Mineral resource bases have dual properties, e.g., mineral resources and environmental pollution. The latter could be classified into natural and anthropogenic pollution based on identifying the spatial distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in the soil. The Hongqi vanadium titano-magnetite mineral resources base in Luanping County, Luanhe watershed, was taken as the research object. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (PN), and potential ecological risk (Ei) were utilized to assess the soil heavy metal pollution characteristics, and redundancy analysis (RDA) and positive determinate matrix factorization (PMF) were employed to identify sources of the soil heavy metals. The results revealed that the mean contents of Cr, Cu, and Ni in the parent material of medium-basic hornblende metamorphic rock and medium-basic gneisses metamorphic rock were 1-2 times that in other parent materials in the concentrated area of mineral resources. However, the mean contents of Pb and As were lower. Fluvial alluvial-proluvial parent materials had the highest mean content of Hg, and the mean content of Cd was higher in the parent materials of medium-basic gneisses metamorphic rocks, acid rhyolite volcanic rocks, and fluvial alluvial-proluvial facies. The Igeodecreased in the following order:Cd>Cu>Pb>Ni>Zn>Cr>Hg>As. PN ranged from 0.61 to 18.99, and the sample proportion of moderate and severe pollution reached 10.00% and 8.08% respectively. Pishowed that the contents of Cu, Cd, Cr, and Ni were relatively higher in the parent material of intermediate-basic hornblende metamorphic rocks and intermediate-basic gneiss metamorphic rocks. Ei decreased in the order of Hg(58.06)>Cd(39.72)>As(10.98)>Cu(6.56) >Pb(5.60)>Ni(5.43)>Cr(2.01)>Zn(1.10). Samples whose RI was lower than 150 accounted for 84.27%, showing that the research area was predominantly at a slight potential ecological risk level. The sources of soil heavy metals were dominated by parent material weathering, followed by the mixed sources of agricultural activities and transportation, the exploitation of mining, and fossil burning, which accounted for 41.44%, 31.83%, 22.01%, and 4.73%, respectively. The risks of heavy metal pollution in the mineral resource base were characterized as multi-source instead of the single source from the mining industry. These research results provide the scientific basis for regional green mining development and eco-environmental protection.

The effects of parent materials on soil organic carbon（SOC） should not be ignored.This paper took Juhe watershed in Sanhe County, Hebei Province as the research object to discuss the difference of soil organic carbon density（SOCD） in different soils and influencing mechanism by their parent materials.According to the sedimentary environment of Holocene, the parent materials in the area were divided into alluvial-proluvial facies sediments（APFS）,alluvial facies sediments（AFS） and lacustrine facies sediments（LFS）.It was shown that there were significant variations of SOCD between soils developed in various parent materials via one-way analysis of variance, following the order AFS ＜ APFS ＜LFS.Furthermore, the texture, nutrient elements concentrations, as well as physicochemical properties of soil, were comparatively analyzed, indicating that the influences of parent material on SOC were reflected on the influences of physicochemical property of soil on vegetation growth and development, the activity of soil flora, fauna and microorganism, and on the sequestration of organic carbon.From AFS,to APFS and to LFS,soil clay fraction gradually increased, which protect SOC from being decomposed by microorganisms since SOC were subjected to be coordinated with clay minerals into organo-mineral complex.On the other hand, LFS and APFS were characterized by more abundant water and nutrients than AFS,which contributed to vegetation growth and then input of SOC.In addition, microbial activity was strengthened, whose metabolites and residues after death are crucial source of SOC,increasing the storage of SOC.Our results could provide technological supports for the conservation and utilization of SOC in the Juhe watershed.

