Objective:To analyze the expression and significance of orphan nuclear receptor HNF4α in renal clear cell carcinoma.Methods:The expression pattern of HNF4α in renal clear cell carcinoma and its related overall survival was analyzed by UALCAN. The expression of HNF4α mRNA in tumor, normal and metastatic tissues of renal clear cell carcinoma was analyzed by TNMplot. The prognostic significance of HNF4α in renal clear cell carcinoma was evaluated in Kaplan-Meier plotter online database. STRING analysis was used to analyze the HNF4α related protein-protein interaction networks.Results:HNF4α was significantly down regulated in renal clear cell carcinoma as compared to its normal control (P=0.002). The expression level of HNF4α was lower in metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma than that in primary tumor tissues (P<0.001). The expression level of HNF4α in stage 4 was significantly lower than that in stage 1 (P=0.007), and in grade 4 was significantly lower than that in grade 3 (P<0.001). The expression level of HNF4α was positively correlated with tumor prognosis (P=0.017). The overall survival rate of HNF4α-low expressed group was significantly lower than that of high expression group (P<0.001). There were 27 genes positively correlated with the expression of HNF4α with Pearson correlation coefficient greater than 0.5, including ERBB3, CUBN, HNF1A and CES2. There were interactions between HNF4α and HNF1A, EP300, LEF1, SMAD3, SMAD4, NCOA1, HIF1A, FOXO1 and PPARGC1A. The interaction network node is 11, and the PPI enrichment P value is 3.44e-08. Conclusions:HNF4α is significantly down regulated in renal clear cell carcinoma and negatively correlated with tumor prognosis. HNF4α and its related interaction factors may play important roles in the renal clear cell carcinoma. However, the role and mechanism of HNF4α in renal clear cell carcinoma need to be further studied.

目的 探讨草酸钙结石晶体对人近曲肾小管上皮细胞 HK-2的影响.方法 建立草酸钙结石与 HK-2细胞相互作用的模型,进行转录组和蛋白组表达谱高通量定量研究.筛选差异表达基因,通过InterProScan进行GO富集分析,KEGG Mapper进行KEEG信号通路分析及蛋白质相互作用网络STRING分析.结果 转录组与蛋白组定量研究分别定量到57833个转录本和6407个蛋白.通过比较转录组与蛋白组的定量情况,发现有6144个基因在转录组和蛋白组水平都定量.蛋白水平464个分子显著下调,699个分子显著上调.转录组水平11个分子下调,14个分子上调.GO分析发现,线粒体衍生囊泡与腺嘌呤跨膜转运体活性、snRNA的细胞核输出以及中心粒周围异染色质组装具有最高的富集指数.KEEG富集分析显示缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解、初级胆汁酸生物合成、维生素B6代谢、硫中继系统以及糖胺聚糖生物合成和DNA 非同源末端链接为最显著的KEEG通路.蛋白互作网络发现MYH9、MYH14、MYH1、MYL12A、ACTB、ARPC1A、ARPC2、ANXA2、CFL1、PRDX1、PRXD2共11个关键调控因子.结论 转录组与蛋白组关联分析筛选所得关键通路及关键基因可能在肾结石形成过程中扮演重要角色.

