川芎嗪又称四甲基吡嗪,是提取自伞形科藁本属植物川芎根茎的一种中药单体成分,属于酰胺类生物碱.川芎嗪除了具有传统的活血祛瘀、抑制血小板聚集、扩张血管、改善血液循环、缓解疼痛等作用外,随着研究的不断深入,发现川芎嗪还具有心脑血管疾病预防与治疗、多器官如心脏、脑组织和肾脏等的缺血再灌注损伤修复、血管内皮保护、肿瘤抑制、哮喘病人气道重塑、钙超载抑制和免疫调节等作用.现从川芎嗪在心血管疾病、脑疾病、肾损伤、肿瘤等疾病中的应用,对近几年川芎嗪最新研究进展进行综述,以期为川芎嗪的临床应用提供参考.

Age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is one of the main causes of irreversible visual impairment in the middle-aged and elderly people, which severely impacts the patient's life quality and poses a substantial health economic burden on society. There are two types of late ARMD in clinic: wet ARMD and dry ARMD. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, as first-line clinical drugs for wet ARMD, achieved remarkable efficacy. For dry ARMD, however, effective therapies are in the air. This review focuses on the potential drugs, biological therapies and traditional Chinese medicines that made significant progresses in clinical trials for dry ARMD, including anti-inflammatory drugs(doxycycline and FHTR2163), anti-oxidants(risuteganib and elamipretide), complement inhibitors(APL-2 and zimura), visual cycle modulators(ALK-001), neuroprotective agents(brimonidine), stem cell transplantation(MA09-hRPE and BMMF), gene therapy(HMR59), and traditional Chinese medicine(saffron, curcumin, quercetin and resveratrol). The new drugs exhibited favorable clinical efficacy and broad application prospects, which would foster hope for improvement and treatment of ARMD.