随着中国矿业"走出去"日益开阔,涉及的国家和矿种越来越多,面临的风险越来越大.如何在当前严峻局势下打通中国紧缺矿产资源海外配置渠道,进一步提升"走出去"的深度及广度,成为中资企业需要重点考虑的问题.本文选取了中国企业"走出去"具有代表性的成功案例——紫金矿业集团收购塞尔维亚铜业公司进行研究.紫金矿业通过收购该公司进一步对其在Timok矿集区内的多个矿山扩大生产,此外还进一步发现并开发建设了Timok矿集区内的新矿山,其系列投资建设全面提升了铜、金资源控制力.紫金在塞尔维亚Timok矿集区内的成功矿业投资对国家和企业均具有重大实践和借鉴意义.通过资料收集、企业调研以及数据分析等方法,在对项目所在的塞尔维亚蒂莫克(Timok)矿集区的地质背景、矿产特征、矿山的开发环境、矿山的生产现状和产能分析的基础上,提出了矿集区下一步完善基础设施建设、加强整装勘查、树立矿业开发环保标杆以及谋划产业链,打造产业园的产业布局的建议,并总结其经验教训,以期为更多中资企业高质量"走出去"提供参考.

The top-geoherb “Rehe Scutellaria baicalensis” was naturally distributed on Yanshan Mountain in Chengde city, Hebei Province, China. Exploring the influences of parent materials on the quality of the top-geoherbs in terms of micronutrient elements is of great significance for the protection of origin and for optimizing replanting patterns of Scutellaria baicalensis. In this study, three habitats of Scutellaria baicalensis with contrasting geopedological conditions, i.e., naturally grown habitats (NGHs), artificial planting habitats (APHs), and biomimetic cultivation habitats (BCHs), are taken as objects to probe the influences of parent materials on the quality of Scutellaria baicalensis in terms of rare earth elements (REEs) by testing on REEs concentrations in the weathering profiles, rhizosphere soil and growing Scutellaria baicalensis, as well as their flavonoid compound contents. Hornblende-gneiss was the parent rock in NGHs, whose protolith was femic volcanic rock. Loess was the parent rock in APHs and BCHs. REEs were more abundant in hornblende-gneiss than loess, and therefore, soils developed in NGHs contained higher REE concentrations than those in APHs, which was lower than BCHs after REE-rich micro-fertilizers application. The coefficient of variation (CV) of REEs concentrations in the rhizosphere soils of hornblende-gneiss was higher than that in loess. It possibly was attributed to the complicated minerals compositions and various minerals’ grain sizes of hornblende-gneiss, resulting in the variety of weathering intensity involving eluviation, leaching, adsorption, etc., as well as weathering productions, dominated by clay minerals and Fe-(hydro)oxide, and ultimately the remarkable differences in the migrations, enrichments and fractionations within REEs. The biological absorption coefficients (BACs) of REEs for Scutellaria baicalensis decreased in the order of NGHs > APHs > BCHs. Roots of Scutellaria baicalensis contained similar ΣREE in NGHs (2.02 mg·kg−1) and BCHs (2.04 mg·kg−1), which were higher than that in APHs (1.78 mg·kg−1). Soils developed in hornblende-gneiss were characterized by lower clay fraction content and overall alkalinity with a pH value of 8.06. The absorption and utilization efficiency of REEs for Scutellaria baicalensis in NGHs was higher than in APHs and BCHs. Flavonoid compounds, effective constituents of Scutelleria baicalensis, showed more accumulations in NGHs than APHs and BCHs, implying their optimal quality of Scutellaria baicalensis in NGHs. Flavonoid compounds were remarkably correlated with REEs in the roots, suggesting the influence of REEs concentrations on the quality of Scutellaria baicalensis. It can be concluded that high REEs and micronutrient element concentrations of hornblende-gneiss favored the synthesis and accumulation of flavonoid compounds in Scutellaria baicalensis after the activation of endocytosis induced by REEs.