Objective:To investigate the profiling of NURR1-overexpressed LNCaP cells by gene chip analysis.Methods:NURR1 was ectopic expressed in LNCaP cells by lentivirus infection, validated by immunocytochemical staining. The profiling of mRNA and lncRNA was compared by gene chips between NURR1-overexpressed LNCaP cells and vector-transfected control. KEEG and GO analysis were performed to study the potential functional role and signaling pathways involved.Results:A total of 515 genes were differentially expressed in NURR1-overexpressed LNCaP cells as compared to its vector-transfected control, including 238 mRNA upregulated, 195 mRNA down regulated, 54 lncRNA upregulated and 28 lncRNA downregulated. The differentially expressed mRNA and lncRNA were mainly involved in molecular functions, among which the retinal binding function, iron ion binding capacity, nerve axon regulation and redox process, and the cytological composition of the extracellular region exhibited the most significance. The interaction between cytokines and cytokine receptors, as well as stem cell pluripotency related signaling pathways were changed significantly.Conclusion:The mRNA and lncRNA profiling has been significantly changed by the ectopic expression of NURR1, which might play critical role in the development progression of prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND:Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), the major crystalline composition of most kidney stones, induces inflammatory infiltration and injures in renal tubular cells. However, the mechanism of COM-induced toxic effects in renal tubular cells remain ambiguous. The present study aimed to investigate the potential changes in proteomic landscape of proximal renal tubular cells in response to the stimulation of COM crystals.METHODS:Clinical kidney stone samples were collected and characterized by a stone component analyzer. Three COM-enriched samples were applied to treat human proximal tubular epithelial cells HK-2. The proteomic landscape of COM-crystal treated HK-2 cells was screened by TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics analysis. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by pair-wise analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of DEPs were performed. Protein interaction networks were identified by STRING database.RESULTS:The data of TMT-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis showed that a total of 1141 proteins were differentially expressed in HK-2 cells, of which 699 were up-regulated and 442 were down-regulated. Functional characterization by KEGG, along with GO enrichments, suggests that the DEPs are mainly involved in cellular components and cellular processes, including regulation of actin cytoskeleton, tight junction and focal adhesion. 3 high-degree hub nodes, CFL1, ACTN and MYH9 were identified by STRING analysis.CONCLUSION:These results suggested that calcium oxalate crystal has a significant effect on protein expression profile in human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of calcium oxalate crystals on the protein expression profiles in human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells, screen differentially expressed proteins and explore the relationship between kidney stones and renal injury. Methods The clinical kidney stone samples were analyzed and chose to culture with human proximal tubular epithelial cells HK-2. The cell total protein was extracted and qualified by SDS-PAGE. The protein concentration was determined by BSA method, and the difference of protein expression profiles between the experimental group and the control group were screened by TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics analysis. Cluster analysis, GO enrichment analysis and differential gene-related interaction network analysis were performed by bioinformatics method. Results The calcium oxalate crystal showed obvious cytotoxicity to HK-2 cells, and the cell growth slowed down and caused cell shape change significantly. The TMT-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis showed that after treatment with calcium oxalate crystals, a total of 1 141 proteins were differentially expressed in HK-2 cells, of which 699 were up-regulated and 442 were down-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that these differential proteins played important roles in extracellular complexes, organelles and various cytological processes, differential protein co-expression network analysis demonstrated that proteins involved in cytoskeletal maintenance (such as ACTB, CFL1) and several specific functions such as secretion and capping (MYH9, MYH14) were most closely related. Conclusion Calcium oxalate crystal has a significant effect on protein expression profiling in human renal epithelial cells, and these differentially expressed protein molecules may be involved in the formation of kidney stones and kidney injury. Key words: Calcium oxalate crystal; Kidney stones; Protein expression profile; Renal epithelial cells; Cluster analysis

What is known and objective Capsaicin, the major active ingredient of chili pepper, may play a "dual role" in tumourigenesis, acting as a carcinogen or as a cancer preventive agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer mechanisms of capsaicin and the effects of capsaicin on traditional chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy in various cancer types and the potential for clinical application in cancer therapy. Methods We conducted extensive literature searches through PubMed to collect representative studies of capsaicin in different cancer types. These studies investigated the anticancer molecular mechanisms of capsaicin. We then searched for the effects of capsaicin on traditional chemotherapeutic drugs or radiotherapy. Finally, in terms of clinical application, we searched for the advances of capsaicin-loaded nanoparticles in malignant tumours. Results and discussion In most studies, capsaicin is a potential anti-tumour compound and the anti-cancer mechanisms are mainly related to anti-proliferation, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastasis. It is worth noting that the biological functions of capsaicin are greatly affected by its concentration and the effective concentration in different malignant tumours varies considerably. Furthermore, capsaicin can affect the anti-cancer activity of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation therapy and more and more capsaicin-loaded nanoparticles have been developed to prolong the drug retention of capsaicin in the blood circulation and allow active targeting of specific cancer cells to enhance its accurate delivery and targeting specificity, suggesting that capsaicin may be used as a potential chemopreventive or a new auxiliary therapeutic drug for cancer. However, there is still a need for well-controlled studies to assess the safety and efficacy of capsaicin, and further preclinical and clinical trials are needed to elucidate its anti-tumour effects when combined with other standard drugs or radiotherapy. What is new and conclusion Capsaicin exhibits strong anti-cancer properties in various cancer types. The combination of capsaicin with conventional chemotherapy drugs or radiotherapy can improve the sensitivity, reduce the side effects and enhance the tolerance of patients to cancer treatment. The development of capsaicin-loaded nanoparticles may provide a very promising approach to chemotherapy for malignant tumours.

