随着中国矿业"走出去"日益开阔,涉及的国家和矿种越来越多,面临的风险越来越大.如何在当前严峻局势下打通中国紧缺矿产资源海外配置渠道,进一步提升"走出去"的深度及广度,成为中资企业需要重点考虑的问题.本文选取了中国企业"走出去"具有代表性的成功案例——紫金矿业集团收购塞尔维亚铜业公司进行研究.紫金矿业通过收购该公司进一步对其在Timok矿集区内的多个矿山扩大生产,此外还进一步发现并开发建设了Timok矿集区内的新矿山,其系列投资建设全面提升了铜、金资源控制力.紫金在塞尔维亚Timok矿集区内的成功矿业投资对国家和企业均具有重大实践和借鉴意义.通过资料收集、企业调研以及数据分析等方法,在对项目所在的塞尔维亚蒂莫克(Timok)矿集区的地质背景、矿产特征、矿山的开发环境、矿山的生产现状和产能分析的基础上,提出了矿集区下一步完善基础设施建设、加强整装勘查、树立矿业开发环保标杆以及谋划产业链,打造产业园的产业布局的建议,并总结其经验教训,以期为更多中资企业高质量"走出去"提供参考.

The top-geoherb “Rehe Scutellaria baicalensis” was naturally distributed on Yanshan Mountain in Chengde city, Hebei Province, China. Exploring the influences of parent materials on the quality of the top-geoherbs in terms of micronutrient elements is of great significance for the protection of origin and for optimizing replanting patterns of Scutellaria baicalensis. In this study, three habitats of Scutellaria baicalensis with contrasting geopedological conditions, i.e., naturally grown habitats (NGHs), artificial planting habitats (APHs), and biomimetic cultivation habitats (BCHs), are taken as objects to probe the influences of parent materials on the quality of Scutellaria baicalensis in terms of rare earth elements (REEs) by testing on REEs concentrations in the weathering profiles, rhizosphere soil and growing Scutellaria baicalensis, as well as their flavonoid compound contents. Hornblende-gneiss was the parent rock in NGHs, whose protolith was femic volcanic rock. Loess was the parent rock in APHs and BCHs. REEs were more abundant in hornblende-gneiss than loess, and therefore, soils developed in NGHs contained higher REE concentrations than those in APHs, which was lower than BCHs after REE-rich micro-fertilizers application. The coefficient of variation (CV) of REEs concentrations in the rhizosphere soils of hornblende-gneiss was higher than that in loess. It possibly was attributed to the complicated minerals compositions and various minerals’ grain sizes of hornblende-gneiss, resulting in the variety of weathering intensity involving eluviation, leaching, adsorption, etc., as well as weathering productions, dominated by clay minerals and Fe-(hydro)oxide, and ultimately the remarkable differences in the migrations, enrichments and fractionations within REEs. The biological absorption coefficients (BACs) of REEs for Scutellaria baicalensis decreased in the order of NGHs > APHs > BCHs. Roots of Scutellaria baicalensis contained similar ΣREE in NGHs (2.02 mg·kg−1) and BCHs (2.04 mg·kg−1), which were higher than that in APHs (1.78 mg·kg−1). Soils developed in hornblende-gneiss were characterized by lower clay fraction content and overall alkalinity with a pH value of 8.06. The absorption and utilization efficiency of REEs for Scutellaria baicalensis in NGHs was higher than in APHs and BCHs. Flavonoid compounds, effective constituents of Scutelleria baicalensis, showed more accumulations in NGHs than APHs and BCHs, implying their optimal quality of Scutellaria baicalensis in NGHs. Flavonoid compounds were remarkably correlated with REEs in the roots, suggesting the influence of REEs concentrations on the quality of Scutellaria baicalensis. It can be concluded that high REEs and micronutrient element concentrations of hornblende-gneiss favored the synthesis and accumulation of flavonoid compounds in Scutellaria baicalensis after the activation of endocytosis induced by REEs.