In order to evaluate the impact of geological exploration on ecological environment scientifically and promote the harmony between geological exploration and ecological environment, the evaluation method system based on information value method is established in this paper.Firstly, evaluation units are segmented according to the grid of 2 km×2 km in Qinghai Province, if the affected area of high-intensity geological exploration activity in each evaluation unit is 7 850 m~2.Secondly, information values of influences performed by four single factors, including vegetation cover type, vegetation coverage, noise and surface water resources and environment, are calculated respectively, and the comprehensive information values are calculated by GIS superposition.Thirdly, the natural breaks classification method is used to classify the comprehensive information values into five categories:-1.55-1.72,1.72-3.48,3.48-4.70,4.70-6.04,6.04-9.14,and the corresponding ecological environment impact grade is slight, light, average, moderate, and serious, respectively.The evaluation results present that the area at the stage of slight to relatively light is 670 086.5 km~2,accounting for 94.6% of Qinghai Province, which shows that the influence of geological exploration activities on ecological environment is limited and controllable.In the process of geological exploration, it is necessary to strengthen the environmental background investigation, implement green exploration according to various deposit types and exploration stages, pay attention to the natural restoration ability and reduce excessive artificial management so that improve the comprehensive benefits of green exploration.The evaluation results provide references for the deployment of geological exploration work in Qinghai Province.

为满足生态文明建设需求,保障国家战略性矿产资源安全,需坚持并加大矿业"走出去"力度.通过搜集 2010-2021年我国采矿业对外直接投资并购数量、金额和对外直接投资流量、存量及投资者等变化情况,在查明我国采矿业对外直接投资现状及存在问题的基础上提出了政策建议.目前,我国采矿业投资"走出去"的国家遍及全球,但是受投资周期长、资金量大、社会环境复杂及管理文化差异等因素影响,境外矿业投资正处于诸多矛盾凸显和转型发展期,对外直接投资额度下降,投资主体由国有企业为主转型多元化.因此,构建与完善矿业"走出去"政策体系具有现实意义:发挥国家主导力,制定全球矿产资源战略,加强国际矿业合作,参与构建全球矿业管理新秩序;完善境外矿业投资的财税支持促进政策体系,惠及民营企业及中小企业;完善境外矿业投资保险体系,建立国家境外投资安全风险监测和预警机制;完善境外矿业投资服务体系,发挥矿业资本市场在全球资源配置中的作用;建立相关人才培养机制,降低企业管理风险.

土壤碳库是陆地生态系统中最大的碳库,以往研究主要针对现代土壤碳库,而古土壤的碳库特征研究相对薄弱.本文以河北坝上高原小滦河流域古土壤为研究对象,通过光释光(OSL)年代学、元素地球化学、团聚体分析方法,研究了风成沙地稀疏草地单元和河湖残积灌草混合单元内古土壤碳库特征.结果表明:古土壤形成时代为5.7～3.3ka的全新世温暖期,气候温暖湿润,雨水充足,发育以松和蒿属为主要建群种的针叶林-草原植被.碳库以有机碳(SOC)为主,平均有机碳密度为3.85 kg/m2,有机碳库储量为153.1×107 kg.河湖相沉积物微团聚体的含量较高,对古土壤层碳库的物理保护作用较强,碳库稳定性较高;风积相沉积物微团聚体含量相对较低,加速有机碳的分解,碳库稳定性较差.提出不同沉积单元的土地利用保护方式,减少土壤有机碳的分解流失,支撑当地碳达峰、碳中和工作推进.

随着我国经济社会的快速发展,对矿产品产生巨大需求,而国内矿产资源遭受过度开发,基础储量下降明显,因此矿产资源自主可持续供应能力大幅下滑,对外依存度不断攀升.国内生态文明建设不仅对矿产资源安全保障提出了更高要求,而且对矿产资源开发方式和矿业企业提出了新的挑战.实施中国矿业"走出去"战略,积极在"一带一路"沿线国家开展国际矿业投资合作,已成为保障国家战略性矿产资源安全的必然要求,构建自主可控的全球矿产资源供应链,进一步鼓励企业走出去在配置境外矿产资源势在必行.

