为探究不同形态氮素配比对植烟土壤氮素分布、产质量的影响,以云烟87为参试品种,试验设T1(100％NO3--N)、T2(70％NO3--N:30％NH4+-N)、T3(50％NO3--N:50％NH4+-N)、T4(30％NO3--N:70％NH4+-N)、T5(100％NH4+-N)5个处理,对0～40 cm土层植烟土壤不同形态无机氮分布、烟株农艺性状及产质量进行比较.结果表明,各处理0～20 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量在栽后30 d时随硝态氮施用比例增加而逐渐降低,60、75 d时,单一施用铵态氮(T5)处理硝态氮含量显著大于其他处理.栽后30、45 d,20～40 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量随硝态氮施用比例的增加而增加.20～40 cm土层土壤铵态氮含量生育期内与硝铵态氮施入量无明显关系.0～40 cm土层土壤无机氮含量在生长前期受施氮影响较大,30 d后各土层无机氮含量无明显规律.不同硝铵态氮配比对烤烟产值的影响不大,各处理间差异不显著;烟碱含量、总氮含量和氯离子含量与硝铵态氮比值呈极显著负相关,总糖含量、还原糖含量和钾离子含量与硝铵态氮比值呈极显著正相关,不同形态氮配比对烤烟常规化学成分含量的影响较大.

In order to search the theoretical basis for the mixed fertilization of organic manure and mediumand micro-element in flue-cured tobacco.A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of organics and medium-and micro-element combined application on growth and development,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that organics and medium-and micro-element (B,Zn,Cu,Mg)combined application reduce 3 day in the growth period of duration compared with conventional fertilization (CK).Promoted the growth and development of tobacco plant,reduced the incidence of disease.The incidence rate of bacterial wilt and virus disease were decreased by 74.8％ and 80.2％.Output value,the proportion of secondary smoke were increased by 6.7％ and 2.7％.The yield and quality were significantly improved of flue-cured tobacco.Organics and medium-and micro-element combined applicationcan be widely applicable.

为了提高种烟效益,增加烟农收入,以云烟87为试验材料,在大方县科技示范园进行了传统烤烟种植密度与高密度烤烟种植的比较试验,分析了生育期、生长势、整齐度、株高、最大叶长宽等农艺性状和烟叶经济指标,结果表明:高密度栽培的有些指标低于常规密度,但其烟叶产值明显高于常规栽培密度;高密度栽培适合在大田管理技术好的种植户中推广,可以明显增加烟农收入.