Predicting target motion based on 3D CNN is currently a popular research direction. Using 3D CNN to predict cloud object motion in ground-based cloud maps for surface radiation prediction has become a feasible solution. Due to the insufficient ability to analyze the dynamic features of cloud image sequences in existing researches, the prediction accuracy significantly decreased under complicated climate conditions. This article proposed a method of using 3D CNN to simultaneously extract static features and dynamic features of cloud image sequences, establish the correlation between cloud image sequence features and the attenuation of surface solar radiation by clouds, and achieve high-precision surface solar prediction. The evaluation results of experiments shows that, in complicated climate conditions, the RMSE of 5 minutes ahead prediction was raised 8% by the proposed method compared with the existing works. The proposed method has high promotion value.

In order to promote the active participation of new market entities in the ancillary services market, a comprehensive evaluation method for the schedulable capacities of new market entities is proposed. First the schedulable capacities of electric vehicles and temperature control loads are estimated. And then, a comprehensive AHP-based evaluation model is established to evaluate the safety, economy and environmental benefits of power systems with the participation of new market entities. Case analysis shows that the power system's overload resistance and renewable energy consumption capacity have been improved substantially after the participation of new market entities.

The diversity of power supply structure increases the diversity of power generation resources, but it also brings the problem of how to correctly understand the value of power supply. In particular, to implement the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, not only the power generation cost but also its carbon reduction effect should be considered in the value of power generation resources. In view of the conversion of wind-coal value, this paper refers to the concept of the water-coal conversion coefficient, proposes the wind-coal value conversion coefficient, and establishes its analysis method, so as to realize the reasonable evaluation of the value of wind power and coal power in new power system dispatching. Based on the analysis of the technical characteristics of wind power generation, the prediction error of wind power was modeled using the scenario generation method, and carbon cost and green certificate revenue were introduced to construct a multi-scenario stochastic planning and scheduling model with the minimum total cost of electricity purchase. The model was solved based on the KKT condition, and the explicit expression of the wind-coal value conversion coefficient was derived by the Lagrange multiplier. Finally, a 4-unit system is taken as an example to verify that the proposed wind-coal value conversion coefficient can realize the equivalent value evaluation of wind coal, and the influence of the inequality constraint reaching the limit on the wind-coal value conversion coefficient is further discussed.

In order to solve the increasing environmental problems, a trading mechanism of distributed photovoltaic participating in frequency modulation auxiliary services is proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of distributed photovoltaic, the conditions of its participation in frequency modulation are determined. Secondly, the market mechanism of distributed PV participating in FM is put forward. Two trading targets of FM capacity and FM mileage are considered, and the price is adjusted. The reliability index of distributed PV is introduced, and the trading process and clearing model of FM market are given. A two-system compensation mechanism is adopted, including capacity compensation considering opportunity cost and mileage compensation considering frequency modulation performance index, and frequency modulation cost is shared by users. Finally, an example is given to verify the validity of the proposed transaction mechanism.

The participation of demand response in the regulation of the power system is an effective supplement to the regulation on the generation side. In order to fully tap the load-side demand response potential and maximize the benefits of the power system and the load, this paper designs a bi-level optimization model that considers the interaction between the independent system operator and the price-based demand response load. Taking the minimum operator's comprehensive cost and the maximum load response benefit as the objectives of the upper and lower levels of the model respectively, the constructed bi-level optimization problem is transformed into an easy-to-solve linear programming problem through the KKT condition and the big M method. The results of the calculation example show that the price-based demand response load can adjust its own electricity consumption according to the change of the real-time electricity price. After the system operator adjusts the electricity price for optimal scheduling, both the operator and the response load can realize cost savings.

为提升交直流混联电网运行效益,精细化考虑线损对发电机组调度计划的影响,提出了一种基于二次约束二次规划模型(QCQP)的含线损交直流混联电网经济调度模型.含线损的交直流混联电网经济调度模型在数学上属于非确定性难题,传统的数学规划方法难以对其准确高效求解.通过对线损项进行泰勒展开,并忽略其高次项,可将线损项转化为各变量二次幂组合的表示形式.在此基础上,利用系统潮流计算动态调整电压幅值,即可将交直流混联电网非确定性难题转化为QCQP问题,利用现有规划软件包直接求解.最后,基于改进的IEEE-30节点系统构造算例表明,所提出方法误差不超过仅6％,而其求解时间仅为传统规划方法的10％,能在保证精度的前提下提升求解效率.