Bedrock weathering performs a significant influence on the evolution of Earth's critical zone.Car-bonate rock(dolostone),metamorphic rock(gneiss),and sedimentary rock(sandstone)geological formations in Yanshan Mountain,Hebei Province,are taken as objects to probe the controlling of geological formations on weath-ering characteristics,migration,and enrichment of ele-ments as well as structure of Earth's critical zone under the identical climate conditions through geological field sur-vey,analysis on minerals component,element distribution in the weathering profile.The dolostone geological for-mation(DGF)is lithologically dominated by dolostone,characterized by the strongest and predominant chemical weathering.During bedrock weathering and pedogenesis,DGF is marked by significant depletion of CaO,MgO,S,Mn,Mo and enrichment of N,K,Fe2O3,and Zn with concentrations of P,Cu,and B keeping stable.Shortage of soil-forming materials and significant loss are driven by soil erosion,which results in thin regolith and soil.The soil thickness is less than 10 cm,and the regolith thickness is less than 30 cm.The vegetation community is predomi-nantly rock arbor or brush,which is calcivorous and tol-erant of barrenness.Plagiogneiss is a dominant rock type of gneiss geological formation(GGF),characterized by the weakest weathering and fast chemical and physical weathering rate.GGF is masked by significant depletion of P,K,CaO,MgO,Fe2O3,Mn,Cu and enrichment of N,S,Mo,and B,with contents of Zn keeping stable.Both soil and regolith developed in GGF are relatively thick for one of the reasons that biotite expands during weathering.The soil thickness is more than 50 cm,and the regolith thick-ness ranges from 100 to 200 cm.The vegetation commu-nity is predominantly high-quality economic forests and various arbors because of the enrichment of nutrients in GGF.Sandstone is primarily a rock type of sandstone geological formation(SGF),characterized by moderate weathering degree and slow chemical weathering rate.SGF is marked by significant depletion of P,K,CaO,MgO,Fe2O3,and enrichment of N,S,Mn,Cu,Zn,and Mo,with fluctuant changes of Zn and B.The thickness of soil developed in SGF varies between that of DGF and GGF.The soil thickness ranges from 30 to 50 cm,and the regolith thickness ranges from 50 to 100 cm.Chinese pines are widely spread on the shady slopes of SGF.Research provides theoretical support for screening dominant eco-logical resource areas,ecological industry development and ecological protection and restoration for Yanshan Mountain,Hebei Province.

中国地质调查局"地质云"的建设,开创了"互联网+地质调查"全新时代,消除了局属各单位中间的数据鸿沟,推进了基础地质数据与产品向社会集中服务.本文以首个"地质云"行业节点"地质云·北京有色"为例,介绍了其建设背景,搭建的技术流程,以及主要服务内容."地质云·北京有色"的搭建完成了"地质云"向行业的辐射,拓展了"地质云"的数据范围,为行业地质调查部门、高等学校和科研机构的数据共享机制起到引领示范作用.

在信息化时代的背景下,为挖掘有色地质数据价值,"地质云·北京有色"节点以北京矿产地质研究院有限责任公司为依托,根据地质云节点建设要求与实际需求,突破传统的地质资料管理模式,开展有色地质资料信息化建设,初步实现了有色地质资料信息化管理.本文系统介绍了有色地质资料的数字化加工流程与信息化系统建设情况并总结了相关实践经验,可供同行借鉴.

地质资料是地质工作的主要成果,是一种获取成本高、难度大、专业性强的信息资源,极具开发利用价值.在传统的重"保管和保密"的地质资料管理模式中,我国馆藏的海量地质资料只是一座"呆矿".随着信息化技术的广泛应用和人们对地质资料作为数据资产的认知度的不断提高,在国家政策引导和资金支持下,地质资料开发利用取得了显著成果,但仍跟不上经济社会发展的步伐.本文通过梳理我国地质资料馆藏情况,从地质资料定密情况、数字化程度、服务网络和信息化系统建设及典型案例等方面阐述我国地质资料开发利用现状,就存在的问题进行探讨,并提出细化定密规则、知识碎片化处理、以需求为导向开发信息产品等建议,为提高我国地质资料的开发利用程度提供参考.

