BACKGROUND: Alveolar echinococcosis is an epidemic disease caused by the parasitism of Echinococcus multilocularis (Em) larvae in the intermediate or final host. OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze B-cell and T-cell (Th1, Th2, and Th17) epitopes of the Em antigen protein thrombospondin 3 (TSP3). METHODS: The amino acid sequence of TSP3 was obtained, and the secondary structural characteristics of TSP3 were predicted using bioinformatics software to further predict its potential T-cell and B-cell epitopes. The spleen lymphocytes of BALB/c mice, which were immunized with the TSP3 protein, were collected for co-culture with B-cell and T-cell antigen small peptides. The B-cell epitopes and T-cell epitope subtypes Th1, Th2, and Th17 were identified as having good immunogenicity. RESULTS: After identification, it was found that the predominant epitopes of B cells existing in TSP3 were T18-33, T45-55, and T110-122. Furthermore, the predominant epitopes of T cells existing in TSP3 were T33-42, T45-55, T80-90, and T110-122 in the T1 subtype, T45-55, T68-77, and T92-104 in the Th2 subtype, and T53-63 and T80-90 in the Th17 subtype. CONCLUSIONS: Six T-cell and eight B-cell dominant epitopes of the TSP3 antigen were revealed; these results may be applied in the development of a dominant epitope vaccine.

Objective To explore the influence on the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)gene and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gene in hepatocellular carcinoma of SMMC-7721 cells with RNA interference (RNAi) silencing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1 α) gene.Methods Firstly,constructed short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting for HIF-lα gene,and then transfected it to SMMC-7721 cells after combining with plasmid.The SMMC-7721 cells were divided into three groups,silencing group,negative control group,and blank control group,which were transfected with HIF-1α-shRNA-pGenesil-1 recombinant vector,shRNA-HK-pGenesil-1 recombinant vector,and pGenesil-1 vector respectively.Transfection cells were screened by the concentration of 500 μg/mL G418,and then positive and negative cell clones with transfection recombination carrier were obtained.Detected the expressions of HIF-lα mRNA,VEGF mRNA,and MMP-2 mRNA in the 3 groups with real time PCR (RT-PCR) technology,under the condition of hypoxic training 6 h,12 h,and 24 h,as well as conventional oxygen training.Results There was no expression of HIF-1α mRNA at conventional oxygen condition in the 3 groups,and there was no significant difference in expressions of VEGF mRNA and MMP-2 mRNA among the 3 groups (P＞0.05) at the condition of conventional oxygen training.The expressions of HIF-1α mRNA,VEGF mRNA,and MMP-2 mRNA in the silencing group,compared with the the negative control group and the blank control group,were obviously decreased (P＜0.05) under the condition of hypoxic training (6,12,and 24 h),while there was no significant difference between the negative control group and the blank control group at each time point (P＞0.05),but the expressions of HIF-1α mRNA,VEGF mRNA,and MMP-2 mRNA in the 3 groups under every condition of hypoxic training were all higher than those of conventional oxygen condition (P＜0.05).Under the condition of hypoxic training,the expressions of HIF-1α mRNA,VEGF mRNA,and MMP-2 mRNA in the 3 groups decreased over time,and there was significant difference between any 2 time points in each group (P＜0.05).Conclusion RNAi technique can effectively silence the expression of HIF-1α mRNA of SMMC-7721 cells,and then silence the expressions of VEGF and MMP-2 mRNA,to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To explore the genetic correlations between the susceptibility to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and single nucleotide polymorphisms of IFN-γ,TNF-α and IL-10 so as to identify the influencing factors of HBV susceptibility at the genetic level in Tibetan population in Qinghai area.Methods We collected 258 blood samples from Tibetan patients infected with HBV in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and the Fourth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province to serve as the case group.And 126 blood samples from healthy individuals in the Physical Examination Center were collected as the control group.Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood by DNA extraction kit.The bases and genotypes of gene polymorphism loci of IFN-γ (+874A/T,+2 109C/T),TNF-α (-308) and IL-10 (-592,-1,082) were detected by flight mass spectrometry,and their correlations with the susceptibility to hepatitis B virus were analyzed.Results No statistically significant differences were found in the frequency distribution of bases and genotypes of gene polymorphism loci of TNF-α (-308) and IL-10 (-592,-1 082) between the case group (92.4％,7.6％;24％,52％,24％;1.2％,23.2％,75.6％) and the control group (92.5％,7.5％;23.9％,46.3％,29.8％;4.5％,19.4％,76.1％;all P＞0.05).Although the frequency distribution of bases and genotypes of IFN-γ +2109C/T and IFN-γ+874A/T polymorphism loci in the control group (14.3％,43.7％,42％;2.4％,19.8％,77.8％) and the case group (10.5％,47.3％,42.2％;3.1％,30.6％,66.3％) showed no statistically significant differences (all P＞0.05),but the frequency distribution of base A of IFN-γ+874A/T loci was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (18.4％ vs.12.3％) and base T was significantly higher in the control group than in the case group (87.7％ vs.81.6％) (both P ＜0.05).Conclusions For the Tibetan population in Qinghai Province,the allele T of IFN-γ+874A/T may be the protective factor of HBV infection,while the allele A is the predisposing factor of HBV infection.

目的 回顾性研究我国肝外包虫病的分布、临床症状特点、诊断及治疗概况.方法 利用中国知网和万方数据库检索2000 ～ 2015年中国(不包括港澳台地区)肝外包虫病的相关病例报道并进行回顾性分析总结.结果 纳入2000 ～ 2015年发表的肝外包虫病相关文献66篇共884例病例,其中分布以新疆最多(68.73％),其次为西藏(8.77％)、宁夏(6.75％)、青海(6.41％)、甘肃(5.62％)几个地区;器官分布以肺最多(61.09％),其次为骨(9.95％)、脑(9.73％)、脾(8.60％)、肾(6.22％)等居多;患者临床症状主要以一般占位症状及包虫所在器官功能异常为主;行影像学及免疫学检查者最多,X线(30.77％)、B超(7.47％)、CT(17.43％)、MR(1.59％)、实验室检查(36.31％);临床治疗大部分患者采取外科手术(73.30％),部分患者辅以药物化疗.结论 我国肝外包虫病的分布与包虫病整体分布大致相同,其肝外分布多在血供丰富的器官,临床诊断以影像学及免疫学检查为主,手术仍为其治疗的主要手段.

目的 总结近几年来泡型肝包虫病的临床治疗方法,为指导临床实践提供新的依据.方法 通过查阅国内外有关泡型肝包虫病治疗方法的相关文献,对各种治疗方法的临床疗效及优势或不足之处进行分析总结.结果 根治性手术依然是目前治疗泡型肝包虫病的首选治疗方法,肝移植多用于晚期泡型肝包虫病的治疗,手术若结合化学治疗则临床疗效显著.结论 泡型肝包虫病发病率高、预后差,临床治愈较为困难.根治性手术、肝移植、化学治疗、放射治疗等技术不断被用于临床治疗泡型肝包虫病,充分掌握各种治疗方法的适应证十分必要,同时若能对此病的发生、发展进行深入的研究,也许能为泡型肝包虫病的治愈带来新的希望.