当前,"碳达峰、碳中和"是我国重要的战略目标,建立以新能源为主体的新型电力系统是实现"双碳"战略的重要手段.为适应新型电力系统的发展需求,提出一种源网荷储多元协同调度体系,通过建立适应电源侧、电网侧、负荷侧各类资源参与的电力市场机制和多类资源协作互动调控平台,有效提升了源网荷储间的协调能力和清洁能源的消纳水平.最后,经山东电网多地市源网荷储协调互动试验及试点应用,验证了所提出多元协同调度体系的有效性.

Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) is one of the most important daily tasks that must be accomplished in electric power market. To solve the SCUC problem efficiently, this paper proposes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model and related constraints reduction methods. The proposed model includes both pre-and post-contingency security constraints, which are linearized by the DC power flow equation and the line outage distribution factor (LODF), respectively. The proposed constraints reduction methods reduce the security constraints of parallel branches by identifying the representative branches in each group of parallel branches, and eliminate the redundant post-contingency security constraints by analyzing the maximum possible values of post-contingency power flow. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model and methods are verified on 39 bus New England system and IEEE-118 test system.

针对特高压注入后直流闭锁故障时大功率失去的问题,提出一种备用辅助服务下弥补大功率缺额,进行机组组合优化调度的方法.通过仿真算例验证备用辅助服务参与下的机组组合成本有效降低.结果表明,方法对电力经济调度优化有重要意义,同时对于提高发电厂提供辅助服务的积极性,促进主能量和辅助服务的均衡协调供应也有着重要意义.

In order to solve the voltage violation problems caused by the high photovoltaic penetration or high load profile as well as to reduce the cost of energy storage as a means of voltage control by obtaining economic benefits under the time-of-use (TOU) tariff, an integrated control strategy for battery energy storage systems in distribution networks is presented in this paper.The proposed strategy involves two parts, i.e., the voltage control strategy and the arbitrage operation strategy.The voltage control aims at solving the voltage violation problems, and builds the evaluation matrix considering the lifetime, state of charge (SOC), voltage sensitivity and the operating costs.The battery unit with the maximum comprehensive evaluation index will be selected to improve the efficiency of voltage control.On the premise of voltage security, the arbitrage operation part utilizes the TOU tariff and minimizes the impact of battery status change on the node voltage.The battery unit with the minimal voltage sensitivity factor, the minimal operating cost and the best SOC will be selected to control with this strategy.The proposed method can achieve peak load shifting, improve the voltage security of the distribution network, and enhance the economic profits of the users.Meanwhile, it can also balance the utilization of the battery unit and extend the lifetime of the entire energy storage system.Case studies show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

为避免调度计划安排超出电网停电承栽力,平衡繁重的电网停电任务与电网运行安全裕度之间的关系,保证调度计划刚性执行,有必要在安排停电计划前进行电网停电承栽力分析.大数据理论和技术的发展为电网停电承载力分析提供了理论依据和技术条件.文章归纳了进行电网停电承载力分析所需的大数据来源,通过研究历史大数据对影响电网停电承载力的主要因素进行了分析,提出了基于神经网络的电网停电承载力分析模型和方法,通过绿色安全区、黄色预警区和红色危险区直观评价停电数量是否合理,并给出了该方法在山东电网的应用案例.案例表明,本文提出的模型和方法能够有效指导调度计划编制工作,显著提升工作效率并减轻对个人经验的依赖,对调度计划刚性执行和电网停电风险管控具有重要意义.

0 引言 阻塞管理是电力现货市场中必须考虑的关键问题.随着我国电力市场改革由中长期逐步向现货发展,市场交易必须更多地考虑电能的物理属性.断面阻塞就是其中关键的要素之一. 所谓阻塞管理,是指在电网调度运行中监测辨识越限断面,采取调整发电机出力、调整电网运行方式以及负荷控制等手段,消除越限断面的方式[1].

In this paper, a hierarchical optimal operation strategy for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed, which is suitable to be utilized in distribution networks (DNs) with high photovoltaic (PV) penetration to achieve PV power smoothing, voltage regulation and price arbitrage. Firstly, a fuzzy-logic based variable step-size control strategy for an ultracapacitor (UC) with the improvement of the lifetime of UC and tracking performance is adopted to smooth PV power fluctuations. The impact of PV forecasting errors is eliminated by adjusting the UC power in real time. Secondly, a coordinated control strategy, which includes centralized and local controls, is proposed for lithium-ion batteries. The centralized control is structured to determine the optimal battery unit for voltage regulation or price arbitrage according to lithium-ion battery performance indices. A modified lithium-ion battery aging model with better accuracy is proposed and the coupling relationship between the lifetime and the effective capacity is also considered. Additionally, the local control of the selected lithium-ion battery unit determines the charging/discharging power. A case study is used to validate the operation strategy and the results show that the lifetime equilibrium among different lithium-ion battery units can be achieved using the proposed strategy.