为满足生态文明建设需求,保障国家战略性矿产资源安全,需坚持并加大矿业"走出去"力度.通过搜集 2010-2021年我国采矿业对外直接投资并购数量、金额和对外直接投资流量、存量及投资者等变化情况,在查明我国采矿业对外直接投资现状及存在问题的基础上提出了政策建议.目前,我国采矿业投资"走出去"的国家遍及全球,但是受投资周期长、资金量大、社会环境复杂及管理文化差异等因素影响,境外矿业投资正处于诸多矛盾凸显和转型发展期,对外直接投资额度下降,投资主体由国有企业为主转型多元化.因此,构建与完善矿业"走出去"政策体系具有现实意义:发挥国家主导力,制定全球矿产资源战略,加强国际矿业合作,参与构建全球矿业管理新秩序;完善境外矿业投资的财税支持促进政策体系,惠及民营企业及中小企业;完善境外矿业投资保险体系,建立国家境外投资安全风险监测和预警机制;完善境外矿业投资服务体系,发挥矿业资本市场在全球资源配置中的作用;建立相关人才培养机制,降低企业管理风险.

Bedrock weathering performs a significant influence on the evolution of Earth's critical zone.Car-bonate rock(dolostone),metamorphic rock(gneiss),and sedimentary rock(sandstone)geological formations in Yanshan Mountain,Hebei Province,are taken as objects to probe the controlling of geological formations on weath-ering characteristics,migration,and enrichment of ele-ments as well as structure of Earth's critical zone under the identical climate conditions through geological field sur-vey,analysis on minerals component,element distribution in the weathering profile.The dolostone geological for-mation(DGF)is lithologically dominated by dolostone,characterized by the strongest and predominant chemical weathering.During bedrock weathering and pedogenesis,DGF is marked by significant depletion of CaO,MgO,S,Mn,Mo and enrichment of N,K,Fe2O3,and Zn with concentrations of P,Cu,and B keeping stable.Shortage of soil-forming materials and significant loss are driven by soil erosion,which results in thin regolith and soil.The soil thickness is less than 10 cm,and the regolith thickness is less than 30 cm.The vegetation community is predomi-nantly rock arbor or brush,which is calcivorous and tol-erant of barrenness.Plagiogneiss is a dominant rock type of gneiss geological formation(GGF),characterized by the weakest weathering and fast chemical and physical weathering rate.GGF is masked by significant depletion of P,K,CaO,MgO,Fe2O3,Mn,Cu and enrichment of N,S,Mo,and B,with contents of Zn keeping stable.Both soil and regolith developed in GGF are relatively thick for one of the reasons that biotite expands during weathering.The soil thickness is more than 50 cm,and the regolith thick-ness ranges from 100 to 200 cm.The vegetation commu-nity is predominantly high-quality economic forests and various arbors because of the enrichment of nutrients in GGF.Sandstone is primarily a rock type of sandstone geological formation(SGF),characterized by moderate weathering degree and slow chemical weathering rate.SGF is marked by significant depletion of P,K,CaO,MgO,Fe2O3,and enrichment of N,S,Mn,Cu,Zn,and Mo,with fluctuant changes of Zn and B.The thickness of soil developed in SGF varies between that of DGF and GGF.The soil thickness ranges from 30 to 50 cm,and the regolith thickness ranges from 50 to 100 cm.Chinese pines are widely spread on the shady slopes of SGF.Research provides theoretical support for screening dominant eco-logical resource areas,ecological industry development and ecological protection and restoration for Yanshan Mountain,Hebei Province.

中国地质调查局"地质云"的建设,开创了"互联网+地质调查"全新时代,消除了局属各单位中间的数据鸿沟,推进了基础地质数据与产品向社会集中服务.本文以首个"地质云"行业节点"地质云·北京有色"为例,介绍了其建设背景,搭建的技术流程,以及主要服务内容."地质云·北京有色"的搭建完成了"地质云"向行业的辐射,拓展了"地质云"的数据范围,为行业地质调查部门、高等学校和科研机构的数据共享机制起到引领示范作用.

