The analysis and calculation of dynamic energy flow for different energy forms are the basic work for the coordinated dispatching and operation of multi‐energy networks (MENs). A universal mathematical description of energy transfer is proposed based on the concept of intensity quantity and extensive quantity in thermodynamics. This paper derives the unified energy dynamic transfer equations of the electrical energy, incompressible viscous fluid, compressible gas, and heat transfer, that is, a generalised wave equation is established with the distributed parameters that characterise energy dissipation, storage and conductivity. Furthermore, the finite difference method is adopted to calculate the dynamic energy flow that varies with time and space. In the case analysis, the independent solution is firstly performed under four designed cases, and then the MEN composed of heat and gas is jointly solved. The calculation example verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

This article aims to establish a mechanism and strategy for the coordinated operation and benefit distribution of multiple virtual power plants (VPPs) in the face of an open electricity market. Firstly, a single VPP optimization scheduling model is established, followed by the introduction of the concept of a VPP operation platform. A master-slave game optimization model is established between the operation platform and multiple VPPs to achieve coordinated and optimized operation of multiple VPPs. Finally, based on cooperative game relationships, a multi factor modified benefit allocation strategy based on the Shapley value method is established, and the operating costs are reasonably allocated and demonstrated through simulation examples.

With growing penetration of renewable energy in power grids, the significance of accurate forecasting for renewable energy such as wind power is increasing. However, wind power exhibits stochastic temporal variations, which makes the forecasting task as a challenge. To alleviate this problem, this paper proposes an attention-based encoder decoder neural network. The overcome the long sequence dependencies vanishing problem in existing recurrent neural network, the attention mechanism is introduced to dynamically model the relations among features in global context. The variant of long-short term memory (LSTM) neural network, gated recurrent unit, is introduced to act as the encoder and decoder. To improve model’s robustness and stability in long sequence forecasting, teacher forcing mechanism is adopted in training process. Further, multiple features including time-period, temperature and wind speed are delicately processed. A real-world wind farm power generation dataset is used to verify the performance of proposed model. Compared with other benchmark models. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms other benchmarks and enables to accurately forecast wind power generation in different time scale.

中国电力现货市场经过多次结算试运行表明,其发现电力商品价格的功能已初步体现,但释放改革红利的功能受多种因素影响不易显现,计算也较为复杂,需要深入分析.为此,文中立足国内计划与市场电量双轨制实际,从市场运营的最终结算环节入手,系统梳理试点省份能量结算逻辑和公式,给出电费总不平衡量计算公式.然后,结合中国电力市场建设从中长期交易起步的背景,根据现货市场全电量集中优化特点,阐述电费总不平衡量转化为现货市场红利的机理,并提出基于现货结算机制的红利量化计算方法.最后,结合算例进行验算.

In order to fully tap the absorption potential of power grid regulation resources, including power sources, controllable load and energy storage, an optimal dispatch method based on source-network-load-storage interaction was proposed to realize the effective connection between power grid operation economy and new energy absorption. The operation characteristics of conventional power source, controllable load and energy storage is firstly studied including their operation cost and generation output regulation characteristics. Thus, the operation characteristic functions of the above regulating resources are constructed. Then, an optimal dispatch model considering source-network-load-storage interaction is proposed. The model aims to minimize the comprehensive power grid operation cost and the new energy power loss cost. And the power grid stable operation constraints and regulation resources operation constraints are also taken into consideration. Finally, a case study based on IEEE-30 buses system is constructed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

随着综合能源系统建设和电力市场改革推进,综合能源服务商有望成为新的市场交易成员.为解决申报阶段有限的决策参考信息制约申报策略制定的问题,文章提出了一种基于Q强化学习的综合能源服务商现货市场申报策略,以提升申报策略的理想度.该方法的主要特点在于充分利用庞大的历史运行信息,通过人工智能算法训练申报策略智能体,建立综合能源服务商所掌握的有限参考信息与最优申报策略之间的内在关系.智能体以市场公开信息、社会公共信息及服务商私有信息为环境变量,能够实现申报策略的自动生成和智能改进.最后,基于某省电网实际数据构造算例表明,该方法能较好地拟合合作博弈下的申报策略,具有收敛速度快、理想度高、计算效率高等特点,更符合综合能源服务商决策需求.

