OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to clarify and develop a conceptual framework for nursing professionalism. BACKGROUND:Nursing professionalism serves as a guide for nurses in all aspects of their work. Nurses with strong professionalism are key to safeguarding the health of all people. However, the concept of nursing professionalism remains ambiguous. METHODS:This study used Charmaz's Constructing Grounded Theory. Thirty-eight participants, including nursing students, clinical nurses, nursing managers, doctors and patients in China, were interviewed from May 2021 to August 2022. We used purposeful sampling and theoretical sampling. By exploring stakeholders' understanding of the concept of nursing professionalism, the researchers clarified its conceptual components. RESULTS:The conceptual framework of nursing professionalism encompasses four components: altruism, dedication, caring, and professional competence. Altruism includes putting patients-first and benefiting others. Dedication includes sacrifice, patience, tolerance, and expecting nothing in return. Caring reflects reverence for life, empathy, compassion, and concern. Professional competence includes sensitivity, responsibility, excellence, self-discipline, and collaboration. CONCLUSION:This study clarifies the conceptual framework of nursing professionalism, providing guidance for cultivating professional values in nursing education and clinical practice. The framework also enables the development of precise assessment tools to systematically evaluate nursing professionalism.

Background Adolescence is a critical developmental stage characterized by emotional challenges and an increased vulnerability to depressive symptoms (DS). While poor sleep quality (PSQ) is known to correlate with DS, the roles of coping strategies (CS) and self-efficacy (SE) in this relationship remain underexplored.This study investigates the relationships between sleep quality (SQ), CS, SE and DS among adolescents, emphasizing the mediating role of CS and the moderating role of SE in the SQ-DS relationship. Methods Utilizing a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 1,132 junior high school students in China between January and June 2023.Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation-moderation analysis using PROCESS were conducted to examine variable relationships. Results The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between PSQI and SDS (Beta = 0.350, p < 0.001), indicating that PSQ is associated with higher levels of DS. CS acted as a mediator; specifically, positive coping (SCSQ.AR) negatively predicted SDS (Beta = -0.432, p < 0.001), whereas negative coping (SCSQ.NC) positively predicted SDS (Beta = 0.270, p < 0.001). GSES did not significantly moderate the direct relationship between PSQI and SDS (B = -0.0076, p = 0.5437), but it partially moderated the indirect effects through negative coping. Adolescents with lower SE were more prone to adopt negative coping strategies (NCS), which in turn exacerbated their DS. Conclusion PSQ is significantly associated with increased DS in adolescents, with NCS intensifying this relationship, especially among those with lower SE. Although enhancing SE alone may not significantly influence the direct impact of PSQ on DS, interventions that promote positive coping strategies (PCS) and reduce NCS, combined with efforts to enhance SE, could effectively alleviate DS. Future research should adopt a longitudinal approach to further elucidate these relationships and inform targeted mental health interventions for adolescents.

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to clarify and develop a conceptual framework for Nursing Professionalism. Background：Nursing professionalism is the guide for nurses in all nursing work. Nurses with good professionalism are the main force to safeguard the health of all mankind. The concept of Nursing professionalism still exhibits ambiguity. Design: This study used Charmaz's Constructing Grounded Theory. Methods: 38 participants were interviewed including nursing students, clinical nurses, nursing managers, doctors and patients in China form May 2021 to August 2022. We used purpose sampling, theoretical sampling, and snowball sampling. By exploring the understanding of the concept of nursing professionalism among stakeholders, the researchers explored and clarified the conceptual connotation of nursing professionalism. Findings: The conceptual framework of nursing professionalism includes four connotations: altruism, dedication, caring, professional. Altruism include patient first and benefit others. Dedication include endure, patience, tolerance, and expecting nothing in return. Caring include reverence for life, empathy, compassion, and concern. Professional include sensitivity, responsibility, excellence, self-discipline, and collaboration. Conclusion：This study clearly clarified the conceptual framework of nursing professionalism, which is conducive to further developing standardized evaluation tools in future research, accurately analyzing its development path, and cultivating nursing teams with high level of nursing professionalism.

BackgroundNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents is a growing global concern. However, effective interventions for treating NSSI are limited.MethodA 36-week quasi-experimental study design of parent–child group resilience training (intervention group) for adolescents aged 12–17 years was used and compared with treatment-as-usual (control group). The primary endpoint was the frequency of NSSI assessed with the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI), and the secondary endpoints were the levels of depression, hope, resilience, and family adaptability and cohesion as assessed by the 24-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-24), Herth Hope Scale (HHS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, second edition (FACES-II-CV), respectively.ResultA total of 118 participants completed the trial. Both groups showed a significant reduction in NSSI frequency after 12, 24, and 36 weeks of intervention (p< 0.05), although the intervention group did not differ significantly from the control group. After 12, 24, and 36 weeks of intervention, the CD-RISC, HHS, HAMD-24, and FACES-II-CV scores in the intervention and control groups improved over baseline (p< 0.05). Furthermore, the intervention group had higher scores on the CD-RISC, HHS, and FACES-II-CV and lower scores on the HAMD-24 than the control group after 12, 24, and 36 weeks of intervention (p < 0.05).ConclusionParent–child group emotional regulation and resilience training showed promise as treatment options for NSSI among adolescents, leading to increased hope, resilience, and improved family dynamics among NSSI teens. Moreover, NSSI frequency significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to baseline.

Objective:To explore the application effect of parent-child emotional regulation and resilience group training in adolescent depression patients.Methods:From August 2020 to September 2021, a total of 118 adolescent depression patients were enrolled and randomly divided into the intervention group(66 cases) and the control group(66 cases) by a random number table method.The intervention group received medication therapy and parent-child group emotional regulation and psychological resilience training, while the control group received medication therapy and commonly used individual, family or group therapy in clinical practice.The Hamilton Depression rating scale(HAMD-24 version), Herth hope scale(HHS), Connor-Davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC), and family adaptability and cohesion evaluation scale, second edition Chinese version(FACES-Ⅱ-CV) were adopted to investigate participants at baseline, 12-week, 24-week, and 36-week after intervention.SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used to perform repeated measurement analysis of variance on the data.Results:(1)The interaction effect between two groups of HAMD scores( F=54.0, P<0.001), group main effect( F=401.4, P<0.001), and time main effect( F=116.6, P<0.001) were all significant.Further simple effect analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in HAMD scores at various time points after intervention between the intervention group(26.2±6.5, 19.3±5.9, 11.3±5.6) and the control group(33.1±9.1, 30.3±7.9, 25.0±8.4)(all P<0.05). Intragroup comparison showed the HAMD scores of the intervention group and control group at each time point after intervention were lower than those before intervention (all P<0.05). (2)The interaction effect of CD-RISC scores between two groups of patients( F=72.1, P<0.001), group main effect( F=48.9, P<0.001), and time main effect( F=174.9, P<0.001) were significant.Further simple effect analysis showed that the CD-RISC score of the intervention group at each time point after intervention were higher than those of the control group(all P<0.05). Intragroup comparison showed the scores of CD-RISC at each time point after intervention in the intervention group and the control group were higher than those before intervention(all P<0.05). (3)The interaction effect of HHS scores( F=121.6, P<0.001), group main effect( F=57.4, P<0.001), and time main effect( F=208.1, P<0.001) of the two groups of patients were significant.Further simple effect analysis showed that the HHS scores of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group at all time points after intervention(all P<0.05). Intragroup comparison showed the HHS scores of the intervention group and the control group at each time point after intervention were higher than those before intervention(all P<0.05). (4)The interaction effect of FACES-Ⅱ-CV scores( F=45.0, P<0.001), group main effect( F=20.3, P<0.001), and time main effect( F=154.5, P<0.001) of the two groups of patients were significant.Further simple effect analysis showed that the FACES-Ⅱ-CV scores of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group at all time points after intervention(all P<0.05). Intragroup comparison showed the FACES-Ⅱ-CV scores of the intervention group and the control group at each time point after intervention were higher than those before intervention(all P<0.05). (5)The total effective rate of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group(95.1%, 87.7%)( P<0.001). Conclusion:In adolescents with depression, parent-child group emotional regulation and resilience training can effectively reduce depression emotion, increase the level of hope and resilience of patients and enhance family intimacy and adaptability.