In view of the fact that different types of air conditioning loads have different scheduling potential, a multi-time scale optimal scheduling strategy for microgrid considering different air-conditioning load characteristics is proposed. Based on the different air-conditioning load characteristics, this strategy proposes a bi-level optimal scheduling model considering day-ahead scheduling and real-time scheduling. The day-ahead scheduling layer is used to minimize system operating costs considering load transfer characteristics of ice-storage air-conditioning and load reduction characteristics of decentralized air-conditioning. The real-time scheduling layer is used to minimize power fluctuation of tie line and battery considering chiller adjustment characteristics of ice-storage air-conditioning and load adjustment characteristics of decentralized air- conditioning. Finally, validity of the proposed model is verified with case study.

分布式电源已成为当前风电、光伏等新能源的主要并网形式。分布式电源接入电网,会直接影响区域负荷需求。由于分布式电源功率未实现在线监测,目前尚缺乏实际功率曲线数据支撑其负荷预测。这也导致含分布式电源的母线负荷预测精度大幅下降。针对这一问题,首先从空间维度出发分析了新能源相关性,提出了基于集中式新能源功率曲线预测分布式电源功率的预测方法。在此基础上对传统的母线负荷预测方法进行修正,提出了考虑新能源空间相关性的母线负荷预测方法。最后基于某地区电网实际数据构造算例,验证了方法的有效性。

Power generated by the natural gas (NG) is a promising option for solving the restrictions on the development of the power industry. Consequently, the high interdependence between NG network and electricity network should be considered in this integration. In this paper, a day-ahead scheduling framework of integrated electricity and NG system (IENG) is proposed at a distribution level based on the fast alternating direction multiplier method with restart algorithm considering demand side response and uncertainties. Within the proposed framework, the detailed model of the IENG system at a distribution level is established, where the NG flow equation is processed by incremental linearization method to improve the computational efficiency. The objective is to minimize the operation costs of the entire system. With consideration of the uncertainties of distributed generation and electricity load as well as the uncertainties from the NG load, a two-stage robust optimization model is introduced to obtain the worst case within the uncertainty set, which is solved by column and constraints generation algorithm. In addition, the demand-side response (DSR) model including the decentralized air conditioning (AC) load model and the centralized ice-storage AC load model is integrated into the scheduling framework. Finally, the proposed day-ahead scheduling framework is verified by numerical studies where the optimal scheduling schemes are obtained in different cases, both the effects of the uncertainties and the performance with introducing DSR to the system operation are analyzed.

Nowadays, more and more distributed photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) are integrated into distribution networks, which brings a series of challenges to secure, stable, and economic operation of distribution networks. As BESS plays an important role in distribution networks operation, optimizing the operation requires consideration of life-time characteristic and parameter optimization of BESS. This paper proposes a day-ahead two-level operating model for distribution networks with PV and BESS. Dynamic active-reactive optimal power flow (DAROPF) is adopted to cover multiple time periods. The influences of BESS parameters are analyzed considering the uncertainty of solar resource. The solution provides an optimal operating strategy which ensures the flexibility. A case study is used to illustrate the strategy and the results show that the operation can be improved and lifetime of BESS can be increased using the proposed strategy.

随着分布式发电和微电网技术的发展,未来配电网中将分布着多种规模不同的微电网系统,投资主体也将呈现多样化趋势,为配电网规划设计带来巨大挑战.文中探讨了配电网中的多级微电网结构,选取用户、以能源服务公司为代表的投资开发商和电力公司为参与者,分析了不同投资主体的利益关系,综合考虑分布式电源投资费用、购售电费用、补贴、环保收益、供电可靠性收益等因素,建立了基于不同投资主体的经济模型.结合博弈分析方法,提出了一种基于博弈论的配电网中多级微电网优化配置模型.从经济性角度,以光蓄微电网为例,探讨分析了竞争博弈模式下不同投资主体的优化配置方案,为未来配电网中微电网的设计和建设提供了参考.

随着电网结构的不断扩大,停电计划安排对电网安全稳定运行的影响愈发显著.避免不必要的重叠停电成为停电计划安排的重要原则.通过定义重叠度指标,建立了一套发输变电设备重叠停电判定流程.根据两项停电工作的发电重叠度、输电重叠度和新能源消纳重叠度量化两者的重叠程度,进而判定其是否构成重叠停电,能够给调度人员直观详尽的展示,指导电网调度部门年度、月度和日前停电计划安排工作.以山东某地区电网为例验证了该重叠停电判定策略的有效性与实用性.提出的判定流程已成为山东电网停电计划决策过程中的重要环节.