Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a high–linear energy transfer radiotherapy that enables cell-scale selective tumor killing and has shown clinical potential in recurrent and radioresistant cancers. While most BNCT research has focused on boron delivery, dosimetry, and direct local cytotoxicity, accumulating evidence suggests that BNCT can also elicit non-targeted biological responses beyond the irradiated volume. In this review, we summarize experimental and emerging clinical evidence indicating that localized BNCT induces both bystander and abscopal effects, manifested as biological alterations in neighboring non-irradiated cells and growth suppression of distant tumors. We further integrate these phenomena within a radiation immunology framework, proposing that high–linear energy transfer (high-LET)–induced immunogenic cell death, accompanied by the release of tumor antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment and drives systemic antitumor immune responses that mechanistically link bystander and abscopal effects. On this basis, we discuss the rationale for combining BNCT with immunotherapeutic approaches, positioning BNCT not only as a precision local radiotherapy but also as a potential trigger of systemic radio-immunological effects. This integrated perspective provides a conceptual framework for future mechanistic studies and the rational design of BNCT-based combination strategies.

Background:Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) frequently metastasize to bone. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of PPGL patients with postoperative bone metastases (BMs) in hopes of providing valuable insights into future clinical practices for patients with PPGLs. Methods:In this retrospective study, 107 patients were enrolled. The clinical, pathological and laboratory examination results of the patients were analyzed. We statistically investigated the clinical characteristics of BMs in PPGLs. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors influencing BMs, and a Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the prognostic factors of bone metastasis-free survival (BMFS) in patients with PPGLs. Results:Eighty-one of the 107 patients (75.7%) developed BMs, and BMs occurred at a median of 60 months after complete resection of the primary mass (range, 3-308 months). Most bone lesions were multiple (54 patients [66.7%]), and the spine was the most frequent site of bone involvement (229 lesions [63.3%]). Skeletal complications occurred in 31 patients (38.3%), of whom bone pain was the most common symptom (90.3%). Fifty-eight patients were grouped according to whether they had bone metastases or not. Logistic regression analysis revealed that SDHB mutation (OR=5.334, 95% CI: 1.072-26.534, P=0.041) was an independent risk factor for bone metastases in PPGLs. The median duration of bone metastasis-free survival in the 58 patients with PPGLs was 101 months (range, 3-308 months). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that SDHB mutation (HR=3.376, 95% CI: 1.470-7.754, P=0.004) was an independent poor prognostic factor for BMFS in patients with PPGLs. Conclusions:PPGLs exhibit a pronounced tropism for bone, metastasizing to the skeletal system with higher frequency than to organs like the liver or lungs. These bone metastases are frequently associated with skeletal complications. SDHB mutation is a risk factor for bone metastases in PPGLs. It is crucial to emphasize genetic detection and postoperative follow-up examinations in patients with PPGLs.

目的:对比分析嗜铬细胞瘤(PCC)及肾上腺以外的副神经节瘤(EAPGLs)术后骨转移患者的临床差异。方法:回顾性收集2015年1月至2022年10月北京核工业医院收治的确诊为术后骨转移的PCC患者(PCC组)和EAPGLs患者(EAPGLs组)各30例，分析两组患者的一般临床特征及骨转移临床表现的差异。结果:PCC组与EAPGLs组性别、年龄、肿瘤长径及Ki-67指数(%)差异无统计学意义(均 P>0.05)。二者均以多发骨转移常见且出现骨痛、麻木、骨折、瘫痪及高钙血症等相关并发症，两组间差异无统计学意义(均 P>0.05)。PCC组与EAPGLs组患者各确诊骨转移灶199处及154处，最常见的转移部位均为躯干骨的胸椎，颅骨及四肢骨转移少见，两组在颅骨、躯干骨及四肢骨转移灶的分布差异无统计学意义(均 P>0.05)。 结论:PCC及EAPGLs术后骨转移患者的一般特征及骨转移的临床表现差异无统计学意义。

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising cancer treatment modality that combines targeted boron agents and neutron irradiation to selectively destroy tumor cells. In mainland China, the clinical implementation of BNCT has made certain progress, primarily driven by the development of compact neutron source devices. The availability, ease of operation, and cost-effectiveness offered by these compact neutron sources make BNCT more accessible to cancer treatment centers. Two compact neutron sources, one being miniature reactor-based (IHNI-1) and the other one being accelerator-based (NeuPex), have entered the clinical research phase and are planned for medical device registration. Moreover, several accelerator-based neutron source devices employing different technical routes are currently under construction, further expanding the options for BNCT implementation. In addition, the development of compact neutron sources serves as an experimental platform for advancing the development of new boron agents. Several research teams are actively involved in the development of boron agents. Various types of third-generation boron agents have been tested and studied in vitro and in vivo. Compared to other radiotherapy therapies, BNCT in mainland China still faces specific challenges due to its limited clinical trial data and its technical support in a wide range of professional fields. To facilitate the widespread adoption of BNCT, it is crucial to establish relevant technical standards for neutron devices, boron agents, and treatment protocols.

Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT) is a binary targeted radiation therapy in which neutron does not directly provide tumor dose. The dose produced by the 10B(n, α)7Li capture reaction will be deposited in tumor cells by using targeted 10B agents. Therefore, understanding the biological distribution of 10B agents in the blood, tumor and normal tissue is essential for BNCT. 4-borono-L-phenylalanine(BPA) is the mainly used 10B agent in BNCT clinical trials worldwide. In order to support and facilitate the preparation of BPA-based BNCT clinical trials, information on the structure, physicochemical properties, cellular uptake mechanisms and human biological distribution of BPA are summarized in this paper.

Objective To explore cognition level on nuclear and radiation in Beijing high school students,which may provide evidence for promoting science popularization on nuclear and radiation.Methods Questionnaire-based survey was conducted in Beijing high school students,randomized cluster sampling was used to recruit study participants.Demographic information was collected,and cognition level on nuclear and radiation was evaluated by questionnaire.Results A total of 1 029 pieces of eligible questionnaires were collected.The correct rate for answering common sense about nuclear and radiation was 58％,with score of boys significantly higher than that of girls (t =4.131,P ＜0.05).About subjective cognition of nuclear and radiation knowledge,87 (8.5％) indicated ' quite clear',779 (75.7％) indicated 'know a little',163 (15.8％) indicated 'know nothing'.There was significant difference in score of common sense about nuclear and radiation among people with various subjective cognition level of nuclear and radiation (J-T =8.279,P ＜0.05).There was a linear correlation between support degree for nuclear power and subjective cognition level of nuclear and radiation (r =0.161,P ＜0.05).There was significant difference in score of common sense about nuclear and radiation among people with various support degree for nuclear power (J-T =7.508,P ＜0.05),whereas those who had got high scores tended to support nuclear power to a higher degree.Conclutions Students knew little about knowledge on nuclear and radiation.It is necessary to strengthen propaganda and education on nuclear and radiation,which may help enhance the students' comprehensive quality,and sustainable expansion of nuclear power more support in the long run.

目的:研究探讨冠心病抗栓治疗的临床效果.方法:选自我院2009年10月～2011年3月期间收治的500例冠心病患者,分为两组,Ⅰ组为抗血小板治疗方式和Ⅱ组为抗凝治疗方式,观察两组的冠心病抗栓治疗效果.结果:通过对抗血小板与抗凝治疗进行比较分析,差异显著,具有统计学意义,P<0.05.结论:抗血小板治疗和抗栓治疗各有其优势和不足,应用时需辨证分析.

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化症的临床效果.方法:125例冠状动脉粥样硬化症患者被随机分为实验组(n=64)和对照组(n=61),对照组给予常规治疗,实验组加用阿托伐他汀治疗.结果:实验组HDL-C显著上升,LDL-C、TG、TC显著下降,治疗效果显著优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:冠状动脉粥样硬化症发病原因复杂,应给予及早的治疗.阿托伐他汀应用于冠状动脉粥样硬化症的治疗,能显著提高临床效果,改善患者预后.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the association between clinical and ECG characteristics and prognoses in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (VF).METHODS:We reviewed the data from 21 VF patients [male 47.6%, mean age (38.5 ± 19.0) years] with first event of VF, all patients were resuscitated after cardiac arrest and diagnosed as idiopathic VF. The prevalence of J wave was assessed and patients were divided into J wave positive (J+ group) and negative group (J- group). The end point was death or syncope from arrhythmia, and recorded VF recurrence during the follow-up.RESULTS:J wave was frequent in subjects with idiopathic VF (71.4%). Among patients in the J+ group (15 cases), notch on the QRS wave was found in 7 subjects (46.7%), these patients were more likely to suffer from the sudden cardiac arrest during sleep at early morning than those with J wave but without notch on the QRS wave. Two patients dead suddenly in the J+ group and 1 dead from embolism in the J- group during follow-up [mean (42.4 ± 39.9) months]. The mean year-onset of VF or syncope was significantly higher in the J+ group than in the J-group [(1.3 ± 0.5) episodes/year vs. (0.4 ± 0.3) episodes/year, P < 0.01]. J wave positive was also associated with an increased risk of VF recurrence (RR 1.9, 95%CI 1.1 to 2.9, P = 0.03).CONCLUSION:J wave prevalence is high in patients with history of idiopathic VF, and positive J wave is associated with high risk of recurrence of sudden cardiac death.