BACKGROUND:Nursing professionalism plays an important role in clinical nursing. However, a clear conceptual understanding of nursing professionalism is lacking.METHOD:Walker and Avant's strategy was used to analyse the concept of nursing professionalism. We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL, for studies published from 1965 to 2021. Quantitative or qualitative studies published in English that focused on nursing professionalism were included in the study.RESULTS:The three attributes of nursing professionalism are multidimensional, dynamic, and culture oriented. Based on the analysis, nursing professionalism is defined as providing individuals care based on the principles of professionalism, caring, and altruism.CONCLUSIONS:This study offers a theoretical definition and conceptual model of nursing professionalism that may be applied to develop standardized assessment tools or nursing professionalism training programs.

目的:探索无陪护管理模式下三级甲等综合医院精神障碍患者的就医现状和真实体验。方法:选取2019年9月至2020年1月山西医科大学第一医院精神障碍住院患者14例进行深度半结构质性访谈，采用Colaizzi方法对访谈资料进行分析、整理并提炼。结果:提炼出3个一级主题9个二级主题：症状改善(协同发展；强化专业；丰富团体)、情感支持(解决家属陪侍问题；彼此增进感情；人文关怀需求)、回归社会(健全设施，改善环境；感知危险，预防复发；接纳自己，回归社会)。结论:从质性研究角度探讨无陪护管理模式下医院精神障碍患者就医体验，为进一步完善病人管理，提供最优化安全、专业的临床服务提供理论依据，更为无陪护管理模式的进一步改善、推广与应用提供参考依据。

We summarize the evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people living with dementia(PlwD). A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and clinicaltrials.gov. Up to August 20, 2022. Six studies met our eligibility criteria. Light therapy, the therapeutic pet-type robotic seal(PRAO), and slow-stroke back massage(SSBM) are non-pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in PlwD.PARO increased night-time sleep duration (p < 0.05). The benefit of SSBM for sleep disturbances in PlwD is unclear (p > 0.05). Although there is a lack of evidence for the effect of light therapy on sleep disturbances in PlwD (p > 0.05), light therapy reduced sleep disturbance (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI:1.25, 0.48), increased sleep efficiency (MD = 3.77; 95% CI:-0.23, 7.78), and also reduced depression (MD = -2.49; 95% CI: -2.92, -2.06). More large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed and consider combining multiple non-pharmacological measures for sleep interventions in PlwD.

对临床护士替代性创伤的研究现状进行综述,包括替代性创伤的概念及其相近概念的鉴别、替代性创伤的测评工具和应对策略,旨在帮助护理人员正确理解、识别和干预替代性创伤,以期为我国开展临床护士替代性创伤的相关研究提供参考.

目的:构建精神科保护性约束实施评估表.方法:在风险管理理论及《精神卫生法》基础上,查阅相关文献,进行半结构化访谈及小组讨论,初步形成精神科保护性约束实施评估表条目池,采用德尔菲法对13名护理专家进行函询,最终确立精神科保护性约束实施评估表.结果:2轮专家函询专家积极系数均为100％,专家权威系数分别为0.888和0.892,肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.290和0.182,均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).最终形成包含自伤自杀行为、攻击行为、意识状态、精神症状4个一级指标、20个二级指标的精神科保护性约束实施评估表.结论:基于德尔菲法构建的精神科保护性约束实施评估表具有科学性和可靠性,可为精神科开展保护性约束提供量化依据.

AbstractAimTo explore and describe nurses' self‐expression media image during COVID‐19 pandemic in China.BackgroundNurses play an important role in COVID‐19 pandemic. Although nurses were widely reported by the media, which included praise for nurses and nursing work, the researches on how nurses expressed their self‐images were limited.DesignQualitative media analysis.MethodsQualitative media analysis was conducted from January to April 2020, the researchers collected images and texts of 16 Chinese nurses who take care of COVID‐19 patients. These images and texts were published on WeChat Moments by themselves. After analysed each image and text, researchers identified the denotative and connotative elements in each image and summarized each image in narrative way.FindingsThis study analysed 219 pictures and 15 short videos of 16 nurses' self‐expression in WeChat moments. In this study, the media image self‐expression of nurses were mostly positive. The images expressed by nurses in this study included care image; hero image; soldier image; female image; hope image and team image. Nurses rarely showed negative images in the media; The negative nurses image were expressed in hidden way, which included exhausted nurses image and fragile nurses image. Moreover, the nurse self‐expression media image emphasized the nursing professionalism, but less showed the nursing connotation.ConclusionsThe positive media image self‐expression of nurses should be encouraged. Nurse Managers should pay attention to the deficiency of nursing image expression and guide nurses to show the essence and connotation of nursing.