In order to avoid the problem of uncallable spinning reserve caused by operation section block due to the new energy forecasting error and improve the system operation safety, a spinning reserve partitioning method considering new energy forecasting error is proposed. The core idea of this method is to determine the spinning reserve partition by evaluating the difference of locational marginal prices under the basic scenario and the extreme scenario. The power system congestion would be analyzed to evaluate the system operation cost increase caused by the new energy forecasting error. In order to simplify the discussion, this paper would focus on the case which only contains one single operation section block existed in a single time period. Other complex scenarios could be generalized accordingly. Finally, a case study based on IEEE-30 buses system is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

In order to summarize the trial operation experience of the first batch of pilot areas for power spot market construction, and promote the construction of power spot market in China, the market mechanism of Shandong power spot market is introduced, and the existing problems and some feasible solutions are studied based on an analysis of its trial operation situation. The operation features of Shandong power grid, such as the high penetration of clean energy, have dictated that the centralized power spot market mode may be more suitable for Shandong. Shandong power spot market consists of two timing markets, i.e., a day-ahead market and a real-time market, and an intra-day unit commitment, which is used as a cohesive mechanism. During the trial operation period, the overall operation of Shandong power grid is stable, and the power spot market clearing price changes with the relations between power market supply and demand. However, there are still some problems that need to be solved, including the market monitoring ability, the peak shifting compensation mechanism, and the prevention and control measures of users' trading risks. The research results show that the Shandong power spot market has basically met the conditions for continuous operation, but the improvement of market mechanism still needs to be continuously strengthened.

市场模拟是电力市场机制设计中重要的环节,其作用在于评估交易机制对市场成员收益的影响,以判断其是否符合市场改革要求.针对电力现货市场中电能-调频辅助服务联合出清模式下市场模拟分析的实际需要,构建了基于双层博弈的市场模拟方法.上层为考虑网络约束的市场决策出清模型,下层为市场成员决策分析模型.通过实施上下层模型之间的迭代,模拟市场成员决策过程,以评估市场机制作用.最后基于该方法在我国某省区电网的实际应用情况,分析了该模拟方法的实际使用效益.

The energy Internet revolution has greatly improved users’ flexibility in using energy. The extensive use of electric heating equipment(EHE), combined cooling heating and power(CCHP) and many other equipment enables the flexible conversion of different types of energy at the user side, which has widened the regulation scope for virtual power plant(VPP) in participating in the demand response of large power grid. In this paper, a flexible operation technology framework of VPP considering the interaction between CCHP and EHE is proposed and the operation characteristics of CCHP and EHE are emphatically introduced. Then an optimal decision model for VPP considering the interaction between CCHP and EHE is proposed which could fully satisfy the user's comprehensive energy demand and aims at maximizing the operation efficiency of VPP. Finally, a case study based on the actual data of an industrial park in China is used to prove the validity of the proposed method.1

流域梯级水电站联合优化是提升水电站综合效益的重要方法.然而由于梯级水电复杂的运行特性,梯级水电联合运行成为电力系统调度优化中的一大难题.尤其是在中长期时间尺度下的梯级水电优化运行通常由于问题规模大、变量多等因素限制,求解效率低、求解时间长,不能满足实际工程需要.为此,以梯级水电效益最大化为目标,构建了中长期时间尺度下的梯级水电联合优化模型;通过分析该模型优化求解中存在的并行特征,利用MAT-LAB软件中内嵌的多核集群并行计算模块设计了中长期梯级水电联合优化的实施框架.最后基于某流域梯级水电实际数据构造算例,验证了所提出的求解算法在优化分析上的高效性.

Cascaded hydropower coordination and optimization is an important means for improving operational efficiency of hydropower, since China is rich in hydropower resources. The cascaded power plant shows a complicated non-linear constraint relationship in its characteristics of time lag, hydro-energy transfer and generating capacity. Cascaded hydropower coordination and optimization constitutes a complicated non-linear programming model in mathematics. For this reason, non-linear constraint terms in cascaded hydropower coordination and optimization were studied, and a joint optimization model was built on the basis of time sequence coordination. Furthermore, based on the non-linear characters of the model, the traditional genetic algorithm was remoulded and an improved quantum genetic algorithm was proposed for cascaded hydropower optimization. Finally, a case study on a cascaded hydropower data structure in a river basin in China verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.

