Regarding the preparation of aerogels by the co-precursor method, the skeleton collapse caused by its low strength is one of the key problems that needs to be solved urgently. In this study, vinyl-functionalized silica aerogel was prepared under atmospheric drying conditions (APD) with vinyltriethoxysilane (V) and water glass (W) as co-precursors. The performance of aerogels varied with the components of co-precursors. When the V:W ratio was 0.8, the aerogel had excellent properties of low thermal conductivity (0.0254 W/(m·K)), super hydrophobicity (hydrophobic angle of 160°), high specific surface area (890.76 m2/g), high porosity (96.82%), and low density (0.087 g/cm3). Test results of SEM and BET showed that the V:W ratio affected the pore structure. When the V:W ratio was around 0.8, the aerogel had a dual modal pore structure composed of both small (6–8 nm) and large (20–30 nm) mesopores, which could contribute to enhance the skeleton strength of the aerogel. On the other hand, the addition of vinyltriethoxysilane promoted the skeleton stability by reducing the capillary force. The vinyltriethoxysilane and water glass as novel co-precursor combinations can provide guidance for the preparation of aerogels under APD conditions.

以植物油基多元醇蓖麻油(CO)、多元醇2010A、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)和1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为A胶羟基基团基本原料,PM200为B胶异氰酸酯基团基本原料,制备得到透水路面用无溶剂双组分聚氨酯胶粘剂,并对胶粘剂的力学性能和耐紫外老化性能进行了测试.研究结果证明:保持A胶中扩链剂的羟基物质的量总量不变,当TMP与BDO的羟基物质的量之比为1:1时,聚氨酯胶粘剂的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率可达15.53 MPa和56.59％;在保证韧性基础上另添加0.15％气相Si02时,胶粘剂的拉伸强度提高至19.53 MPa.耐紫外老化性能表明,采用多元醇2010A制得的胶粘剂相比初始拉伸强度提高14％,断裂伸长率下降30％;相对于聚酯多元醇两个配方(XCPA和耐水解2010A),其力学性能较为稳定.

概述了传统的溶剂型涂料与环保型水性涂料在使用要求、基本性能、功能等方面的差异,重点对近年来水性无机富锌涂料、水性环氧涂料、水性丙烯酸涂料、水性聚氨酯涂料的主要成份、特点及最新研究进展进行分析,并介绍了 4类涂料的优、缺点及其应用前景;阐述了环保型水性涂料在汽车、铁路车辆、集装箱及重防腐中的应用现状及进展;对当前环保型水性涂料的研究做出了展望.

研究了正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)在片状铝颜料表面水解缩聚形成SiO2包覆膜制备Al颜料的反应过程,重点探讨了两阶段升温变化对包覆性能的影响.FE-SEM和刮板试验结果表明:第一阶段温度50℃,第二阶段80℃时,能在片状铝颜料表面形成一层均匀、致密且遮盖性高、光泽高的SiO2薄膜;EDS和粒径分布测试结果表明:与未包覆的铝颜料相比,SiO2包覆的Al颜料表面硅元素含量增加了1.48％,氧元素含量由1.81％增加到4.60％,SiO2包覆的Al颜料的D50增大了约15％,表明在铝颜料表面形成的SiO2包覆膜非常薄;在pH为9的弱碱性溶液中,220 h后析出的H2体积仅为未包覆铝颜料的2.2％,具有良好的耐弱碱性.

为了提高铝颜料在水性涂料中的耐腐蚀性能,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱物,通过溶胶-凝胶反应在铝颜料表面形成了一层致密的二氧化硅包覆薄膜,通过优化固含量、溶剂种类及TEOS的用量,提高铝颜料的耐碱性.利用扫描电镜、刮板试验、接触角测试、析氢实验进行表征,结果表明:以无水乙醇为溶剂,铝金属颜料固含量为10％,升温至50℃后,逐滴加入6 g TEOS,再升温至80℃,该条件下制备的SiO2膜包覆后的铝颜料具有优异的耐碱性,同时表面性能由疏水性转变成亲水性,对铝颜料起到了很好的保护作用.