Review question / Objective: To study whether online non-pharmacological interventions can improve the health of people with depression and investigated the components of these interventions. Condition being studied: The high prevalence, high disability rate, and high burden rate of depression have attracted the attention of more and more scholars. At present, depression is mainly treated by drugs, but the side effects of drug treatment, withdrawal reactions and other disadvantages are more prominent in patients with depression, so more and more scholars are focusing on non-drug interventions such as exercise and exercise , cognitive correction, yoga, music therapy, diet therapy, etc.) to further improve the health status of patients with depression, the effect reports of different interventions are not uniform, so it is necessary to summarize the non-drug interventions for depression and report their effectiveness systematic review. At present, the systematic reviews on patients with depression in the literature mostly focus on a certain intervention or a specific population such as the elderly, pregnant women, etc. Therefore, this study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-drug interventions for patients with depression, in order to provide clinical Provide the basis for the development of practice guidelines.

This paper introduced the concept of preparedness for caregiving and its assessment tools,and reviewed the influencing factors and intervention measures of preparedness for caregiving.Furthermore,this paper proposed the necessity of increasing preparedness for caregiving via perfecting intervention measures,so as to provide reference for improving care quality of caregiver and quality of life.

ObjectiveTo make a cross⁃cultural adjustment on English version of Inventario del NIvel de Cuidados mediante IndicAdores de clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería（INICIARE）of inpatients in acute stage,and to form the Chinese version of INICIARE so as to provid a reference for assessing nursing dependency of inpatients in the acute stage in China.MethodsThe authors of English version of INICIARE were contacted for authorization.Combined with Nursing Outcomes Classification(NOC,3rd Edition),translation and back-translation were carried out.Then,a preliminary cross⁃cultural adjustment was implemented by muilti-objective decision⁃making method and two rounds of Delphi expert consultations.ResultsAfter adjusting translation of part of categories according to experts' suggestions,formed Chinese version of INICIARE included 14 dimensions and 57 categories.Effective recovery rate of two rounds of Delphi expert consultations were 94.44% and 100.00% respectively.Authority coefficients of two rounds of expert consultations were 0.908 and 0.926 respectively.Coordination coefficients were 0.360 and 0.373 respectively.ConclusionCategories of Chinese version of INICIARE are relatively comprehensive,scientific and reliable.It can be used to evaluate nursing dependency of inpatients in acute stage from the aspects of physiology and psychology.

Objective To translate the English version assessment instrument of nursing care dependency level in acutely ill hospita-lized patients (INICIARE), and to validate the Chinese version INICIARE in stroke patients.Methods The English acute inpatients version INICIARE was translated based on the Brislin translation model, and culturally adjusted before researchers conducted two rounds expert consultation. Then 320 acute stroke inpatients were selected for reliability and validity testing.Results Experts′ response rate in the two rounds consultation was 94.44％ and 100％, the Kendall′ coefficients of concordance was 0.360 and 0.373, and experts′ authority coefficient was 0.908 and 0.926; the final Chinese version scale consisted of 14 dimensions and 57 items, the Cronbach′s α coefficient for each dimension and the scale ranged from 0.838 to 0.985, split-half reliability ranged from 0.836 to 0.976, and retest reliability ranged from 0.778 to 0.973 (P<0.01 for all); the content validity I-CVI ranged from 0.880 to 1.000, and the S-CVI was 0.990.Conclusion The content of the Chinese version INICIARE is comprehensive, the scale is reliable, and it has good reliability and validity. Thus it could comprehensively assess the nursing care dependency of acute stroke inpatients on physical, functional, psychological and social aspects.

介绍国内外护理依赖性评估工具相关概念、应用现状及研究进展,以期为引进基于护理结局分类系统的护理依赖性评估工具提供参考,优化护理程序,持续改进护理服务质量,科学合理配置护理人力资源。