MicroRNA (miR)-202 has been reported to be involved in the regulation of human cancer progression including bladder cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, the function of miR-202 in prostate cancer remains largely unknown. The present study demonstrated that miR-202 was downregulated in human prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. And overexpression of miR-202 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells, but induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, miR-202 suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Regarding the underlying mechanism, it was revealed that phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA) was a target gene of miR-202 in prostate cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-202 inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of PIK3CA in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, overexpression of PIK3CA abolished the inhibitory effects of miR-202 on prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that miR-202 served as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer by directly targeting PIK3CA.

Objective To explore the expression profiles of Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in calcium oxalate monohydrate attached HK-2 cells,and to investigate the association between critical IncRNA expression and renal injury.Methods The HK-2 ceils were treated with crystal suspension of calcium oxalate which was grinded form clinical kidney sample and characterized by stone composition analysis.The effects of calcium oxalate crystals on the growth of HK-2 cells were determined by MTT assay.Total RNA was extracted and the lncRNA expression profile was analyzed by high-throughput transcriptase sequencing platform HiSeq 2500.The profile of identified lncRNA was verified by real-time PCR and their function was analyzed by Gene Ontology database and KEGG signal pathway analysis.Results Calcium oxalate crystals adhered to the surface of HK-2 cells in a few minutes and showed obvious cytotoxicity.RNA seq results showed that there were 25 differentially expressed lncRNAs in HK-2 cells treated with calcium oxalate crystals,of which 9 were up-regulated and 16 were down-regulated.The difference verified by real-time PCR were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Calcium oxalate crystals have a significant effect on IncRNA expression in human renal epithelial cells,which may play critical roles in kidney stone-mediated renal injury.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy, indications and safety of super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) in the treatment of kidney stones. Methods Clinical data of 26 patients with renal stones and treated by SMP in the People’s Hospital of Longhua District Shenzhen from January 2016 to February 2017 were reviewed respectively. The study group was consisted of 18 males and 8 females, aged from 28 to 60 years and the mean age was (44.0 ±2.8) years. The diameters of stones ranged from 1.5 cm to 2.7 cm and the mean stone diameter was (2.1 ± 0.6) cm. The cases of stones in the subrenal calyx, midrenal calyx, renal pelvic and renal pelvic combined subrenal calyx were 10, 4, 10, 2, respectively. Results Twenty five patients were successfully managed by SMP at one time, and one patient needed the adjuvant therapy of the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The operative time ranged from 45 to 130 min. The mean hemoglobin drop was (13.5 ± 8.4) g/L and no transfusion was needed. There were 2 cases (7.7%) treated with nephrostomy tube after the operation and 5 cases (19.2%) treated with double J stent because of the larger renal stones (initial period) and the other 19 cases (73.1%) were not treated with nephrostomy tube or double J stent. The postoperative hospital stay ranged from2 to 5 days and no serious complications occured. The stone-free rate (SFR) after 24 hours and 3 months were 76% (20/26) and 100%, respectively. Conclusion SMP is safe and effective for the management of renal stones about 2 cm. Key words: SMP; Kidney calculi; Effect

To study the expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in the calcium oxalate monohydrate-attached HK-2 cells, and investigate the association between critical lncRNA expression level and renal injury. The HK-2 cells were treated with crystal suspension of calcium oxalate. The effects of calcium oxalate crystals on the growth of HK-2 cells were determined by MTT assay. Total RNA was extracted and the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles were analyzed by high-throughput transcriptase sequencing platform HiSeq 2500. The profile of identified lncRNAs and mRNAs were verified by real-time PCR and their potential function was analyzed by Gene Ontology database and KEGG signal pathway analysis. Calcium oxalate crystals adhered to the surface of HK-2 cells in few minutes and showed obvious cytotoxicity. RNA seq results showed that there were 25 differentially expressed lncRNAs in HK-2 cells treated with calcium oxalate crystals, of which 9 were up-regulated and 16 were down-regulated. The difference was verified by real-time PCR which showed statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Calcium oxalate crystals have a significant effect on lncRNA and mRNA expression in human renal epithelial cells, which may play critical roles in kidney stone-mediated renal injury.

