氮和全钾以及莎草科生物量和植物物种均匀度均显著影响高寒草甸土壤动物功能群的空间分布(P＜0.05),其中土壤温度对土壤动物功能群分布影响最为显著.

为研究高寒草甸大型土壤动物群落组成和分布对环境因子的响应,选取祁连山东段的甘肃省天祝县高原鼢鼠典型分布区域,以鼠丘密度代表干扰强度设置4个干扰区.调查各干扰区植被群落特征、土壤理化性质、大型土壤动物类群组成及其数量,采用约束性排序方法分析环境因子对大型土壤动物类群组成和分布的影响.结果表明:高原鼢鼠干扰下高寒草甸大型土壤动物优势类群为瓦娄蜗牛科、象甲科和短角亚目幼虫;极重度干扰区大型土壤动物类群的丰度、丰富度、Shannon指数显著高于重度干扰区(P＜0.05);多元回归分析表明大型土壤动物类群丰度、丰富度和Shannon指数与土壤温度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),丰富度与土壤含水量呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),丰度与土壤紧实度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),丰富度和Shannon指数与植物Shannon指数呈显著负相关(P＜0.05);冗余分析和偏冗余分析表明,土壤温度、紧实度和含水量是影响高寒草甸大型土壤动物类群组成和分布的主要环境因子.

研究高原鼢鼠(Myospalax bailiye)求偶期巢域变化对于了解其社群关系、种群动态、繁殖策略等有重要作用.利用无线电跟踪技术监测高原鼢鼠求偶期巢域变化,并分析求偶期高原鼢鼠巢域面积变化与体重的关系.结果 表明:1)高原鼢鼠雌雄个体在求偶后期的巢域面积均增加,并且雄性个体巢域面积显著大于雌性(P<0.05);2)求偶后期高原鼢鼠雌雄和雄雄巢域间均发生重叠;3)求偶期高原鼢鼠的巢域面积与体重呈正相关(P<0.05).

Plateau zokor (Myospalax fontanierii) is a native subterranean rodent in alpine rangeland on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) in China, and its foraging, digging, and mounds building cause the unique disturbance pattern to alpine rangeland ecosystem. Over the past decades, the zokors have been regarded as major pests who result in the degradation of the rangeland ecosystem in the QTP and have been simply eliminated by rodenticides or traps. Understanding the function of zokors and evaluating the zokors' impacts on alpine rangeland systems should be the solid scientific basis for zokor control. In this study, we considered the average nearest neighbor indices of zokor mounds to represent the disturbance intensity of zokor to alpine rangeland and surveyed the plant species richness, diversity indices, biomass, and soil physicochemical properties in intermound areas under different zokor disturbance intensities in alpine rangeland in Tianzhu Tibet Autonomous County, located in eastern QTP. Our results indicated that 1) the plant species diversity indices were positively correlated with zokor disturbance intensity and aboveground and belowground biomasses were not significantly different under the different disturbance intensities; 2) the importance value of the forb functional group increased as the disturbance intensities increased, and the sedge functional group showed the opposite trend. The proportions of aboveground and belowground biomasses of forbs increased as the disturbance level increased; 3) there were no changes in the dominant plant species among the different disturbance intensities, but new plant species (Polygonum viviparum and Equisetum arvense) occurred in the plots with high disturbance intensities; 4) a significant positive correlation was observed between soil moisture in the 0-20 cm layer and disturbance intensity, while soil temperature exhibited a significantly negative relationship with the disturbance intensity; however, no differences in soil chemical properties were observed; and 5) redundancy analysis identified that mound building changed soil physical properties, especially soil moisture, in intermound areas, which influenced the plant community structure. In conclusion, the plateau zokor in our study area increased plant species diversity and did not decrease plant biomass, which is beneficial for alpine rangeland systems. We suggest that rangeland managers should consider the multiple functions of zokors to an alpine rangeland ecosystem instead of simply eliminating them. (C) 2020 The Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)是高寒草地生态系统中的关键物种,对于维系草地生物多样性有着重要的作用.认识高原鼠兔的空间分布及其影响因子,对了解其栖息地的选择和在生态系统中的作用有重要意义.利用甘肃省玛曲县当前高原鼠兔90个分布点数据和27个环境因子数据以及BIOMOD2软件包中的10个物种分布模型,预测了当前和RCP(Representative Concentration Pathways)2.6、RCP4.5、RCP6.0和RCP8.5等4种排放情景下未来2050s和2070s时间段玛曲县高原鼠兔潜在分布范围.结果 发现,在10个模型中,随机森林(Random Forest,RF)表现最佳,表面分布区分室模型(Surface Range Envelop,SRE)最差;在气候因子中最湿季平均气温(Bio8因子)重要值最高,对高原鼠兔栖息地的选择影响最为显著.

对甘肃省玛曲县高寒草甸区轻度和中度鼠害地分别采取控鼠+封育1年+适度放牧1年,控鼠+封育补播一年生黑麦草+适度放牧1年的治理措施,调查了不同治理措施下鼠害地植物种类、高度、盖度、各功能群(禾本科、莎草科、杂类草)地上生物量以及有效鼠洞数目等指标.结果 表明:1)轻度鼠害地经过灭鼠封育后,植物群落Menhinick指数、Evenness e^H/S指数和Simpson 1-D指数分别增加154.9％、41.1％、52.8％,植物群落总地上生物量和有效洞口数均显著增加,干草产量可达3758.19 kg/hm2;适度放牧1年后植物群落总地上生物量和有效洞口数均显著降低(P<0.05);2)中度鼠害地采取封育1年后植物群落Menhinick指数、Evenness e^H/S指数和Simpson 1-D指数分别增加了71％、31％、18％(P<0.05),而Dominance D指数显著降低(P<0.05).植物群落总地上生物量显著增加,有效洞口显著降低(P<0.05).适度放牧1年后,植物种类增加了47.75％,Evenness e^H/S降低了24.2％,有效洞口数显著增加(P<0.05).

研究高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)繁殖季的活动模式,对于了解它们的生存策略及生态防治非常重要.于2019年选择高原鼢鼠繁殖期(3至5月)在甘肃省玛曲县采日玛乡,利用无线电跟踪技术监测高原鼢鼠繁殖季活动模式,并分析高原鼢鼠活动强度与0～10cm土层土壤温度和土壤相对湿度的关系.1)高原鼢鼠在繁殖期内表现出3个日活动高峰,第一个高峰时间是08:00时,第二个高峰时间是14:00时,第三个高峰时间是20:00时;2)日活动差异指数(θ)表明,高原鼢鼠在繁殖期内活动强度变化幅度较大,呈非均匀型分布;昼行性指数(λ)表明,高原鼢鼠在繁殖期白天更为活跃;日活动时间总量(AT)表明,高原鼢鼠繁殖期每天的总活动时长在8h左右;3)相关分析表明,高原鼢鼠繁殖期活动强度与0～ 10 cm土层的土壤温度呈正相关(P＜0.05),与0～10 cm土层的土壤相对湿度不相关(P＞0.05).繁殖期的高原鼢鼠活动强度受0～10cm土层土壤温度影响,不受土壤相对湿度影响.