目的 基于磁共振T2 mapping技术分析膝骨性关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)患者膝关节周围肌肉T2值改变,及其与KOA严重程度的相关性.材料与方法 本研究前瞻性招募38例KOA患者与16名健康志愿者进行膝关节MRI检查及周围肌肉T2 mapping序列扫描,比较两组间肌肉T2值的差异,同时分析各个肌肉T2值与KOA严重程度的相关性.基于KOA患者膝关节MRI图像,采用膝关节全器官磁共振评分(Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score,WORMS)评估KOA严重程度,WORMS得分越高,反映结构损伤的严重程度越高.分析各个肌肉T2值与膝关节WORMS相关性;同时关节软骨、骨髓下水肿评分与各肌肉T2值进行相关性分析.结果 KOA患者膝关节周围肌肉T2值均高于健康志愿者.KOA患者的缝匠肌、股内侧肌、腓肠肌内侧头T2值与WORMS总评分(r=0.678、0.674、0.466,P均＜0.05)、关节软骨评分(r=0.590、0.672、0.424,P均＜0.05)均呈正相关;缝匠肌、股内侧肌T2值与关节面下骨髓水肿呈正相关(r=0.527、0.538,P均＜0.05);半膜肌T2值与关节软骨评分呈正相关(r=0.347,P＜0.05).结论 磁共振T2 mapping技术可以敏感、定量评估KOA患者膝关节周围肌肉改变,随着KOA严重程度的增加,部分肌肉T2值升高.骨骼肌T2值可作为反映KOA患者骨骼肌内部结构、成分改变的敏感指标.

目的 分析骨小细胞恶性肿瘤(SCMT)的临床及影像表现,以提高临床诊断水平.方法 回顾性选取经病理证实的骨SCMT病人75例,其中恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(MNHL)25例[男20例、女5例,平均年龄(50.0±18.3)岁],骨的浆细胞瘤(PB)37例[男20例、女17例,平均年龄(59.1±12.4)岁]、尤文肉瘤(ES)13例[男11例、女2例,平均年龄(17.1±6.7)岁].分析3种肿瘤病人临床资料、病灶X线摄影或CT特征及MRI特征.采用单因素方差分析、卡方检验或Fisher确切概率检验比较3组病人的临床资料和影像特征分布.结果 3组间年龄、性别、骨质破坏类型、骨皮质破坏类型、膨胀性改变和残留骨嵴、病灶周围水肿、软组织肿块、骨膜反应差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).MNHL组及PB组病人的平均年龄均高于ES组,3组男性均多于女性.3组X线及CT特征中,PB组中骨质破坏、骨皮质破坏、膨胀性改变及病变内残留骨嵴征象的占比均高于其余2组;其中PB组病人均可见骨质破坏和骨皮质破坏(100％),且骨质破坏多呈溶骨性改变(90.6％),并以骨皮质缺损多见(84.4％).3组MRI特征中,ES组出现病灶周围水肿、软组织肿块和骨膜反应的占比均最高,其次为MNH组和PB组.ES组出现软组织肿块的占比高达100％,MNHL组和PB组中出现骨膜反应者仅占5.6％和4.8％.3组发生部位、T2WI信号特点间的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).结论 结合病人的年龄及影像学表现有助于鉴别骨SCMT.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of MRI T2 value changes of muscles around the knee joint in amateur marathon athletes based on T2 mapping. Methods: A total of 12 amateur marathon runners (5 males and 7 females) were recruited as the marathon group, aged from 21 to 37(27.5±5.4) years. MRI examination of bilateral knee joint was performed one week before the race, within 12 hours after the race and two months after the race, respectively. Fifteen healthy volunteers (5 males and 10 females) were recruited as the control group, aged from 24 to 27(24.9±1.0) years, and underwent MRI examination of both knee joints. The T2 mapping imaging sequence was used to measure the T2 values of the sartorius, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, medial head of gastrocnemius and lateral gastrocnemius head on the post-processing platform, and analyzed the marathon group before and after the race. The differences in the T2 value of each muscle of the marathon group before and after the race within 12 hours, before and 2 months after the race, and between the control group and the marathon group before the marathon were analyzed. Results: All subjects had not knee joint pain during the examination. Routine MRI examination showed that there was no obvious abnormality in the shape and signal of the muscles around the knee joint. The T2 value of the semimembranosus [(34.3±2.8) ms vs (35.5±2.5) ms, P=0.008], medial head of gastrocnemius [(34.1±3.4) ms vs (37.7±3.1) ms,P<0.001] and lateral head of gastrocnemius [(35.2±2.9) ms vs (37.2±3.9) ms,P=0.011] increased after the competition compared with that of pre-competition in the marathon group, while the T2 value of the remaining muscles showed no significant difference compared with that of pre-competition(P>0.05). At the follow-up of 2 months, the T2 value of semimembranosus remains higher than before the marathon [(34.3±2.8) ms vs (35.4±2.5) ms,P=0.043], and the T2 value of the medial head of the gastrocnemius and lateral head of gastrocnemius showed no statistically difference compared with pre-competition (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the T2 value of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius in the marathon group was decreased [(35.3±3.0) ms vs (38.5±4.1) ms,P=0.007]. There was no significant difference in the T2 value of the remaining muscles in the marathon group (P>0.05). Conclusions: After the marathon, the changes in the T2 value of the muscles around the knee joint is reversible. T2 mapping imaging sequence can indirectly reflect the changes of skeletal muscle microstructure to a certain extent.