Androgen and its receptor (AR) play an important role in maintaining spermatogenesis and male fertility. The nonclassical androgen signaling pathway is proposed to be mediated by an AR in plasma membrane in Sertoli cells. Our previous studies showed that testosterone induces cytoplasmic AR translocation to plasma membrane by binding with caveolin-1. This study was conducted to the underlying molecular mechanism mediating AR trafficking. Data from mass spectrometry using membrane coimmunoprecipitation sample by anti-AR antibody indicated VAPA is a candidate protein. Knockdown of VAPA by shRNA decreased the amount of AR localized to membrane and nuclear fraction and prevented AR trafficking after being exposed to testosterone. Further studies indicated AR trafficking in Sertoli cells might be mediated by VAPA via association with vesicle transport protein OSBP. This study can enrich the mechanism of the androgen actions and will be helpful for further clarifying the nonclassical signaling pathway of androgens in Sertoli cells.

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg1对大鼠Ⅲ型前列腺炎血清IL-8、TGFβ、IL4、TNF-α的影响.方法:选取大鼠100只,双侧睾丸切除去势,随机分为四组,空白组、模型组、低剂量组、高剂量组,每组25只,低、高剂量组分别用不同浓度人参皂苷RgI腹腔注射,空白组和模型组用等量生理盐水注射,分别在第4周检测IL-8、TGFβ、IL4、TNF-α的含量及各组大鼠的一般状态.结果:空白组、模型组、低剂量组、高剂量组的IL-8、TGFβ、IL4、TNF-α经方差分析,均有统计学意义;与空白组相比,其它三组的上述免疫指标均有统计学意义;与模型组相比,低剂量组、高剂量组的上述免疫指标均具有统计学意义.模型组大鼠的体毛稀松,精神较差,腹部稍彭隆,肌力减弱;治疗组体毛增多,精神状态改善,腹部及肌力与空白组相近;各组在分组后第1天及第28天体重变化无明显差异.结论:人参皂苷RgI能有效减轻大鼠Ⅲ型前列腺炎的免疫反应.

The transmembrane protease serine 2:v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (TMPRSS2:ERG) gene fusion is common in prostate cancer, while its functional role is not fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the significance of the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion in human prostate cancers using bioinformatics tools. Comprehensive alteration analysis of TMPRSS2 and ERG in 148 different human cancer studies was performed by cBioPortal, and the mRNA expression level of the ERG gene was evaluated using Oncomine analysis. Furthermore, lentiviral short hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated knockdown of TMPRSS2:ERG was performed to study the impact of ERG silencing on cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution in prostate cancer cells. The results demonstrated that the TMPRSS2 and ERG genes were mostly altered in prostate cancer, and the most frequent alteration was gene fusion. Oncomine analysis demonstrated that the ERG gene was significantly upregulated in prostate clinical samples compared with the normal prostate gland in four independent datasets, and a positive association was observed between potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 15, down syndrome critical region gene 4, potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 6 and ERG gene expression. There were 272 mutations of the ERG gene identified in the cBioPortal database; among the mutations, 2 missense mutations (R367C and P401H) were regarded as functional mutations (functional impact score >1.938). Furthermore, the present study successfully knocked down ERG gene expression through a lentiviral-mediated gene silencing approach in VCaP prostate cancer cells. The ERG mRNA and protein expression levels were both suppressed significantly, and a cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was observed after ERG gene silencing. In conclusion, these bioinformatics analyses provide novel insights for TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene study in prostate cancer. Target inhibition of ERG expression could significantly cause cell growth arrest in prostate cancer cells, which could be a potentially valuable target for prostate cancer treatment. However, the precise mechanism of these results remains unclear; therefore, further studies are required.