在信息化时代的背景下,为挖掘有色地质数据价值,"地质云·北京有色"节点以北京矿产地质研究院有限责任公司为依托,根据地质云节点建设要求与实际需求,突破传统的地质资料管理模式,开展有色地质资料信息化建设,初步实现了有色地质资料信息化管理.本文系统介绍了有色地质资料的数字化加工流程与信息化系统建设情况并总结了相关实践经验,可供同行借鉴.

地质资料是地质工作的主要成果,是一种获取成本高、难度大、专业性强的信息资源,极具开发利用价值.在传统的重"保管和保密"的地质资料管理模式中,我国馆藏的海量地质资料只是一座"呆矿".随着信息化技术的广泛应用和人们对地质资料作为数据资产的认知度的不断提高,在国家政策引导和资金支持下,地质资料开发利用取得了显著成果,但仍跟不上经济社会发展的步伐.本文通过梳理我国地质资料馆藏情况,从地质资料定密情况、数字化程度、服务网络和信息化系统建设及典型案例等方面阐述我国地质资料开发利用现状,就存在的问题进行探讨,并提出细化定密规则、知识碎片化处理、以需求为导向开发信息产品等建议,为提高我国地质资料的开发利用程度提供参考.

在当前逆全球化及贸易保护主义抬头趋势下,对中老铁路经济廊带各优势自然资源进行综合区划研究对我国具有重大战略意义.以区域成矿理论、规律及矿点分布、卫星影像、地形地貌、土壤理化性质、气候资料、路网车站等数据为基础,采用叠置分析、网络分析等空间分析方法对廊带内的矿产、林木和土地资源进行评价并考虑时间、距离成本效应进行综合区划研究.结果显示:中老边境丰沙里、南塔省是林木资源优先开发区,乌多姆赛东部为后备开发区;沙耶武里的狭长河谷地带是潜在基础设施建设重点区;乌多姆塞南部及万象北部为矿产资源优先开发区.以中老铁路为依托的综合区划研究可为我国自然资源的贸易进口运输及境外战略布局提供支撑.

贵州省矿产资源丰富,但其矿山地质环境问题也日益突出.根据贵州省矿山地质灾害与地质环境调查资料,利用GIS技术,选取层次分析法(AHP)作为权值的确定方法,采用“模糊层次综合评价”方法开展矿山地质环境评价.评价结果与贵州省矿山环境现状吻合,可作为贵州省矿山地质环境综合治理的重要依据.

文章以中国自然资源部、USGS和ICGS发布的年度数据为主要数据源,分析了2012-2017年国内外铜矿资源的分布、保障程度、供需的变化情况,并对发展趋势进行了预测.同时,针对我国铜矿资源保障程度低的问题提出了建议.

面对绿色矿业发展的新要求,传统单一专业或碎片化部署的地质调查工作已不能适应绿色矿业发展和生态文明建设的要求,急需改变资源调查方式,开展多专业的综合地质调查与评价.本文以新疆东天山中段有色金属基地为研究对象,从地质资源条件、技术经济条件、地质环境条件三个方面优选评价指标,采用层次分析法构建综合评价指标体系,结合模糊综合评价法对基地矿产资源进行技术经济综合评价,结果表明该方法具有可行性和应用价值.

文章介绍了用SQLite语句与DGSS数字地质调查信息综合平台扩展功能端口对接,实现扩展功能的设计,利用SQLite软件建设并管理DGSS扩展功能模块数据库的方法和原理.描述了水文、工程、环境专业在野外采集的数据在数据库文件中的存在形式,DGSS扩展功能按钮在数据库中是如何设计的.

以高分辨率遥感技术为主要手段,结合地面调查,开展典型冰湖溃决泥石流灾害调查.文章通过对日喀则地区20个冰湖的调查资料,分析其成因机理,建立冰湖溃决泥石流危险性评价模型进行评价,评价结果与实地调查基本一致.