Objective To analyze the cause of death and related factors of death of SLE,to explore the method of reducing mortality rate. Methods 31 death cases of hospitalized patients with SLE were analyzed retrospectively, and investigated the relations between the causes of death and clinical related factors. Results The mortality rate of patients in this group was 9.7% ,26 cases( 83.9% )were dead of organ lesion which was caused by SLE ,5 cases( 16.1% )were dead of infection. The clinical related factors for the death of these patients were long time diagnostic errors, failing to promptly adjust the immunosuppressive therapy according to the disease,poor treatment compliance etc. Conclusion The main cause of death of patients in this group is still the organ lesion caused by SLE, the reason is immunosuppressive therapy relatively conservative. Early diagnosis, timely and reasonable immunosuppressive therapy, positive patients education and enhancing patient's treatment compliance can improve the survival rate of SLE.

目的 探讨高龄患者冠状动脉搭桥围术期的护理方法,以提高护理质量,减少手术并发症.方法 对39例行冠状动脉搭桥术的高龄患者,术前制定护理计划,做好心理护理及术前准备,术后加强呼吸道护理,维持循环、血糖的稳定,以防并发症的发生.结果 39例患者术后恢复快,并发症少,均痊愈出院.结论 充分做好高龄患者冠状动脉搭桥围术期的护理是手术成功的保证。

目的:探讨食管癌术后早期肠内营养的可行性、安全性和临床疗效.方法:食管癌患者60例,随机分为早期肠内营养组和传统的完全胃肠外营养组,每组30例.肠内营养组为术中将鼻肠营养管置入患者的十二指肠降部,术后12h开始经鼻肠营养管通过输液泵滴注肠内营养剂(能全力),术后6d给予全肠内营养.肠外营养组为传统治疗方法,多采用全胃肠外营养支持,待肠功能恢复后逐渐过度到肠内营养.观察两种方法患者生命体征、胃肠道功能恢复及不良反应及实验室的生化指标.结果:肠内营养组术后胃肠功能恢复较肠外营养组提前10～14h,输液量明显减少,缩短了住院日,减少了相关并发症.结论:食道癌术后早期肠内营养支持对维持机体的正常代谢功能、减少并发症有重要意义,而且安全、有效、经济.

心脏瓣膜置换术是根本解决瓣膜病的手段,能明显地改善患者的生活质量.但由于患者的文化水平有限,医学知识缺乏,导致出院后不能有效地配合康复治疗,不能正确自我保健,因此对患者进行出院指导显得十分重要.出院的健康教育也是患者恢复健康的指南,特别对心脏瓣膜置换术患者尤为关键,通过对心脏瓣膜置换术后的患者进行正确的出院指导,提高患者自我保健和自我护理能力,预防术后远期并发症发生,保证康复质量意义重大.