Regional ecological quality is largely affected by human activities, which restricts the sustainable development of regional economy. Taking the China-Laos railway economic belt as an example, we investigated the effects of human activities on ecological quality. The remote sensing images of 1999, 2009 and 2019 were selected to calculate remote sensing ecological index (RSEI). Spatial autocorrelation statistics and local G statistics were used to explore the spatial-temporal variations of ecological quality in the study area. Combined with the population density in the same period, a geographically weighted regression model was constructed to quantitatively analyze the ecological effects of different human activity intensities in the study area. The results showed that the ecological quality in the study area presented a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing later from 1999 to 2019, and that the mean value of RSEI varied from 0.645 (1999) to 0.738 (2009) and then decreasing to 0.721 in 2019. Specially, the ecological quality fluctuated more apparently in the midlands. The results of fitting population density and ecological quality based on geographical weighted regression model (GWR) were significantly better than that of least square method. R2 of different periods based on GWR was higher than 0.7 and the fitting effect was stable. The fitting degree of GWR in 2019 was the best (R2 was 0.785), and R2 in 1999 and 2009 were 0.726 and 0.754, respectively. The ecological quality along the China-Laos railway south area (such as Vientiane) was more sensitive to human activities, with most of these places belonged to moderately sensitive regions. For the highly, moderately and lowly ecological sensitive regions, every 10, 100, 1000-fold increases in population density would lead to a decrease of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 to the mean value of RSEI in turn. The development of economic belt would increase population density. During the planning and layout of economic belt, human activities should be controlled to avoid the deterioration of ecological quality in the potential and current sensitive regions.

在当前逆全球化及贸易保护主义抬头趋势下,对中老铁路经济廊带各优势自然资源进行综合区划研究对我国具有重大战略意义.以区域成矿理论、规律及矿点分布、卫星影像、地形地貌、土壤理化性质、气候资料、路网车站等数据为基础,采用叠置分析、网络分析等空间分析方法对廊带内的矿产、林木和土地资源进行评价并考虑时间、距离成本效应进行综合区划研究.结果显示:中老边境丰沙里、南塔省是林木资源优先开发区,乌多姆赛东部为后备开发区;沙耶武里的狭长河谷地带是潜在基础设施建设重点区;乌多姆塞南部及万象北部为矿产资源优先开发区.以中老铁路为依托的综合区划研究可为我国自然资源的贸易进口运输及境外战略布局提供支撑.

为探讨承德柴白河流域植物群落组成的主要影响因素,支撑流域生态环境保护,本文采用植被样方和地质建造调查以及元素地球化学测试方法,从空间特征、养分和水分供给能力方面,分析了花岗岩、流纹岩、白云岩、砂砾岩4类地质建造对植被群落组成的影响:在相近的气候条件下,花岗岩土壤层厚大,基岩非贯通性裂缝发育,磷等养分含量高和水分保蓄性最优,利于深根乔木生长.流纹岩土壤层厚度较小,基岩贯通性裂缝发育,磷等养分含量高和水分保蓄性一般,以深根灌丛生长为主.白云岩土壤层薄,紧闭型贯通裂隙发育,钙等养分含量高和水分保蓄性差,适宜浅根性灌丛和少量喜钙浅根乔木.砂砾岩土壤层最薄,养分含量低,裂隙不发育,保蓄水性差,适合耐旱灌丛生长.

文章以中国自然资源部、USGS和ICGS发布的年度数据为主要数据源,分析了2012-2017年国内外铜矿资源的分布、保障程度、供需的变化情况,并对发展趋势进行了预测.同时,针对我国铜矿资源保障程度低的问题提出了建议.