目的:对比分析发生于不同部位的骨原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(PNLB)的影像表现.方法:搜集经手术病理及免疫组化证实的25例PNLB患者,按照病变发生部位分为四肢骨组(13例)和躯干骨组(12例).对两组的患者发病年龄、骨质破坏类型、软组织肿块大小及包绕骨病变形式、MRI信号特点进行分析.结果:四肢骨组的患者发病年龄(中位年龄44岁)较躯干骨组(中位年龄54岁)年轻.在四肢骨组中,以单发病变多见(77％),骨质破坏以溶骨性和混合性破坏为主(各占46％,6/13);在躯干骨组中,骨质破坏类型以溶骨性为主(50％),两组的骨质破坏类型差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组中以出现软组织肿块多见(72％),但四肢骨组中软组织肿块偏大,呈环绕型生长.MRI信号特点无特异性.结论:四肢骨组中,患者发病年龄相对年轻,骨质破坏以溶骨性和混合性破坏为主,单发病变多见,周围软组织肿块较躯干骨组大,且呈环周包绕性生长.躯干骨组中,患者发病年龄相对较大,骨质破坏类型以溶骨性为主,周围软组织肿块相对偏小,但也呈环绕型生长.

Objective Assessment of short?term and mid?term changes of knee cartilage in non?professional long?distance runners before and after marathon using T2 mapping imaging. Methods Twenty?four knee joints of 12 healthy volunteers (5 males and 7 females) who participated in the marathon were examined by 3.0 T MRI one week before the race, within 12 hours after the race and two months after the race, respectively. The age ranged from 21.0 to 37.0 years. Athletes run more than three times a week, and each time was about 30 minutes. From T2 mapping we can obtain T2 value of 6 cartilage subregions of knee joint. Paired t?test was used to compare the T2 values of cartilage before and after the marathon. The comparison between the superficial and deep T2 values of cartilage was performed by independent sample t test. Results T2 mapping imaging showed that the T2 value of the superficial articular cartilage was higher than that of deep articular cartilage in pre?competition, within 12 hours after competition and 2 months follow?up, respectively (t=11.095, 10.385 and 10.102, P<0.01). The T2 value of superficial articular cartilage decreased after the competition compared with that of pre?competition (t=2.18,P<0.05), while the T2 value of deep articular cartilage showed no significant difference compared with that of pre?competition (t=1.832, P> 0.05). Except for the MTP?DZ, the T2 value of the remaining cartilage subregions showed a trend of decrease within 12 hours after the competition. There were significant differences in the subregion of MFC?DZ (t=2.110,P<0.05). At the follow?up of 2 months, cartilage T2 values of the MTP?SZ,LTP?SZ,LTP?DZ,MFC?DZ, Patella?SZ, Patella?DZ, Trochlea?SZ, Trochlea?DZ subregions showed a trend of recovery, and there was no significant difference compared with pre?competition(t=0.857,0.573, 0.146, 0.510,-0.594,-1.135,-0.812,-0.679; P>0.05). The T2 values of the LFC?SZ and LFC?DZ were lower than those before the race, with statistical significance (t=2.378, 3.147,P<0.05). Conclusion T2 value could reflect the change process of articular cartilage tissue composition in marathon runners from T2 mapping imaging. Under stress, the changes of superficial T2 value are more significant. The T2 value of knee cartilage can gradually recover to the pre?run level 2 months after running.

Objective To assess the correlation between fractional anisotropy(FA) value and α-SMA of renal tissue in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods 33 CKD patients underwent MRI standard scanning and diffusion tensor imaging(DTI).FA values were measured on both medulla and cortex of bilateral kidneys on the FA map.24 patients were performed renal biopsy to detect the expression of α-SMA.The integrated optical density of positive-staining region was calculated for each view.The relationship between the FA values and the integrated optical densities of α-SMA was analyzed by using Bivariate correlation analysis.Results There was a significant negative correlation between the cortical FA values and the integrated optical densities of α-SMA (P=0.001).There was a significant negative correlation between the medullary FA values and the integrated optical densities of α-SMA (P=0.035).Conclusion FA value of DTI was correlated with α-SMA of renal tissue in patients with CKD.

骨肌病变中液-液平面的发生率为2.7%~11.2%[1-3]，最常发生于动脉瘤样骨囊肿和毛细血管扩张型骨肉瘤中，其次发生于骨转移瘤中[2]。目前仅少数文献对骨转移瘤中液-液平面进行个例报道[4-7]。笔者收集本院经手术病理证实的8例骨转移瘤中有液-液平面的病例，重点介绍其 MRI 表现及其与原发病灶病理类型的关系并进行相关文献复习。

在肌肉骨骼系统病变中,液-液平面常发生于动脉瘤样骨囊肿中,曾被认为是其特异性表现[1-2].后来发现液-液平面在多种疾病中均可出现.国外仅有少数文献分析良、恶性骨和(或)软组织病变中液-液平面的特征,但结论不一致[3-7].笔者主要分析良、恶性病变中液-液平面的特征,试图寻找鉴别良恶性肿瘤的征象。