Prostate cancer is a leading male malignancy worldwide, while the prognosis prediction remains quite inaccurate. The study aimed to observe whether there was an association between the prognosis of prostate cancer and genetic mutation profile, and to build an accurate prognostic predictor based on the genetic signatures. The patients diagnosed of prostate cancer from The Cancer Genomic Atlas were used for prognostic stratification, while the somatic gene mutation profiles were compared between different prognostic groups. The genetic features were further used for training machine-learning models to predict prostate cancer prognosis. No significant gene with somatic mutation rate difference was found between prognostic groups of prostate cancer. Total 43 atypical genes were screened for building a support vector machine model to predict prostate cancer prognosis, with an average accuracy of 66% and 64% for 5-fold cross-validation or training-testing evaluation respectively. When combined with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) features, the model could be further improved, with the 5-fold cross-validation accuracy of ~71%, much better than NICE itself (62%). To our knowledge, for the first time, the research studied the relationship of genome-wide somatic mutations with prostate prognosis, and developed an effective prognostic prediction model with the atypical genetic signatures.

Objective To investigate the function and regulatory mechanisms of human erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) related gene (ERG) in human disease.Methods ERG gene (NP_001230357) and protein sequences (NP_001230357) were screened from GenBank.The differences in different species,subcelluar location,secondary structure,functional domains and interaction networks were analyzed by using bioinformatic tools.Results The ERG gene encoded a length of 468 amino acid protein with two functional domains:PNT and ETS.Its molecular weight was 53 837.51,theoretical isoelectric point was 7.29.α-helix secondary structure (H) accounted for 12.35％,β fold (E) for 3.50％,and random coil for 84.16％.ERG protein contained four potential N-linked glycosylation sites,11 potential casein kinase Ⅱ phosphorylation sites,five cardamom acylation sites,seven protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation sites and one tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site.Its interaction networks were further analyzed by STRING.Conclusion More biological information about ERG gene and protein was analyzed,which provides some basic information for further research.

目的 检测草酸钙尿石症患者尿α1微球蛋白(α1-MG)和β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平,探讨α1-MG和β2-MG与草酸钙尿石症的关系.方法 将2010年3月至2012年12月收治的86例尿石症患者,根据尿结石成分分为草酸钙尿石症组(45例)和非草酸钙尿石症组(41例),并以同期健康体检者45例为对照组,比较3组血、尿生化指标、微量元素及α1-MG、32-MG水平.结果 3组患者血液生化指标比较,草酸钙、非草酸钙尿石症组肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)均高于对照组(P均＜0.05),其余指标(钙、磷、钾、钠、镁、尿酸)差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);3组尿液钙、磷、钾、钠、镁水平差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);草酸钙尿石症组尿α1-MG、β2-MG水平均高于非草酸钙尿石症组和对照组(P均＜0.01);非草酸钙尿石症组尿α1-MG、β2-MG水平与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);非草酸钙尿石症组尿酸水平高于草酸钙尿石症组和对照组(P均＜0.01),草酸钙尿石症组和对照组尿酸水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 α1-MG、β2-MG可能参与了草酸钙尿石症的形成.尿α1-MG、β2-MG水平可作为初步判断草酸钙结石的指标.

Objective To study the effects of transmembrane protease serines 2 (TMPRSS2) ∶ ERG fusion gene silencing on the growth of prostate cancer VCaP cells.Methods TMPRSS2∶ERG fusion gene shRNAs were designed and constructed to lentiviral vector pLKO.1,virus packing by 293FT cells and infected into the VCaP cells.The TMPRSS2∶ ERG fusion gene silence efficiency was tested by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) and Western blotting respectively.Methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) and flow cytometry were used to examine the proliferation capacity and cell cycle of VCaP cells.Results Three pairs shRNAs specific to the ERG gene were successfully designed,and the shRNA-ERG lentiviral clones were constructed.The shRNA1 showed the highest inhibition efficiency.The ERG mRNA level was reduced by 79％,and ERG protein level by 93％ after shRNA1 lentivirus infection,respectively.The MTT results revealed that the proliferation capacity of VCaP cells was reduced by 33.34％ after TMPRSS2∶ ERG fusion gene was silenced.Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that the ratio of S phase cells was reduced to 6.6％ from 10.0％,that of G2/M phase cells was reduced to 17.25％ from 29.1％,and that of G0/G1 phase cells was increased to 71.2％ from 51.7％.Conclusion Targeted inhibition of TMPRSS2∶ ERG fusion gene expression can significantly inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells.