In view of power grid constraint in Guizhou power grid,the traditional monthly concentrated matchmaking trading may affect safety of the power grid.Therefore,on the basis of theory and flow of traditional unconstrained concentrated matchmaking of the electricity market,this paper presents a kind of algorithm of monthly concentrated matchmaking trading considering power grid safety check which is to promote safety and economy of concentrated matchmaking trading by means of power plant group electric constraint. According to actual data of electricity trading of Guizhou power grid in 2016,it constructs corresponding examples and generates trading results with and without power plant electric quantity con-straints.By comparing and analyzing the results,it shows the proposed method is in favor of building a balanced and ordered electricity market mechanism.Finally it points out problems of non-linear programming and electric quantity conversion still need to be solved.

By introducing the concept of situation awareness technology,this paper proposed an ad-vanced operation control model and method for the large power system.Then the operation control system structure for large power system was set up based on the situation awareness technology and its functional module was also designed.Finally,the actual benefit was presented based on its application in Henan Power Grid.

分布式电源已成为当前风电、光伏等新能源的主要并网形式。分布式电源接入电网,会直接影响区域负荷需求。由于分布式电源功率未实现在线监测,目前尚缺乏实际功率曲线数据支撑其负荷预测。这也导致含分布式电源的母线负荷预测精度大幅下降。针对这一问题,首先从空间维度出发分析了新能源相关性,提出了基于集中式新能源功率曲线预测分布式电源功率的预测方法。在此基础上对传统的母线负荷预测方法进行修正,提出了考虑新能源空间相关性的母线负荷预测方法。最后基于某地区电网实际数据构造算例,验证了方法的有效性。

The electricity completion ratio of power plant is an important part of scheduling fairness.How to fully reflect the proportionality of electricity completion ratio of the power plant is the key issue of fairness evaluation.By introducing the relational concept of variation ratio in statistical economics,a fairness evaluation method based on variation ratio chart was proposed.This method took into consideration the requirements of deviation of electricity completion ratio and degree of dispersion in the evaluation of scheduling fairness,and put forward two evaluation indexes i.e.variation ratio and different ratio moment and a specific implementation steps for the evaluation is designed.Finally,based on an example constructed by the actual data of a certain province in our country,the effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated.

Different operating characteristics of different type of power supply may result in different peak regulation capability under various installation structure and power-on mode.The auxiliary service demand for paid peak regulation in power grid is the subject of trading in auxiliary peak regulation service market.Accurate calculation of peak regulation demand in different periods plays a very important role in efficient organization of peak regulation service market.First of all,this paper analyzed the difference of peak regulation capability for different types of power supply with a selective analysis on the requirements and limitations of the power source requiring start/stop and peak regulation due to flexible start/stop of hydroelectricity supply and gas supply.In consideration of the requirements of different operating characteristics of power supply,it was proposed a method that may calculate the demand of paid auxiliary service for peak regulation against the operating characteristics of different types of power supplies.Finally,based on the example constructed by IEEE-30 node system,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.

According to the problem about how to harmonize mid long term trade planning and daily scheduling during the rapid development of mid-long term market-oriented reform, a weekly unit commitment strategy which takes unit start/stop cost minimum as the goal is proposed to inherit the agreement requirement of mid-long term trading planned electricity and the priority of energy conservation and emission reduction and to give enough optimal space for daily generation scheduling. The decision model takes the fully optimized market efficiency and benefit of energy conservation and emission reduction as the precondition, considers the constraints of electricity completion progress and starting-up abundance, and optimizes the best unit commitment adjustment according to the latest power grid operation information and system balance bias. Finally, a provincial real data show the feasibility of this method. It makes for lowering unit re-assembling cost and inheriting maximum social and environmental benefit of mid-long term plan.

With the deepening of China's power market reform, the scope and scale of power market transaction has been growing rapidly.It is proved by foreign market experiences that ancillary services will be included in the scope of market-oriented transactions with the development of power market.Therefore, this paper firstly introduced the organization form of frequency modulation (FM) market in foreign power market and demonstrated the importance of the joint optimization model of electric power and FM.Secondly, it put forward the basic model for FM being involved in the market, and proposed the joint optimization model and algorithm of electric power and FM capacity in the real-time operation in the market-oriented condition.Finally, the system development and design requirements for FM participating in the market transaction was introduced.