金属类矿物药应用历史悠久,是我国传统中医药极具特色的组成部分.笔者对金属类矿物药所含成分、性味归经、临床应用、药理研究以及炮制加工等方面的研究进行了总结和概述,以期为金属矿物药的进一步开发利用、物质基础及作用机制的深入研究提供参考.

细菌载体是当前纳米载药系统研究的热点,其具有粒径小、靶向性能强、可装载化学药物和核酸药物的能力并且易于制备的特点.以活菌作为载体,容易引起生物体免疫反应,存在潜在的安全问题.通过基因工程技术和生物工程技术,可以获得低免疫原性和低毒性的细菌衍生物,并使其具有一定的靶向功能,能够用作载体来递送具有治疗作用的药物至肿瘤靶组织或靶细胞,这引起研究者的广泛关注.本文中,笔者选择3种常见的细菌衍生物——细菌外膜囊泡、细菌原生质体和微细胞这3种细菌衍生物载体在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展进行综述,以期为肿瘤治疗中药物递送系统的构建提供借鉴.

OBJECTIVE To provide the basis for the medicinal quality standard of Chinese medicine processing accessories of rice vinegar through analysis with fingerprints of different kinds of origin and brand of rice vinegar.METHODS 33 batches of vinegar were collected.The mobile phase,column,elution,the mobile phase pH were investigated and the analysis method of HPLC fingerprint was optimazated,Among them,20 batch of rice vinegar fingerprint were chosen to perform the similari-ty,cluster analysis and principal component analysis.RESULTS The concentration of rice vinegar was diluted at 1:3 when it was injected.Chromatographic column was Thermo Hypersil GOLD(5 μm,250 mm×4.6 mm);the mobile phase was com-posed of methanol and 0.07％phosphoric acid aqueous solution and a gradient elution program at flow rate of 1 mL/min was applied.The column temperature maintained at 30 ℃.The injection volume was 10μL.Then,the separation of characteristic peaks was optimum.Rice vinegar was divided into black vinegar and white vinegar.Furthermore,there was a big difference between black vinegar and white vinegar.The white vinegar almost showed only one peak of acetic acid,so,it's impossible to distinguish between brewing white vinegar and formulated white vinegar by HPLC.Similarity evaluation showed that 20 batch of white vinegar's fingerprints had palpable difference.Besides,clustering analysis and principal component analysis splited them into several categories.Different types of Hengshun vinegar indicated high similarity.Hence it could be seen that the quality of rice vinegar from the same brand was uniform and stable because of similar brewing processes and similar materials.CONCLUSION There are varieties of rice vinegar on the market with extensive source and uneven quality.20 batches of black rice vinegar were chosen to compare the differences by HPLC fingerprints analysis,which provides reference for the medicinal quality control standard of traditional Chinese medicine processing accessories of rice vinegar.