目的 探讨柳栎浸膏提取物对大鼠肾草酸钙结石形成的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制.方法 采用乙二醇诱导大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型的建立,将60只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、柳栎浸膏低剂量组和柳栎浸膏高剂量组,每组15只,给药4周后,检测大鼠尿量、饮食量、体重,尿Ca2+、Mg2+、尿草酸和枸橼酸盐浓度,血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)和肾草酸浓度,肾脏中总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性.结果 与模型组比较,柳栎浸膏低剂量组能降低大鼠的饮水量和尿量,降低尿钙[(1.89±0.43) mmol/L vs(3.43±0.20) mmol/L]和尿草酸浓度[(2.02±0.02)mmol/L vs (3.83±l.04)mmol/L],提高枸橼酸盐[(9.03±1.02) mmol/Lvs (8.24±0.39) mmol/L]和Mg2+浓度[(16.30±0.23)mmol/L vs (6.13±1.44)mmol/L],降低Cr、BUN和草酸含量,提高SOD[(230.19±20.69)U/mg vs (160.83±9.05)U/mg]和GSH-Px活性[(45.53±5.45)U/mg vs (37.13±3.44)U/mg(均P＜0.05);与柳栎浸膏低剂量组比较,高剂量组上述结果改变更显著.结论 柳栎浸膏能够增加尿中结石抑制物,减少结石形成促进因素,从而抑制草酸钙结石的形成.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Longbishu Capsule in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Methods Patients (100 cases) with erectile dysfunction from June 2012 to February 2014 in the People’s Hospital of New District Longhua, Shenzhen were randomly divided into treatment (50 cases) and control (50 cases) groups. The patients in the control group were accepted Chinese materia medica treatment. The patients in the treatment group were po administered with Longbishu Capsules, 3 grains/time, twice daily. The patients in the two groups were treated for three months. After the treatment, the efficacy was evaluated, while the changes of penile erectile angle, the average time of healing and efficiency, and the evaluation for curative effect of patients in two groups were compared. Results The efficacies in the treatment and control groups were 98%and 66%, respectively, and there were differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). After the treatment, penile erectile angle in the two groups significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). After the treatment, the penile erectile angle in the treatment group was greater than that in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Seventeen patients were satisfied with the clinical effect, and 24 cases were basically satisfied with the curative effect in the treatment group, while 10 cases were satisfied with the effect, and 14 cases were satisfied with curative effect in the control group. The people of satisfaction and basic satisfaction with the effect in treatment group were more than those in the control group. The average time of healing and efficiency in the treatment group was shorter than that in the control group, with significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Longbishu Capsules has the good clinical effect in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and can improve the penile erectile angle, while also can shorten the time of healing and efficiency, and the satisfaction of patients is also higher.

Objective To screen a short-term,economical and satisfied model of renal calcium oxalate calculus in rats with minimal renal damage.Methods Ninety male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups.In group 1,the rats were treated with 1.0％ ammonium chloride and different concentrations of ethylene glycol (0.1％,0.2％,0.4％ and 0.8％).In group 2,the rats were treated with different concentrations of ethylene glycol (0.1％,0.2％,0.4％ and 0.8％).The body mass change,the serum creatinine and urine creatinine,and urinary oxalate excretion were measured.Conventional HE dyeing was carried out for kidney tissues and pathological changes,and the status of kidney stone formation was further observed.Results In group 1 treated with 1.0％ ammonium chloride and 0.1％ ethylene glycol for 7 days,the urinary oxalate excretion days was significantly higher than in control group (P ＜0.05).In group 1 treated with 0.4％ or 0.8％ ethylene glycol + 1.0％ ammonium chloride for 14 days,the creatinine clearance was lower than in control group (P ＜ 0.01).Light microscopy showed that calcium oxalate crystals formed in renal cortex,medulla and renal papilla,and inflammatory damage of renal tissue was aggravated.In group 2 treated with 0.4％ or 0.8％ ethylene glycol for 7 days,the urine oxalate excretion was higher than in control group (P ＜0.01),however,there was no statistically significant difference in the creatinine clearance (P ＞ 0.05).Light microscopy showed no obvious interstitial edema in renal cortex and a small amount of stone crystals were seen with no inflammatory cells infiltration.Conclusion Ethylene glycol alone is a quich,economic and good calcium oxalate crystallized method in rats without severe renal damage.