面对绿色矿业发展的新要求,传统单一专业或碎片化部署的地质调查工作已不能适应绿色矿业发展和生态文明建设的要求,急需改变资源调查方式,开展多专业的综合地质调查与评价.本文以新疆东天山中段有色金属基地为研究对象,从地质资源条件、技术经济条件、地质环境条件三个方面优选评价指标,采用层次分析法构建综合评价指标体系,结合模糊综合评价法对基地矿产资源进行技术经济综合评价,结果表明该方法具有可行性和应用价值.

中元古界东川群因民组二段是稀矿山型铁铜矿床的主要赋存层位.为了分析稀矿山型铁铜矿床与因民组三段的铁铜矿体形成的物理化学条件,采集了云南东川因民矿区150勘探线上ZK150钻孔中的样品,研究认为从下到上具有明显的岩相学分带:火山喷发相(火山热水蚀变角砾岩)→次火山岩相(蚀变钛铁质辉绿玢岩)→火山热水浊流沉积相.在对绿泥石地质产状和镜下显微构造特征研究基础上,利用电子探针微区技术分析测试绿泥石的成分特征.将绿泥石主要类型分为密绿泥石和蠕绿泥石两类,指示绿泥石化形成于还原环境中.利用绿泥石温度计,估算绿泥石形成温度的结果显示,古地温场从下到上具有不断升温的结构,推测绿泥石化蚀变作用是在主火山喷发期(次火山岩相辉绿玢岩岩床+火山喷发相火山角砾岩)形成以后,在火山热水浊积岩相形成期,古地温场达到了最高温度,并形成了热水下渗对流循环,总体上属于中低温场范围.地球化学岩相学类型属中温-还原地球化学相,对形成铁铜和铜矿床属有利的地球化学岩相学类型.

扬子地台西缘大梁子铅锌矿床是川滇黔铅锌矿集区具代表性的大型矿床之一,矿体主要赋存于震旦系灯影组白云岩中,矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿和方铅矿,脉石矿物主要为白云石、石英和方解石.大梁子铅锌矿床可划分闪锌矿-黄铁矿-炭质、闪锌矿-方铅矿和方铅矿-黄铜矿-碳酸盐三个成矿阶段.H-O同位素及流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体为中-低温(均一温度在117.5～320.3℃)及中-低盐度(盐度范围为5.11％～18.96％NaCleqv)的盆地卤水,有机质参与成矿.灯影组白云岩与海相沉积碳酸盐岩具有相似的C、O同位素组成,而热液方解石C、O同位素组成均稍低于灯影组白云岩,可能是海相碳酸盐岩溶解与有机质共同作用的结果.矿区硫化物δ34S值为9.8‰～20.8‰,结合成矿温度,S主要形成于灯影组海相硫酸盐的热化学还原作用.矿石硫化物的Pb同位素比值在Pb演化图解上主要落在上地壳与造山带之间,表明Pb具有壳源特征,成矿物质可能主要来源于围岩,部分来自于基底地层.热液方解石及闪锌矿的(87Sr/86Sr)i比值均高于围岩,表明成矿流体可能流经了具有高(87Sr/86Sr)i比值的基底地层,并与其发生水岩反应及同位素交换.综上,大梁子铅锌矿床成矿流体具有盆地卤水特征,盆地卤水在运移过程中萃取了基底及围岩中的Pb、Zn等成矿物质,成矿流体运移至矿区"黑破带"时,在有机质作用下发生TSR作用,形成还原S,导致Pb、Zn等金属沉淀成矿.

1 Introduction After the Dongchuan Orogenic movement（Hudsonian Orogeny,ca.1800 Ma±）,the tectonic basement layer of the continental crust on the Yangtze massif could have been formed.And then tectonic-magmatic emplacement